<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6306722029901512094</id><updated>2011-11-27T16:10:55.611-08:00</updated><title type='text'>love for Islam</title><subtitle type='html'>I HAVE A PASSION TO PASS JESUS' MESSAGE TO ALL PEOPLE AND ESPECIALLY THE MUSLIMS FOR THE GLORY OF ALMIGHTY GOD, WE CAN SHARE AND HELP EACH OTHER WISDOM IS POWER LETS SEARCH FOR IT.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6306722029901512094/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>lawrence mwangi</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3bSDjQdFCRA/S79_KxwnZAI/AAAAAAAAAHM/mJTVpDUMqDg/S220/lawey+2.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>5</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6306722029901512094.post-2045011987307117845</id><published>2007-12-12T21:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-04-20T13:37:32.889-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Islam for Jesus</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;WHAT IS ISLAM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Islam (1.2 billion adherents) is one of the major world religions that, along with Christianity (1.9 billion adherents) and Judaism (14 million adherents), teaches monotheism which is the doctrine that there is only one God in all existence. Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam traces its roots back to the patriarch Abraham (Gen. 12). The word "Islam" means "surrender" or "submission"1 and it comes from the root word "salem" which means "surrender." A Muslim (or Moslem - which means one who surrenders to God) is an adherent of Islam, a religion with precise theological doctrines about God, judgment, heaven, hell, angels, prophets, salvation, etc. The Arabic word for god is "allah" which has become a kind of name of God in Islam. Islam teaches that Allah is the one and only deity in all existence (Qur'an 5:73; 112:1-4). He is supreme, all knowing (40:20), ever-present, different from all of creation (3:191), and in complete control of all things. According to Islam, Allah created the universe in six days (2:29; 25:61-62) and all that is in it continues to exist by his permission and will. Allah is non-Trinitarian (5:73), absolute, and eternal.&lt;br /&gt;The Koran (or Qur’an, which means "the reading" in Arabic) is the sacred book of Islam and is broken up into 114 chapters called Suras which cover the subjects of ethics, history, law, and theology. It is highly revered by Muslims as the direct, literal word of God. The Qur'an (also spelled Quran and Koran) was delivered by the angel Gabriel (also known as the Holy Spirit) to Muhammad over a 23 year period after Muhammad's initial encounter with Gabriel in a cave when he was 40 years old. Muslims consider Muhammad (full name of Muhammad Ibn Abdullah) to be the final prophet of God to the world. Muhammad was born in 570? AD in Mecca and died in 632 AD.&lt;br /&gt;Second only to the Islamic belief in the unity/oneness of God is the supremacy of Muhammad as Allah's prophet. But, Islam acknowledges that several prophets preceded Muhammad. The major ones are Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, and Jesus. These prophets gave revelations from God which were written as scriptures; mainly, the Old and New Testaments. These predecessors to Muhammad are considered great prophets who spoke for God to specific people and whose message was meant for that time. Jesus, then, was simply one of many prophets according to Islam. Therefore, they deny the Christian doctrine of the deity of Jesus, the need for His atoning sacrifice (4:157-158), the Trinity (5:73), and much more. According to Islam, no sacrifice is needed to be forgiven, only faith in Allah, sincere repentance, and obedience to Islamic law (3:135; 7:8-9; 21:47; 49:14; 66:8-9). In fact, in Islam, the greatest of sins, called shirk, is to attribute "partners" to God. In other words, to say that God is a Trinity of persons is an unforgivable sin to a Muslim.&lt;br /&gt;In addition to the Qur'an is the Hadith. It is another source of authority in Islam, though it is secondary to the Qur'an. The Hadith are the sayings and deeds of Muhammad as recorded by his companions. They are oral traditions and are considered authoritative and instructive as commentaries and applications of Qur'anic principles. The Hadith has additional principles not found in the Qur'an. The Hadith are the inspired truths of God transmitted to us in the style and words of Muhammad where the Koran is the exact words of God which is supposed to be protected from corruption by Allah.&lt;br /&gt;In Islam, all Muslims are united by the common faith irrespective of class, location, race, or gender. Therefore, they have a special bond of unity and equality. The primary "truth" of Islam is found in the the first pillar of Islam known as the shahda: "There is no true God except Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."&lt;br /&gt;Islamic theology also teaches that angels were created from light, that jinn are another race of beings, created from fire, who are invisible yet all around us, that there is an eternal judgment to Paradise for the good and hell for the bad, that Jesus was never crucified, that drinking alcohol is forbidden as is gambling, etc.&lt;br /&gt;Within the first two centuries after its inception in Arabia, Islam spread very quickly, often aided by sword (jihad2), into North Africa, up through Europe to Spain, and east to India. Presently, about 1 billion people are Muslim world wide with adherents on every continent and nation. It is the world's fastest growing religion and second in size only to Christianity.&lt;br /&gt;Like most ancient religions, there are sects. Islam is no different. The major sects in Islam are the Sunnites and the Shiites. The Sunnites are the largest group and comprise about 90% of all Muslims. The Shiites, though smaller in number, are significant in Islamic history and presently occupy the lands of Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi-Arabia, Yemen, and Persian Gulf states.&lt;br /&gt;The most important place of worship for the Muslim is the Mosque which is always pointed towards Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad which is located in Saudi Arabia. All Muslims must face Mecca during their times of prayer because in Mecca is the Ka'aba, a cube structure allegedly built by Abraham which contains a sacred stone. When a Muslim is in Mecca, he or she faces the Ka'aba.&lt;br /&gt;Many Muslims hope for shari'ah the complete rule of Islamic law in the world. To this end, Muslims are seeking more converts, attacking other religious systems both by the sword and by word, moving into every nation, and seeking political power wherever they can achieve it. Islam is a growing reality.&lt;br /&gt;_________________&lt;br /&gt;1. ". . . The One (True) God; To Him do we submit" (Qur'an 2:133).&lt;br /&gt;2. Jihad means "striving." Fighting against one's own sinful self. Also, a physical fight for the truth of Islam, not allowing anyone to steal the ability to worship. It also means "holy war."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Doctrines of Islam &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;God&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. There is only one God (5:73; 112:1-4). &lt;br /&gt;2. God is called Allah by Muslims (5:73) &lt;br /&gt;3. Allah sees all things (40:20), is present everywhere (2:115; 7:7). &lt;br /&gt;4. Allah is the sole creator and sustainer of the universe (3:191). &lt;br /&gt;5. Allah is not a Trinity, but is one (5:73). &lt;br /&gt;6. Allah is all-knowing (2:268; 10:61) and all powerful (6:61-62). &lt;br /&gt;7. Allah created the heaven and earth (2:29; 6:1, 73; 25:61-62; 36:81; 46:33). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Salvation and Judgment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Allah will judge all people on the day of judgment (3:30; 35:33-37; 99:6-8). &lt;br /&gt;2. If your good deeds exceed your bad deeds, and you believe in Allah, and sincerely repent of sins, you may go to heaven (3:135; 7:8-9; 21:47; 49:14; 66:8-9). &lt;br /&gt;3. There is an eternal hell for those who are not Muslims, not practicing and of the truth faith (3:77). &lt;br /&gt;4. Hell is a place of unlimited capacity (50:30) eternal torment (2:39; 14:17; 25:65; 39:26), fire (9:63; 11:16; 25:11-12; 104:6-7), with boiling water (38:55-58; 55:43-44), where skin is burned and renewed (4:56), for unbelievers (3:13; 19:49) and Jinn (11:119), with faces covered with fire (14:49-50). &lt;br /&gt;5. There is a tree in hell, named Tree of Zaqqum, from which bad fruit is given and the damned are forced to eat (37:62-67; 44:43-48; 56:52-55). &lt;br /&gt;6. Heaven (Paradise), a Garden (79:41) of bliss and fruit (69:21-24), has rivers (3:198), with maidens pure and holy (4:57), and carpets and cushions, (88:8-16). &lt;br /&gt;7. There will be a physical resurrection of all people (19:93-95) on the day of judgment (3:77; 15:25; 16:38; 42:29). &lt;br /&gt;8. Judgment is based on a person's sincere repentance (66:8-9) and righteous deeds (5:9; 24:26; 45:21-22; 64:7). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Other&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. There is an afterlife (2:154;75:12). &lt;br /&gt;2. There are such things as angels, created by Allah, that are created from light. Angels are obedient slaves incapable of refusing to do Allah’s will. The angel Gabriel brought the revelation of the Koran to Muhammad (2:97). &lt;br /&gt;3. The Holy Spirit is the angel Gabriel (2:97; 16:102). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;A. &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;There is no actual verse where the Holy Spirit is said to be Gabriel or is identified as Gabriel. These verses show that both the Holy Spirit and Gabriel brought down the revelation. &lt;br /&gt;4. Jinn are unseen beings, created (51:56) from fire (15:27; 55:15), but are not angels. They have communities. There are good and bad Jinn. &lt;br /&gt;5. The Devil, called Iblis, (2:34) is a bad Jinn. &lt;br /&gt;6. Jesus was a great prophet but not the son of God (9:30), is not divine (5:17, 75), was not crucified (4:157). &lt;br /&gt;7. Muhammad is Allah’s greatest and last prophet and his message supercedes all other past prophets including Jesus. &lt;br /&gt;8. The Koran is Allah’s word. He literally spoke it to Gabriel who gave it to Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;9. There are other holy writings but they are superceded by the Koran. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The other works are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i. Torah - the First Five books of Moses &lt;br /&gt;ii. Injeel - the message that Jesus gave, written down, but no longer exists. The writings have been altered by scholars. Whatever agrees with the Koran is true. &lt;br /&gt;iii. Zaboor - the Psalms &lt;br /&gt;10. Pre-ordainment (Qadar) is the teaching that all things, good and bad, are preordained to occur. &lt;br /&gt;11. Fasting is to be observed during the month of Ramadan (2:185). &lt;br /&gt;12. Drinking alcohol is forbidden (2:219; 4;43; 5:93-94; 16:67) &lt;br /&gt;13. Gambling is forbidden (2:219; 5:90-94). &lt;br /&gt;14. Man is made from the dust of the earth (23:12). &lt;br /&gt;15. There is no last minute repentance (4:18). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Five Pillars of Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Five Pillars of Islam are core beliefs that shape Muslim thought, deed, and society. A Muslim who fulfills the Five Pillars of Islam, remains in the faith of Islam, and sincerely repents of his sins, will make it to Jannah (paradise). If he performs the Five Pillars but does not remain in the faith, he will not be saved.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;1. Shahada &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Shahada is the Islamic proclamation that "There is no true God except Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." &lt;br /&gt;This is the confession that Allah is the one and only true God, that Allah alone is worthy of worship, that Allah alone is the sovereign lord who does what he wills with whoever he wills. It means that all his rules and laws found in the Koran are to be followed. It means that the Christian doctrine of God as a Trinity is false as are all other belief systems including pantheism. &lt;br /&gt;Muhammad is the true and greatest prophet of Allah and recognition of Muhammad as the Prophet of God is required. It was through Muhammad that Allah conveyed the last and final revelation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;2. Prayer (Salat) &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prayer involves confession of sins which begins with the purification of the body and ends with the purification of the soul. Prayer is performed five times a day. The first prayer is at dawn and the last at sunset. &lt;br /&gt;The names of the prayers are Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha. The Maghrib prayer is the sunset prayer. Isha is the prayer that is said after sunset. There is also a prayer that is said right after Fajr known as Shurooq. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;3. Fasting (Saum) &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting in Islam. It is an act of worship where the faithful follower denies his own needs and seeks Allah. Usually, this fasting entails no drinking, eating during, or sexual relations during the daylight hours for the entire month of Ramadan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. Alms-giving or charity (Zakat) &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Charity given to the poor. It benefits the poor and it helps the giver by moving him towards more holiness and submission to Allah. Alms-giving is considered a form of worship to God. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;5. Pilgrimage (Hajj) &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims, if they are able, are to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. It involves financial sacrifice and is an act of worship. Muslims must make the pilgrimage the first half of the last month of the lunar year&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;True faith in Islam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The pillars of the faith of Islam can be compared to the concept of a Statement of Faith, or Articles of faith. These are Islamic concepts of essentials of the faith.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;em&gt;Allah &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Allah is the supreme being of all. He is uncreated, the creator of all, without beginning or end. He is completely sufficient to himself and needs no other. He does not have offspring nor a spouse. He knows all things, is everywhere, and is all powerful. He hears all prayers. Everything that occurs does so by his permission. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;em&gt;His Angels &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Angels reside in the unseen world and carry out the commands of Allah. They cannot sin. Muhammad stated that it was the angel Gabriel that brought the message of the Koran to him. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. &lt;em&gt;His Messengers &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;People who have been sent from Allah to a particular group of people for the purpose of giving to them the message revealed by Allah. Some of them are Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, and, of course, Muhammad. Islam teaches that all messengers previous to Muhammad were sent to limited people groups where Muhammad was sent to all people. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. &lt;em&gt;His Books &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Islam recognizes many sacred scriptures that have been given by Allah throughout history. However, Muslims claim that only the Quran is trustworthy and that the other scriptures have been compromised because we do not posses their original manuscripts. They assert that the accounts of the Bible were written down hundreds of years later and cannot be considered inerrant, and they were written in ancient languages which have been lost. Therefore, exact translations are not possible. Nevertheless, the scriptures recognized in Islam are: &lt;br /&gt;The Koran - The Koran (Qur'an) is the inspired word of Allah given to people through the Prophet Muhammad and it supercedes all other scriptures before it including. It alone is inerrant and trustworthy as a revelation for today. It is unchanged from the beginning. &lt;br /&gt;The Torah -the first five books of Moses. &lt;br /&gt;The Injil - the gospel message of Jesus in the New Testament &lt;br /&gt;The Psalms - the sacred writings given to David. &lt;br /&gt;• The Last Day &lt;br /&gt;There is a future day in which this world and its governments and systems will come to an end and all people will face judgment based upon their deeds. Muslims go to paradise and non-Muslims go to hell. &lt;br /&gt;• Divine Preordainments good or bad &lt;br /&gt;In Islam, Allah is completely in control of all things and ordains all things that occur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Islamic terms &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Adhan - The call to prayer. &lt;br /&gt;• Ahmad - Another name for Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;• Allah - The Arabic word for "god." It is often used as a name for God in Islam. &lt;br /&gt;• Badr - The place of the first significant battle between and the pagans of the Quraish. It is located in Saudi Arabia. &lt;br /&gt;• Caliph - A Muslim ruler. &lt;br /&gt;• Dajjal - Antichrist. &lt;br /&gt;• Dawah - The proliferation of Islamic teachings through word and deed. &lt;br /&gt;• Din - Obedience to the revelation of Allah's Qur'an (Koran). It involves total submission. &lt;br /&gt;• Fatwa - Legal verdict given based on the Qur'an (Koran) and the Sunnah which are the recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;• Fiqh - Religious law. &lt;br /&gt;• Hadith - The sayings and deeds of the prophet Muhammad recorded by his followers. Considered authoritative and perfect. A saying is called a Sunnah. &lt;br /&gt;• Hajar - The Black Stone set into the corner of the Ka'aba in Mecca. Tradition states it fell from heaven. &lt;br /&gt;• Hajj - The pilgrimage to Mecca which takes place in the last month of the Islamic calendar. One of the five pillars of Islam. &lt;br /&gt;• Hawijah - The sixth level of hell which is the place for Christians. &lt;br /&gt;• Hegirah - Muhammad's immigration to Medina. It begins the Muslim calendar. &lt;br /&gt;• Hijrah - Moving from a land where a Muslim cannot practice his faith to a land where he can. &lt;br /&gt;• Ibadah - All the words and deeds with which Allah is pleased. These deeds could be prayer and charity. &lt;br /&gt;• Iblis - Satan, a fallen Jinn. &lt;br /&gt;• Imam - The political head of an Islamic state. &lt;br /&gt;• Injil - The inspired sayings of Jesus. The message of Jesus. &lt;br /&gt;• Islam - Submission, the religion of all the prophets of Allah culminating in Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;• Jannah - The heavenly garden, Paradise. The place of the faithful in the afterlife. &lt;br /&gt;• Jihad - Striving. Fighting against one's own sinful self. Also, a physical fight for the truth of Islam, not allowing anyone to steal the ability to worship. It also can mean "holy war." &lt;br /&gt;• Jinn - Supernatural, invisible beings race of beings, below angels. They were made from fire and are capable of looking like humans or animals. Some may dwell in rocks, trees, etc, and may possess black dogs, and black cats. There are good and bad Jinn and all will be judged on Judgment Day. &lt;br /&gt;• Ka'aba - A cube shaped building in Mecca containing a stone laid there by Abraham and Ishmael. All Muslims face this cube when praying. &lt;br /&gt;• Koran - Also spelled Qur'an. The holy book of Islam given to Muhammad by Allah through the Archangel Gabriel. Koran literally means "the recital." It is the final revelation of Allah given to the prophet Muhammad. It has 114 surahs, or chapters. &lt;br /&gt;• Kufr - Disbelief &lt;br /&gt;• Khutbah - A sermon given in a Mosque, usually on Friday. &lt;br /&gt;• Maksiat - Sinful act &lt;br /&gt;• Masjid - A center for Muslim activity. It is like a local mosque. &lt;br /&gt;• Mecca - The Holy City of Islam. It is the birthplace of Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;• Medina - The city, then called Yathrib, that Muhammad fled to after announcing Islam. &lt;br /&gt;• Mosque - A Muslim house of worship. &lt;br /&gt;• Muhajir - Immigrant, one who leaves his home town to join a Muslim community. &lt;br /&gt;• Muhammad - the final messenger/prophet of God whose message abrogated all previous revelations. He received the Koran through the angel Gabriel over a 23 year period. &lt;br /&gt;• Muhammad ibn Abd Allah - the full name of Muhammad. &lt;br /&gt;• Muslim - Someone who holds to the religion of Islam. &lt;br /&gt;• Nas - The multitude of people who are not dedicated to Allah and sway to and fro to various teachings. &lt;br /&gt;• Nasara - A word used in the Koran to designate those who are Christians. &lt;br /&gt;• P.B.U.H. - A shortened designation for "Peace be upon him" which is placed in writing or said after the word "Muhammad" is used. &lt;br /&gt;• Paradise - Another word for heaven. A garden (79:41) of bliss and fruit (69:21-24), has rivers (3:198), with maidens pure and holy (4:57), and carpets and cushions, (88:8-16). It is the hope of all Muslims. &lt;br /&gt;• Qadar - Preordainment is the teaching that all things, good and bad, are preordained to occur. &lt;br /&gt;• Qatl - Murder &lt;br /&gt;• Qibla - The direction which Muslims turn for daily prayers, towards Mecca. &lt;br /&gt;• Quraish - An ancient Arab tribe to which Muhammad once belonged. &lt;br /&gt;• Rakat (rak'ah) - One complete cycle of sacred words and gestures during the ritual prayer. &lt;br /&gt;• Ramadhan - The ninth month of the Islamic calendar which is the month of the fast. &lt;br /&gt;• Salat - Prayers &lt;br /&gt;• Sawm - Fasting &lt;br /&gt;• Shi'ites - A sect of Islam that teaches that leaders should be political rulers. &lt;br /&gt;• Shirk - Associating another god with Allah. Associating anything with Allah that is not true and revealed in the Koran. &lt;br /&gt;• Sirq - Theft &lt;br /&gt;• Sufi - A sect of Islam. It is very mystical and teaches strong self denial with the hope of union with God. &lt;br /&gt;• Sunnah - The life, practices, and sayings of Muhammad recorded as examples of perfect conduct in society, religion, action, etc. They contain the Hadith. &lt;br /&gt;• Sunnis - One of the sects of Islam &lt;br /&gt;• Surah - A chapter of the Koran. &lt;br /&gt;• Taghut - Everything that is worshipped or followed other than Allah. &lt;br /&gt;• Taiyib - Pure, clean, wholesome. &lt;br /&gt;• Taqwah - Proper fear and veneration of Allah. A divine spark that enables the person to understand God. &lt;br /&gt;• Tauhid - Monotheism in Islam is the teaching that there is only one God who alone is worthy of worship. &lt;br /&gt;• Tauhid-ar-Rububiyah - Declaring that God is one, the sovereign who performs all his will. &lt;br /&gt;• Tauhid-al-Uluhiyah - Declaring that God is the only one worthy of worship. &lt;br /&gt;• Ummah - A religious community, usually referring to an Islamic one. &lt;br /&gt;• Umrah - A Minor form of pilgrimage to Mecca. &lt;br /&gt;• Wa Alaikum Assalam - The Arabic way of saying "peace be upon him." &lt;br /&gt;• Zaboor - The Psalms &lt;br /&gt;• Zakat - The third pillar of Islam. Alms giving, charity that is given to the poor. &lt;br /&gt;• Zinah - Fornication and adultery. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Regarding Islam &lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muhammad&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Few people in all of history ever have an influence so far reaching that the course of nations are changed. Muhammad is just such a person. For most of the world, Muhammad was an Arab who lived in the middle east in the 7th century and is the founder of Islam. For Muslims, Muhammad is the final prophet of Allah who supersedes all other prophets and who alone delivered the final and perfect word of God. Whichever your position, Muhammad is an important figure in human history.&lt;br /&gt;Muhammad (full name is Muhammad Ibne Abdullah) was born in 570(?) in Mecca which is now located in Saudi Arabia. Mecca was then the cultural and religious center of Arabia. The area had no central government and was full semi-warring tribes with numerous, competing, polytheistic religions. At the heart of Mecca was the Ka'aba (cube in Arabic), a shrine about 60 feet, by 60 feet, by 60 feet, containing hundreds of idols, and known as the House of Allah. Allah was recognized as the supreme deity, but was worshipped along with other deities. The Ka'aba was believed to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael on the same spot as the first shrine to God built by Adam. On the eastern corner of the Ka'aba is the Black stone called in Arabic, Hajar al Aswad. The Black Stone is probably a meteorite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Muhammad is born&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muhammad was born to his mother Amina, into the Quraish, the then ruling tribe of Mecca. Up to the age of eight, he was raised by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib because Abdallah, his father, died in Yathrib a few weeks before Muhammad was born. Amina, his mother, died when he was six. After the death of his grandfather, his uncle Abu Talib then assumed responsibility for raising Muhammad. Abu Talib was a businessman involved in trade so it is likely that Muhammad went with him on business trips and encountered both Jews, 280 miles to the north in Madina, and Christians also to the north and to the south in Nejran. History tells us that when he was 12 he accompanied his uncle on a trading caravan to Syria. His encounters with Jews and Christians seems to be reflected in the Qur'an in passages that refer to "The People of the Book" (3:64, 71, 187; 5:59). The term "People of the Book" is a reference to Jews and Christians who had received God's word through the prophets before Muhammad.&lt;br /&gt;At 25 years old, Muhammad was hired to manage the business of a wealthy widow named Khadija who was 15 years older than he. He went to Syria and traded there successfully. Apparently this impressed Khadija. She ended up proposing to Muhammad later and in 595 they were married. They had two sons, who died in infancy, and four daughters: Zaynab, Ruqaiyah, Fatima and Umm Kulthum. Muhammad and Khakija were married for 25 years until Khadija died at the age of 65 during the month of Ramadan, well after the start of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;Around 35 Muhammad assumed the habit of going outside of Mecca to Mt. Hira for meditation and contemplation. There was a cave there and he often went there for solitude. It was during one of these times of meditation that Muhammad said an angelic being appeared to him, calling him. This disturbed Muhammad (Qur'an 81:19-29) and he told his wife Khadija that he thought he had been visited by an evil Jinn. Jinn are supposed to be living beings like people, but not angels, who were created from fire and are invisible, yet dwell on the earth. A short time later, in the year 610 (believed to be the 26th of Ramadan), while in a cave on Mt. Hirah, Muhammad said that the angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him to recite (96:1-19). This recitation became the Qur'an. In these encounters with the angel Gabriel, sometimes he would see the angel, other times he would only hear him, and at others he only heard the sound of a bell through which the words of the angel came.&lt;br /&gt;Muhammad could neither read nor write so he was instructed to memorize the words given to him by Gabriel. This complete recitation which Muhammad received over a 23 year period, ending in 632, the year of his death, is known as the Qur'an. Initially, Muhammad doubted that he was being called by Allah to be a prophet. Others, including his wife and a cousin, counseled him by saying that Allah would only be truthful to him and would not allow him to be deceived. Muhammad became convinced and even wrote in the Qur'an, "Say: Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel-for he brings down the (revelation) to thy heart by Allah's will, a confirmation of what went before, and guidance and glad tidings for those who believe," (2:97).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Islam takes root&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It became the mission of Muhammad to proclaim the truth of Islam, given to him by Allah, through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad called the people of his area to repent from their idol worship, to do good, and to serve the one and true God, Allah. He taught that man is God's slave and it is his duty to submit to God and obey him. He said that the Day of Judgment was coming and that a man's works will be weighed on that day. Those whose good deeds out weigh their bad may, by Allah's grace, be saved and enter Paradise which is full of sensual pleasures. The unsaved go to hell. His first converts were his wife, Khadija, his cousin Ali, and his adopted son Zaid ibn Haritha. Soon afterwards, Abu Bakr also believed. In his first three years of proclaiming Islam, he had 40 converts.&lt;br /&gt;Though his continued preaching brought only a few converts, it did bring much opposition. The ruling tribe, the Quraish, tried to get Muhammad to stop his preaching by appealing to his uncle, Abu Talib. But, Muhammad adamantly refused to stop proclaiming the message he had received. Because Abu Talib was very influential in the Quraish, Muhammad's life was protected and he was able to continue his preaching which angered many people. The Quraish began to persecute the Muslims by beating them and boycotting their businesses. During public prayers, Muhammad was accosted and mocked. His followers were likewise treated poorly. But, Muhammad remained steadfast.&lt;br /&gt;Because of the persecution, the Muslims moved to Abyssinia, Ethiopia today, and were protected by the Christian ruler there. After a time, he returned to Madina and continued his preaching. More converts joined his ranks and more idolaters sought to defeat him. This is because the message of Islam was socio-political. Islam covers belief, society, behavior, ethics, etc. This monotheistic belief system threatened the lucrative business that grew around the pilgrimages to the Ka'aba that so many Arabs enjoyed. The ruling tribe, the Quraish, soon found that within their reign a small band of believers, a small "country" unto themselves, was rising up. The ruling party became more and more concerned and threatened by the Muslims and their pressure increased against Muhammad.&lt;br /&gt;In the year 620 Muhammad lost his beloved uncle Abu Talib (who never became a Muslim) and his wife Khadija. "After a few months Muhammad sought comfort by marrying the widow of one of the believers named Sawdah. He also later married Ayisha, the seven-year old daughter of his friend Abu Bakr, who he took into his home three years later."1 According to Muslim historians, Muhammad has 12 wives when he died.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hegira&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;622 is a significant date for Muslims. It is known as the year of the Hijra, or Migration from Mecca to Yathrib (which later became Medina) where they established their first real Islamic community. The Muslim calendar begins its history from July 16, 622 the first day of the lunar year in which the Hegira took place.&lt;br /&gt;In Medina, he preached about Allah and monotheism and urged all people to return to the true faith of Abraham. At that time in Medina, he would pray facing Jerusalem, as did the Jews who were very populous in that city. He preached about repentance, one God, and forgiveness of sins. His first sermon in Medina was on a Friday. Therefore, Islamic congregational worship occurs on Fridays.&lt;br /&gt;Gradually, however, the Jews began to disapprove of him and his movement. He confronted them and told them they had misread the Scriptures. This estranged the Jews in the region and finally one day while praying, he suddenly changed direction and faced Mecca. He said the Ka'aba, in Mecca, was the true place of worship since it was built by Abraham. To this day, all Muslims are to face Mecca when praying.&lt;br /&gt;After two years in Medina, the Muslims were not fairing too well financially and that, combined with mild persecution, prompted a revelation to come to Muhammad permitting him to raid passing caravans. This he did and the Muslim financial problems were solved. Soon afterward, there was then a significant battle at Badr where Muhammad, with 350 men, defeated an army of 1,000 men. This boost gave confidence to the Muslims, encouraged more converts, and made the Quraish even more uneasy.&lt;br /&gt;In the fifth year of the Hegira, the Quraish tried to destroy the Muslims but failed. By now the Muslims were too strong so the Quraish never again tried to defeat them. Muhammad then set his sights on Mecca. At one point in 628, Muhammad took 10,000 men and entered Mecca unchallenged. The leader of the Quraish converted to Islam. &lt;br /&gt;From there, Muhammad's movement gained further momentum. In 631 two tribes joined Muhammad. They were the Hijaz and Najd. From this time on, many battles ensured. In 625 there was the Battle of Uhud. In 627, the Battle of the Trench. In 628 Muhammad signs a treaty with Quraish. There is the Battle of Hunsin. In 630 Muhammad had conquered Mecca and he destroys all the idols in Mecca.&lt;br /&gt;In 632, Muhammad delivers his last sermon, later falls ill, and dies in the presence of his favorite wife, Aisha, and her father, Abu-Bakr. He was buried in Medina in his own house. His father in law, Abu-Bakr, becomes Caliph, the religious leader of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Qur'an&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Qur'an (Koran, Quran) is the Holy Book of Islam and the religion's most sacred writing. Muslims consider it the actual word of Allah and not the word of Muhammad to whom it was given. Muslim tradition states that the angel Gabriel visited Muhammad and gave him the words directly from Allah. These words were Allah's words of wisdom, truth, and commandments to His creation. The Qur'an (which means recitation) was revealed in the Arabic dialect used by the Quraish tribe of Mecca of that time. This dialect became the formal Arabic of the Islamic nations due to the distribution of Qur'anic scriptures throughout the Islamic empire. In the Arabic the Qur'an is poetic in style with rhymes, meter, and shifts in line lengths. Those who speak the language say it is a beautiful work.&lt;br /&gt;The Qur'an deals mainly with what and how Allah wants mankind to believe and do in Man's moral struggle. Its primary theme is that of complete submission to the will of Allah. However, it also teaches . . . &lt;br /&gt;• there is only one sovereign God (3:191; 5:73; 112:1-4). &lt;br /&gt;• there will be an end of the world and judgment day (:30; 35:33-37). &lt;br /&gt;• those who are not Muslims will go to hell (2:24; 3:12). &lt;br /&gt;• that those whose good deeds exceed their bad will obtain paradise (3:135; 7:8-9; 21:47). &lt;br /&gt;• social and ethical behavior for Islamic society. &lt;br /&gt;In the year 610 (believed to be the 26th of Ramadan), while in a cave on Mt. Hirah, which is now called Mount Jabal Nur, Muhammad said that the angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him to recite (96:1-19). From that point on, Muhammad claimed to have received revelations up to the time of his death, 23 years later in 632. In these encounters with the angel Gabriel, sometimes Muhammad would see the angel, other times he would only hear him, and at others he only heard the sound of a bell through which the words of the angel came. &lt;br /&gt;Since Muhammad could not read or write, his companions wrote down what he said. These recitations were copied onto a variety of materials: papyrus, flat stones, palm leaves, shoulder blades and ribs of animals, pieces of leather and wooden boards.1 Additionally, these sayings were also being memorized by Mohammad's followers. In fact, to this day, great emphasis is placed upon memorizing the entire Qur'an and there are many thousands of Muslims who have committed it to memory. The work is roughly the same size as the New Testament.&lt;br /&gt;Apparently, there was no attempt made to collect all of the sayings given by Muhammad during his lifetime. After all, Mohammad was continuing to give ' recitations' on a somewhat regular basis. But, after he died in 632, Abu-Bakr, Muhammad's father in law, became the caliph (religious leader of the Muslims) and there was a small effort to collect the fragments of Qur'anic sayings into a common place. But, it wasn't until the fourth leader of Islam, Caliph Uthman, that the whole Qur'an was finally assembled, approved, and disseminated throughout the Muslim world.&lt;br /&gt;The Quran also contains many biblical figures (Abraham, David, Moses, and Jesus) as well as non-biblical figures. However, some of the accounts of biblical characters are different than the Bible.&lt;br /&gt;The Quran is divided into 114 chapters, called Surahs. The word surah means "row". Today the Koran is arranged with the longer surahs first and the shorter ones after, with the whole thing divided into 30 approximately equal lengths.&lt;br /&gt;"Islamic law prohibits the touching of the physical Arabic Qur'an (and formal, but not casual, recitation) unless the person is in a state of purity which corresponds to the greater of Ablution...every Moslem must commit at least 12 vs. or lines of the Qur'an to memory."2&lt;br /&gt;The revelations are identified as having been revealed either in Mecca or Medina. Generally, those revealed in Mecca are the earlier ones and are more poetic and deal with apocalyptic themes. The Medina revelations deal more with the law of Allah. Many have noted that the arrangement of the Qur'an is not chronological or thematic. The subjects tend to be disjointed and shifting. This is due in part to the directions of Mohammad to put certain savings in different places in the Surahs. Muslims are aware of this and considered as to be the divine order in the Koran.&lt;br /&gt;____________________&lt;br /&gt;1. Watt, W. Montgomery, Islamic Surveys: Bell's Introduction to the Qur'an, Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, 1970, page 40.&lt;br /&gt;2. (Glasse, Cyril, The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, Harper &amp; Row, Publishers, Inc. San Francisco, 1989. p. 220)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Notes from dialogues with Muslims&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following research notes are some of the ones I gathered while interviewing different Muslims. They serve as a confirmation of many of the things I've read in Islamic literature. I'll continue to add to this list.&lt;br /&gt;My questions are in bold and the responses from Muslims follow. Each paragraph is a response from a different Muslim. I cut the list down to a few representative answers.&lt;br /&gt;Of course, I do not believe that the answers from Muslims here are authoritative and official doctrine of Islam. Rather, I consider them to be reflective only of what a few Muslims believe concerning the issues raised.&lt;br /&gt;I would like to add that I told each Muslim I was doing research on Islam in preparation for writing about it on my website and let them know that I was typing up their responses. Each person knew I was a Christian apologist. Each Muslim was very polite and courteous. &lt;br /&gt;1. Is it true that Abraham sacrificed Ishmael, not Isaac. &lt;br /&gt;A. Yes, because Ishmael was the firstborn of God. Ishmael is the firstborn, Isaac was not born, when this even happened. The location of this was in the Mecca. Mecca is a city... Ka'aba is the first house built to God...contains a meteorite in it. &lt;br /&gt;2. What is the Hadith? &lt;br /&gt;A. The sayings of Muhammad. Not the direct word of God. It is the revelation of God to Muhammad, almost as good as the Koran, but not quite. We are to follow it. They are inspired sayings by God. Everything Muhammad did and said was infallible and inspired...but the Koran is on a higher level... because the koran is the direct revelation from God. &lt;br /&gt;3. How can you have a lesser inspired word of God in the Hadith? &lt;br /&gt;A. I don't know how to explain it to you. &lt;br /&gt;4. How is sin removed in Islam &lt;br /&gt;A. God accepts sincere repentance and on the day of Judgment if our good deeds are more than our bad deeds, we may go to Paradise . &lt;br /&gt;B. If on the day of judgment, our good deeds out way our bad deeds, then if Allah so wills it, we can go to Paradise. &lt;br /&gt;5. If a person is forgiven through sincere repentance, then what does it matter if a person has good or bad deeds since he has no sin held to him? &lt;br /&gt;A. I'll have to think about that one. &lt;br /&gt;6. Have you done enough good deeds? &lt;br /&gt;A. A Muslim never knows.... but they get to heaven because of the mercy of Allah. &lt;br /&gt;B. I don't know because it is dependent on the will of God. I do what I can according to the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;C. We don't know if we are going to go to heaven or hell. That is God's decision. Islam says in the Quran that he is very merciful....ask for forgiveness and you will be forgiven. &lt;br /&gt;D. Everyone will be judged on the day of judgment. It is up to Allah whether the person receives mercy or not. God will hand you a book about every deed, good or bad...unbeliever's sin will be public.. believer's sins are private. &lt;br /&gt;7. Is God's mercy based upon the balance of good works or bad? &lt;br /&gt;A. It is up to God...he knows all things, etc. We can't know what he will do or how merciful he is. We will be judged for our deeds. &lt;br /&gt;B. It can lead either way. Those who believe in the true god and will receive more mercy. &lt;br /&gt;C. People are born in a state of fitra, a state of not having sin. We deny original sin. &lt;br /&gt;8. What are some other conditions necessary for forgiveness of sins. &lt;br /&gt;A. Believe in the true God (Allah). Be willing to submit to the true God (Allah). Sincerely repent of your sins. If anyone worships anyone other than Allah (Like Jesus being God), then that is an unforgivable sin. &lt;br /&gt;9. What is Heaven and hell in Islam? &lt;br /&gt;A. Heaven is the same as Paradise. People have eternal happiness there. You have whatever you want... before you think about it, you can have it. &lt;br /&gt;B. Heaven is a place of pleasure. There are women there. There is sexual activity between the men and women. You can have sex with more than one woman, not a system of marriage, but they will be husband and wife. A husband and wife here are still husband and wife there, will live in a house(s) in heaven. In each room is a woman with whom you can have sex with, but no pregnancy. &lt;br /&gt;i. Muslim men can marry Muslim women, Jewish women, and Christian women in this life... &lt;br /&gt;ii. Angels question you about your belief in Muhammad when you die. &lt;br /&gt;C. Heaven was created for mankind 50,000 years before man was created. Mankind and jinn were created to worship, to speak according to what the creator said. Paradise...for those who worship God properly according to the revelation of God. It is a place of happiness. &lt;br /&gt;D. Hell is fire, torture, eternal....for those who worship any other god than the true God. &lt;br /&gt;E. There are trees in the hell fire... people eat from the tree and the contents will cut up their insides... People are forced to eat from it. Or, I think, because people will eventually become hungry and need to eat. You will hurt, feel pain... It is said they will be forced to drink molten copper, and drink boiling water. People cannot get out of hell. Their skin is burned to the bone and then they grow another skin...horrible place...beyond our comprehension...Muhammad also saw hell. A tree in hell with very bitter fruit...it could make the whole ocean bitter with one leaf... eat boiling puss, boiling oil... rotten and disgusting... &lt;br /&gt;F. It is fire, hot. It is a physical aspect, and it is kind of both temporary and permanent. There are two opinions: &lt;br /&gt;i. Hell is permanent for disbelievers, and temporary for sinful disbelievers &lt;br /&gt;ii. Hell is temporary for all who enter it, meaning that eventually it will be empty (no one in it), &lt;br /&gt;G. Muhammad saw heaven and reported it. I don't know if Jesus saw heaven. It isn't recorded in the Qu'ran. Don't think the Bible is the word of God. &lt;br /&gt;10. Who is Jesus to you? &lt;br /&gt;A. Jesus is a prophet, a creation. God has no partner. Jesus raised people from the dead. He healed people, a very great prophet. Jesus had supernatural powers. &lt;br /&gt;B. Jesus did not die on the cross... God made Judas look like Jesus and then he was crucified in the one who died on the cross. &lt;br /&gt;11. If God made Judas look like Jesus, then didn't God deceive people and bear false witness by purposely allowing others to believe a lie? &lt;br /&gt;A. God didn't deceive people, he protected his prophet Jesus. He allowed the person who was betrayed to take the place... It is how you look at it. It isn't a deception...it is protecting Jesus. God took Jesus into heaven. &lt;br /&gt;12. Then what we have in the Bible about Jesus' resurrection is nothing more than a corrupted account? &lt;br /&gt;A. Correct. No one has ever risen from the dead. &lt;br /&gt;13. Did Jesus every marry? &lt;br /&gt;A. I don't think so... not sure. &lt;br /&gt;14. Can you tell me about Angels and Jinn? &lt;br /&gt;A. There are such things as angels, created by Allah, created from light. Angels are obedient slaves incapable of refusing to do Allah’s will. &lt;br /&gt;B. Jinn are not humans or angels. Created from fire, but are not angels. They nurse, have kids, but are unseen. They can be embodied in people. They have male and female, families, they have sex, produce offspring, they live in this world but you can't see them, have more powers than humans, different levels of jinn, the more powerful ones can influence humans, Similar to humans in that they have communities and have a free will. They will be judged also. They are unseen, have communities. There are good and bad Jin. They can sin. A jinny or shatan (jinn who are followers of the devil, iblis - not all jinn are shatans, there are some good jinn. some Jinn can go into a pure black dog or pure black cat or a pure black snake and take its form. Muslims are warned to beware of pure black dogs and pure black cats and pure black snakes. I've heard that they can put a spell on you... Muslims believe that anyplace where there is any dog inside the house, the angels will leave the house...because it is an unclean animal. Angles will leave if there are any unclean animal...they will not go with you into a restroom because it is unclean....it is their nature...a matter of cleanness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Divisions within Islam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Because of Islam's great growth geographically in the first two centuries of its inception, there needed to be a larger set of Islamic laws capable of handling the different needs of Muslims throughout the Empire. The Qur'an and the Hadith were not detailed enough to provide all the answers. Therefore, in the 8th century A.D., there arose a school of legal experts who interpreted and applied Islamic principles to different situations throughout the Empire. However, different scholars disagreed with these experts in various areas. This led to a variety of legal schools of thought within Islam.&lt;br /&gt;These different schools became different sects within Islam. The largest of the sects is the Sunni which comprises about 90% of all Muslims. The next two largest are the Shi'i and Sufi. After these, there are numerous splinter groups which are often named after the individual scholars who began them: Hanifa, after Abu Hanifa; Maliki, after Malik ibn Anas; Shafi'i, after Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i; Zaydi, after Zayd ibn Ali; the Nusayri, Ismaili, Murji'ah, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sunni Muslims&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunni Muslims These are followers of the Hanifa, Shafi, Hanibal and Malik schools. They constitute a 90% majority of the believers, and are considered to be main stream traditionalists. Because they are comfortable pursuing their faith within secular societies, they have been able to adapt to a variety of national cultures, while following their three sources of law: the Qur'an, Hadith and consensus of Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;The Sunni emphasize the power and sovereignty of Allah and his right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Strict determinism is taught. Its rulership is through the Caliphate, the office of Muslim ruler who is considered the successor to Muhammad. This successor is not through hereditary lineage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shi'ite Muslims &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Shi'ites (also known as the Ja'firi school) split with the Sunni over the issue of the successor to Muhammad. This split occured after the assassination of the fourth caliph in 661. Shi'ites believe that the successor to Muhammad should have been Ali, his son in law, and that subsequent successors should have been through his lineage through his wife Fatima.&lt;br /&gt;Shi'ism is broken into three main sects: the Twelve-Imam; Persia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Syria), the Zaydis (Yemen), and the Ismailis (India, Iran, Syria, and East Africa). Each group, of course, has differences of doctrine.&lt;br /&gt;"Shi'ite theology includes a doctrine known as the five supports: these are Divine Unity (tawhid), prophecy (nubuwwah), resurrection of the soul and body at the Judgment (ma'ad), the Imamate1 (imamah), and justice ('adl). The first three are found in Sunni Islam, albeit with some differences of emphasis; the Imamate, however , is the essence of Shi'ism, and the last, justice, is an inheritance from the Mu'tazilites, or rationalists, whose system is in many ways perpetuated in Shi'ite theology..."1 The Imamate, fom the word "Imam", in the Shi'ite traditions is the political and religious leader of the Shi'ite sect. This person possess great power and influence. According to Shi'ite doctrine, the Imam must be a biological successor of Ali. The Imam is also sinless and infallible on all matters of Islamic doctrine and will intercede for Muslims in the afterlife. The Shi'i and the Sunni differ in some interpretations of the Qur'an and Hadith and even have a different canon of Hadith and the Sunni.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sufi Muslims&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Sufi are a mystical tradition where the followers seek inner mystical knowledge of God. This sect "officially" developed around the 10th century and has since fragmented into different orders: Ahmadiyya, Qadariyya, Tijaniyya, etc. Of course, the Sufi believe their roots can be traced back to the inception of Islam in the early 7th century.&lt;br /&gt;The Sufi mystic must follow a path of deprivation and meditation. There are various forms of abstinence and poverty. Worldly things are renounced and a complete trust in God's will is taught. The goal is to attain to a higher knowledge and experience of Allah. The mystical focus meant that the Qur'an could be interpreted in different ways and so Sufism taught that the Qur'an had mystical meanings hidden within its pages. Out of this mysticism a type of pantheism developed among some Sufi believers. Pantheism is the teaching that God and the universe are one. Of course, the orthodox Muslims, called the Sunni, reject this idea since they claim that Allah is the creator of the universe and distinct from it.&lt;br /&gt;In part, Sufism arose as a reaction to the growing Islamic materialism that had developed in the Empire at that time. Islam had achieved great power and geographical scope and with it, the material gain was great. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you can see, Islam is not the united religious system it claims to be. There are divisions among its ranks and even those divisions have divisions. But what is interesting is that the Qur'an tells the Muslims to have no such divisions.&lt;br /&gt;"The same religion has He established for you as that which He enjoined on Noah - the [sic] which we have sent by inspiration to thee - and that which we enjoined on Abraham, Moses, and Jesus: namely, that ye should remain steadfast in religion and make no divisions therein: to those who worship other things than Allah, hard is the (way) to which thou callest them..." (42:13)&lt;br /&gt;If this is the case, then the Muslim must admit that the divisions within Islam are sinful. But, such is the nature of humanity, to divide and set ourselves against one another.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WITNESSING TO MUSLIMS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Introduction&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Have you ever had the opportunity to talk with a Muslim and try to explain the Gospel to him? If so, you've probably discovered that simply sharing the essential points of the Gospel is not enough to win a Muslim to Christ. &lt;br /&gt;Booklets such as the "Four Spiritual Laws" and "Knowing God Personally" are very often effective tools in explaining the Gospel to Muslims. You must be prepared, however, because once you've finished sharing such a booklet you will find that your discussion has only just begun. In my 25 years of full0time ministry, rarely have I seen a Muslim pray to receive Christ immediately after the Four Laws were shared with him. Recently a brother and I saw two Muslims come to the Lord, but only after a period of four months. Both of these men had seen the JESUS film, and there is a prayer at the end of the film that is the same in the Four Laws. One of them, a businessmen, prayed with tears in his eyes! Still, it took months to explain the Gospel to them. &lt;br /&gt;The reason for this is that there are five major issues concerning the very nature of God, Christ, and the Bible which must be worked through and which a Muslim must understand before he will be prepared to accept the Gospel and make a commitment to Christ. The following material is designed to give you a basic understanding of these issues. Now one might say, "Why not simply add these to the Four Laws and then distribute it?" Although this may seem like a good idea, it leads to one important consideration: everything in Muslim culture is based on relationships. You cannot hand a Gospel presentation to a Muslim and say, "Here's how to become a Christian" and then leave. On the contrary, you must be prepared to spend time with him - to discuss, argue, debate and even to laugh and to cry with him. Only then is it possible to see someone become a true believer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Witnessing to Muslims&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;three Prequisites&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you endeavor to share Christ with a Muslim, you are stepping into a true spiritual battle. The average Muslim has great cultural and religious biases against many of the foundational truths of Christianity. For him, the cross is a stumbling block. No other religion hates the cross like Islam, and it is for this reason that you must be prepared not only intellectually, but also in spirit and in attitude befroe taking up this challenge. &lt;br /&gt;There are three simple, yet vitally important prerequisites we need to examine before moving on to the theological issues involved in sharing Christ with a Muslim.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;strong&gt;You must be filled with the Holy Spirit? &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One of the most critical elements in witnessing to a Muslim is that one must be Spirit-filled. Jesus said in John 15:26, "When the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, that is teh Spirit of Truth, who proceeds from the Father, He will bear witness of me."Success in witnessing is simply sharing the Gospel in the power of the Holy Spirit and leaving th eresults to God. &lt;br /&gt;I'm sure we could all recount experiences where we've share the Gospel and felt that we were perhaps not fille dwith the SPirit, but were then amazed to see the person accept Christ. God in His sovereignty works, at times, in spite of us to bring people to Himself. Again, when you are sharing with a Muslim you are engaged in an intense spiritual battle. IF you are not filled with the SPirit of the Lord, you will find yourself quickly exhauseted both spiritually and emotionally. I have been in sessions with Muslims where I felt as if I was going to have a heart attack. To give you an example from my own life, I once sat with a Muslim man from Lebanon in a smoke-filled cafe late on evening, trying to explain the Gospel. As we talked, our discussion began to get really heated. The conversaqtion kept goin gin circles, back and forth, up and down until I thought I was going to explode. At one point, I was so frustrated I thought to myself, "Why can't he understand?" and I literally felt like punching him in the face! I had to remind myself, "You must continue in the power of the Holy Spirit." &lt;br /&gt;Satan would like to let you think that people you are sharing with are just too far from the Kingdom oto become Christians, but you must continue. The Holy Spirit gives us wisdom to answer even the most difficult questions asked by Muslims. I was once sharing with a Muslim when he asked me a question that I had not heard before: "Doesn't the Old Testament prophesy about the coming of the Prophet Mohammed?" He quoted a verse from Deuteronomy which I had always known to be about Christ. I immediately asked the Lord to give me wisdom to answer him and started by asking him a question; Does the Koran say that Moses was referring to Mohammed, or are you the one saying that?" He immediately replied that Mohammed did not sayin the Koran, "Moses spoke about me". At that moment, the Lord impressed upon me the verse from Luke that says Moses spoke about Jesus: &lt;br /&gt;"He said to them, 'This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms.' " Luke 24:44 Also John 5:46 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;strong&gt;You must be in prayer at all times.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You will have to pray the Muslim into the Kingdom of God, otherwise you shouldn't even begin to share wtih him. Islam is based on one presupposition: that Christianity is false. The Muslim claims that Islam exists because Christianity was courrupted, and if ever they accepted Christianity to be true, then Islam would have no reason to exist. &lt;br /&gt;When you go witnessing, you must not go straight onto the field with the purpose of sharing. When I go on campus, I always spend time in prayer first. The few times that I am extremely pressed for time, or am unable to spend extended time in prayer I still go forward in an attitude of prayer. There is no other way. Muslims are prehaps the most diffiuclt people in the world to evangelize, and ther will come moments when you're so discouraged you'll want to quit. It is that precise moment that you must start again in prayer, and continue always in prayer. &lt;br /&gt;1 Thessalonians 5:16-18. "Be joyful always; pray continually; give thanks in all circumstances, for this is God's will for you in Christ Jesus." &lt;br /&gt;Ephesians 6:18, "And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests." &lt;br /&gt;You cannot enter into an evangelistic appointment of this nature unless you are filed with the Spirit and bathed &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. &lt;strong&gt;You must have love.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mass media in the West has done an excellent job of ensuring hatred toward the Muslim people through their portrayal of Islam. When the average Westerner or American thinks of the religion of Islam or of Muslims in general, what does he think of if not the Ayatollah Khomeini, the oil embargo, or terrorism? There seems to be little compassion, little concern for their need for Christ, and a lack fo understanding that they are lost without the message of th eGospel. At times, there seems only to be the pervasive stereotype of the "fanatic Muslim terrorist." Are we to say that over a billion of the world's people are terrorists? And even if they were, would this be reason enough to hate them? We need Christian loove to combat these misconceptions and to restore our burden for those who are lost without Christ. &lt;br /&gt;Secondly, we need love because only love will keep us from losing heart when a Muslim rejects Christ. Without love, it is so easy to stop praying for him, or to lose interest in spending time with him. I have experienced several situations like this where I jusd did not want to see a certain person's face again. I remember a man from Tunisia named Mahmood. He grew up thinking, "Christianity is false," and while all his arguments were suincere, it was because of his rejection of Christ that I found myself rejecting him. But guess what! Two years later, Mahmood prayed to receive Chris! Muslims actually feel sorry for Christians; they consider us to be misguided blasphemers. They believe that we are preaching God, and want to bring us to the truth. However, it is through the love of CHrist working through us that they can come to know Him personally. &lt;br /&gt;The third reason we need love is because it is the only thing against which a Muslim cannot argue. You can talk about Iran and Iraq, two Muslim nations having fought a war against one another, and they wil say, "What about Ireland, the Catholics and the Protestants?" You bring up the Bible, they bring up the Koran. You argue for Christ, they argue for Mohammed. Take any issue you like, and the Muslim will have an answer for it. However, reach out to them with uncoditional love and acceptance, and there will nothing they can do except to love you back. &lt;br /&gt;Mathew 22:37-40: "Jesus replied, 'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it Love your nieghbor as yourself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.' " &lt;br /&gt;None fo these prerequisites may be new to you, but they must be emphasized before getting into details of explaining the Gospel to a Muslim. These three things - being Spirit-filled, being in prayer, and loving - are far more important than knowing all about Islam or the Koran. I know Americans who have led Muslims to the Lord with no knowledge of Islam and, while the more one knows the better, I doubt if there is anyone who can bring a Muslim to the Lord if he is not Spirit0filled, not praying, and not loving. It is by these three things that the Gospel will be proven true.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Five areas you need to explain to a Muslim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are five major issues which must first be explained and worked through with a Muslim before you will be able to go back and say, "Here is how you can become a Christian": &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The Authenticity of the Bible &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The consistency of God's revelation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Why Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Did Jesus really die on the cross? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. The Trinity &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again, you need to take necessary time to explain each of these issues. Once, I worked with a Muslim for a period of over two years. On many occasions we would have all-day meetings, from morning until evening, discussing these things. There will be times when you think you're not getting across to your contact; however, this is not true. As someone once said, "It's not strange for a Muslim to hear the Gospel more than fifty times before it starts to make sense to him." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;strong&gt;The authenticity of the Bible&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Muslims claim that both the Old and New Testaments have been changed, and that the Bible is, therefore, not trustworthy. For this reason they believe it was necessary for God to give another book, the Koran, to replace it. They believe that the Koran contains the essence of all the heavenly books, including the Old and New Testaments. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. &lt;em&gt;Can the Word of God really be changed?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addressing this issue, it is important to direct the Muslim's attention to the fact that the Bible is God's Word. The following are a few good questions you might consider when asking your Muslim friend: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;If th Bible is God's Word, how could man change it? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Isn't God able to protect His Word from being changed? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the Bible is God's Word, whom are we accusing when we say it's been changed? Aren't we accusing God Himself by saying that He was not able to protect it from being changed? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who changed the Bible? When was it changed? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Which parts were changed? And for what reason?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;By asking him such questions, you will find out that he does not have answers to any of them. The Muslim simply says, "It was changed," and that just shows that he has absolutely no proof or evidence to support his allegations. &lt;br /&gt;What does the Bible say regarding itself? &lt;br /&gt;Because the Muslim agrees that the Bible is God's Word, you may also want to direct his attention to what it says about itself: &lt;br /&gt;Mathew 5:1 "...until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished." &lt;br /&gt;Mathew 24:35 "Heaven and earth will pass away, but my Word will not pass away." &lt;br /&gt;1 Peter 1:24,25 "...the grass withers and the flowers fall off, but the Word of the Lord abides forever."(Also Isaiah 40:8) &lt;br /&gt;1 Timothy 3:16 "All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof , for correction, and for training in righteousness." &lt;br /&gt;2 Peter 1:21 "For no prophecy was ever made by an act of human but men moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C. &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;What does the Koran say about the Bible? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Koran itself does not say the Bible has been changed. In fact, it says that unless one obeys the Torah and the Bible, they are nothing. It mentions the Torah and the "Zabur" (the Old Testament with the Psalms) and the "Injil" (which is th eNew Testament) many times. When the Koran was written, no mention was made of the Bible having been changed. Thus, when Islam began in the 6th century, 600 years after Jesus Christ, the Bible was accepted as true. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D.&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;What about the issue of translation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Bible we have in our hands today was translated form the original languages of Hebrew and Greek. Whether it was printed in 1999, 1970 or 1950 it was translated form the original language. We have a complete Bible that dates back to the Third century A.D 300 years after Christ and 400 years before Islam. It is a complete, orginial Bible and we have several of these in existence: one in a museum in London and another in the Vatican in Rome. &lt;br /&gt;However, somoene may say, "Well, maybe it was changed before the year 300." We have thousands of original copies of various sections of th Bible that date back to before the year 300. If these pieces were put to gether, the result would be hundreds, if not thousands of complete Bibles dating back to before the year 300. The oldes of these manuscripts dates back to around the year 100 AD. We also know that the first books of the New Testament were written in 40 or 50 AD. Evidence of this may be found in the writing s of the Church Fathers, by whom many books and articles were written prior to 100 AD. The entire New Testament, with exception of five sentences that have nothing to do with theology or doctrine, cna be reconstructed from the quotes of the church fathers found in these writtings. In essence, we have the original copies from the same times as the writings of the Apostles who wrote by inspiration of the Holy Spirit. &lt;br /&gt;What is interesting is that in the days of Christ, the region of the Middle East where Christ was born and brought up was under the unfluence of Greek civilization. The Greek judiciary system required two witnesses to appear before a judge to bring evidence in a trial. God in His sovereignty, however, has provided us with four witnesses, all of whom are in agreement concerning the events of the life of Christ. II Corinthians 13:1 says, "... every fact is to be confirmed by teh testimony of two or three witnesses." &lt;br /&gt;Finally, the Bible is not a scientific book, but where it mentions science it is accurate. It is not a history book, but where it mentions anything historic it is again accuate. It is not a geography book, but where it mentions geography it has proven to be true and accurate. The Bible, as it is in our hands to day, is the true Word of God and is able to stand up to any type of test, research, or criticism.&lt;br /&gt;The consistency of God's relevation&lt;br /&gt;In the Muslim mind, God has established three religions over the course of history: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Muslims believe that He first sent MOses to establish Judaism, but because the Jews were a stiff-necked, disobedient peopl eHe scattered them all over the world and sent Jesus, the Son of Mary, to establish Christianity. By the fith centruy, however, Christianity had become so corrupt that BGod sent Mohammed to establish Islam, His last and final revelation. Muslims believe that Islam includes both Judaism and Christianity and they say that even Abraham was a Muslim. IN their mind, Islam is everything and everything is Islam. What we need to explain to the Muslims - and it is not an easy task - is that God was consitent in His relevation and will continue to be so until the end. &lt;br /&gt;God's primary purpose was not to establish a religion; religions are man-made. Rather, he desired to establish a personal relationship between Himself and man. This is the message of the entire Gospel. The first two chapters in the Bible speak about creation, including that of man and woman. In the third, we read abou the fall of man into sin. From the fourth chapter of Genesis through the end of the book fo Revelation the primary message of God's Word is that of Salvation. &lt;br /&gt;There is a very important passage in Genesis chapter 3, verses 14 and 15 is which God confronts Adam and Eve regaurding their sin: &lt;br /&gt;And the Lord God said to the serpent, 'Because you have done this, cursed are you more than all cattle, and more than every beast of the field; on your belly you shall go, and dust shall you eat all the days of your life; 'And I will put enmity between you and the woman, And between your seed and her seed; He shall bruise you on the head, And you shall bruse him on the heel.'&lt;br /&gt;Take time to explain this passage. * Muslims already believe in the story of Adam and Eve, the creation and the fall. They also believe that Satan appeared in the shape of a serpent and tried to seduce the woman to eat from the fruit, that she succumbed to temptation and ate, and then gave some of the fruit to her husband to eat. The key point here, however, is God's promise: "... the seed of the woman shall bruise the head of Satan." If you ask a Muslim, "Who form the time of Adam and Eve until today was indeed only born from a woman and not the union of a man and a woman?", they will say "Jesus". They know this and believe it. Explain who the seed of the woman is, and also God's promise - that from the seed of the woman He would destroy Satan and redem man. Explain that this promise, given the moment man fell into sin, was fulfilled by Jesus Christ. &lt;br /&gt;You can also show how the prophets pointed their prophecies toward the coming of Christ. His coming was, from the beginning, part of God's plan: &lt;br /&gt;Isaiah 7:14 "Behold, the virgin shall be found with child and bear a son, and she will call his name Emmanuel." &lt;br /&gt;Isaiah 9:6 "For a child wil be born to us, a son will be given to us, and the government will rest on his shoulders; and his name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace." &lt;br /&gt;Mathew 1:23 "Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and shall bear a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which translated means, 'God with us'." &lt;br /&gt;Why We believe Jesus is the Son of God&lt;br /&gt;Is Jesus really the Son of God? The moment you begin speaking to a Muslim, typically the first and most offensive objection they have is that we say that Jesus is th Son of God. This is because when we say "Son of God", they think we are talking about a physical son (God having sexual relations with Mary), and this is blasphemy. We, too, believe this is blasphemy. You must clarify to th Muslim that when we say "Son of God", we do not believe that God ever had a physical relationship with a woman to have His son. &lt;br /&gt;In explaining the Sonship of Christ to the Muslim, we need to tell them that Jesus is the Son of God from a spiritual point of view, not a physical one. Jesus is not the physical offspring of God. Refer to Luke chapter 1 and read together verses 26 through 35, about how the angel brough the news to Mary that she would concive and give birth to a son. Pinpoint these important words to him: "The Holy Spirit will come upon you... So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God." He is not the physical son of God, but we call him the Son of God because he came from the Spirit of God. Therefore, he is not the physical son, but "He shall be called the Son of God." Underline these words for him. &lt;br /&gt;The second concept you need to understand and explain to the Muslim is that, especially in the Arabic version of th Bible, there is a big difference between the words "son" of God, and "child" of God. In Arabic, there are the words "ibn" and "walad". "Ibn" means "son" and "walad" means "child". "Ibn" refers to the child you adopt; "walad" means it was born to you. This is why we never call Jesus in Arabic "Walad Allah." We call him "Ibn Allah", meaning he came from God. If the person you are sharing with is an Arab, ask him, "What is the difference between 'ibn' and 'walad'?" LEt him think - see what he comes up with, and then explain the difference. &lt;br /&gt;There is one other logical illustration you might give to a Muslim. In Arabic, the phrase "son of..." is used to signify where one is from. For instance, I am from Lebanon, and am often called a "Son of Lebanon." A man from MOrocco would be called a "Son of Morocco." And because the Nile is the most famous part of Egypt, an Egyptian will often becalled "Son of the Nile." One could also be called "Son of Education", meaning that he is a very well educated person. The phrase may also be used to express one's main interest. In the same way, Christ is called "Son of God" because HE came from the Spirit of God. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&lt;strong&gt;Did Jesus really die on the cross?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Does the Koran refute Christ's crucifixion? &lt;br /&gt;Muslims do not believe that Jesus died on the cross. There is a verse in th Koran which says, "THey killed Him not, they crucified Him not, but it was likened unto them. They killed Him not knowingly, but God raised Him and God is the most merciful of merciful. " 90% of the time, the Muslim will tell me immediately, "But they killed Him not, they crucified Him not!" In the Muslim's mind, this verse is saying that God was so merciful that He could never allow a wonderful prophet such as Jesus to be crucified by His enemies. They believe God saved Him, and lifted Him up to heaven. God then punished Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Him the night before, by changing him into the likeness of Christ. Muslims believe it was Judas, not Christ, who was crucified and they say this in defense of a prophet whom they consider to be great and wonderful. They say this out of zeal and respect for Jesus. &lt;br /&gt;In explaining the second part of the Koranic verse, which says, "They killed Him ot knowingly", you can remind the person you're sharing with of the attitude the Jews held toward Christ. When JEsus was taken to the Roman govenor, they did not believe He was the Messiah. They wanted to get rid of Him. So by saying, "They killed Him not knowingly", the Koranic verse is simply saying they killed Him without knowing He was the Messiah. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. The Bibical prophecy and necessity of Christ's crucifixtion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The issue of Christ's death on th cross also brings us back to the verses in Genesis 4, we see how God accepted Abel's sacrifice, the lamb, but rejected Cain's sacrifice, which was the fruit of his labor. Explain to the person with whom you are sharing that the lamb is a substitue for man and represents the coming of Christ. The fruit of Cain's labor was reresentative simply of good works, and was not sufficient to meet God's requirement. &lt;br /&gt;In Genesis 22, Abraham takes his son as a sacrifice in obedience to God's command: "And He said, 'Take now your son, your only son, whom you love, Issac, and go to th land of MOriah; and offer him there as a burnt offering on one of th mountains of which I will tell you" (Genesis 22:2). What does this mean? Why would God have asked such a thing? Discuss the passage together, focusing especially on the picture of God providing a ram miraculously as a substitue for Abraham's son. Abraham had lifted his knife and was ready to kill his son, but what happend instead? He heard a voice saying, "Abraham! ... Do not stretch out your hand against the lad, and do nothing to him; for now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me" (Genesis 22:12). What would have happend had Abraham not listened? His son would have been killed. But Abraham believed and took instead the ram, which he sacrificed in the place of his son. You can explain that the ram represents Jesus Christ, and we can look back 20000 years ago and see Him on th cross for you and me. Turn to John 1:29, where John the Baptist proclaims, "Behold! The Lamb of God who takes the sins of the world!" Jesus is th Lamb of God. &lt;br /&gt;In addressing the issue of Christ's death further, I strongly suggest you read through ISaiah 53, which very clearly speaks about teh coming of Christ and the redemption fo mankind - Jesus Himself bearing our sins on th ecross, Himself being the sacrafice. The entire chapter talks about Jesus, but you should focus especially on verses 4 through 12. Take time to underline all the prophecies regarding Him. If possible, let the person you're sharing with read the passage for himself, out loud. I have ahd dozens and dozens of Muslims read that chapter aloud and every time I ask them, "Who do you think th eprophet Isaiah is talking about here?" No one has ever given a wrong answer. THey say, "It is Jesus, son of Mary. Christians Arabs call him "Yassoua," which is taken from "Yashoua," the Hewbrew name for Jesus, while Muslims call Him "Issa," taken from "Yssus," the Greek name for Jesus. Take this opportunity to show him that what was prophesied in Isaiah was fulfilled in the person of Christ nearly 600 years later. &lt;br /&gt;Another important thing to point out here is that "the Lord was pleased" (verse 10) to offer Christ as a sacrafice for man's sin. God is just; He said in Romans 6:23, "For the wages of sin is death," which is eternal seperation from God. However, God is also merciful. He would not allow the whole world to go to hell. From the moment man fell, the death of Christ was planned as the solution for sin. &lt;br /&gt;Now there are those who would question the necessity of Christ's death on the cross, citing good works as a means of atonement for one's sin. But suppose I stole your watch, and you caught me, brought me to th epolice and turned me in. Suppose further that because of this, the police sentenced me to five days in jail. Could I get out by saying "Wait a minute. I bought him lunch yesterday, paid for his subway and everything!" Would the police accept it? Of course not! It's not logical. Good works alone are not sufficent payment for one's crimes. &lt;br /&gt;I will often use the illustration of the just judge: A judge is sitting in the courtroom, wearing his judicial robe, and a young girl stand before him. She has been charged with driving without a license and speeding down the highway, for which th epenalty is ten thousand francs. HE points his finger at her and asks, "Are you guilty or not?" To which she answers," Yes, Your Honor: But I cannot afford to pay the penalty." The judge, however, tells her, "You must pay!" An with that dismisses the court. He then steps down from the bench, takes off his robe and gives the girl ten thousand francs. Why? Because he is her father, and while he could not dishonor his name by letting her go free, he is also meriful and loving and could not bear to see her piut in jail because of her inability to pay. The only solution, therefore, is for him to pay the penalty himself. &lt;br /&gt;In the same way, we can see how Christ has paid the penalty for OUR sin in Philippians 2, verses 5 through 11: Christ, being equal with God, nevertheless emptied Himself, taking off the robe of heavenly glory and coming down as a man to bear the cross. At the cross, hte justice and the mercy of God met together, and both were satisfied. Ask the person with whom you are sharing, "What would you think of God if for thousands of years He promised that Jesus would come and die for the sins of th world, and at the last moment, when Jesus was abnout to be put on the cross, He took him alive and changed Judas into the image of Christ? Does this description fit the God we know?" Not only would this make God out to be a liar, but also there would have been no provision for man's sin! Jesus was the only sacrifice sufficent for man's salvation.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;C. If Jesus died on the cross, and if Jesus is God, does that mean that God died on the cross also? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Gospel of John, chapter 4, we are told that God is Spirit. In the originial Hebrew language, Spirit is "roh." from this word, the word "rihe" is taken, which is also the air in th eatmosphere. Air is everywhere. Though you cannot see it, you know it is present: you can feel it, you breathe it, even though it has no color or shape. The same thing is true with th Spirit of God - He is present everywhere. &lt;br /&gt;If you take an empty bottle, you know that it is empty of any liquid, yet it is filled with air. The air that's inside the bottle, furthermore, has taken the shape of the bottle, even though the air has no shape. THe characteristics of the air inside the bottle are identical to the air outside the bottle. The fact that there is air inside the bottle does not mean there is none outside the bottle, because air exists weverywhere in the atmosphere. Now, if you were to take the bottle today, and smash it against the wall, it would break into hundreds of little pieces. It would be shattered. Can we say that the air inside the bottle would also be shattered? No. Only the vessel that contained the air has been shattered. &lt;br /&gt;The same thing took place when God, who is Spirit, dwelt among us in th body of Jesus Christ. God took the likeness of man. That does not mean that HE no longer existed. Rather, like the air when it filled the bottle, God still exists everwhere. Furthermroe, Jesus' crucifixion on the cross does not mean that God was killed, but rather that the body, which contained the Spirit of God, was killed. God has always existed, even during th thre day sin which Jesus was dead in the tomb. This is exactly what the Apostle Paul has written in his espistle to the Philippians, chapter 2, verses 5-11: &lt;br /&gt;"Have this attitude in yourselves, which was also in Christ Jesus, who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. &lt;br /&gt;And being found in appearence as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore, also God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knew should bow, of those who are in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus is Lord,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;The Trinity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final major issue which must be addressed with the Muslim is that of the Trinity. Muslims often say, "You Christians believe in three different gods - God the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. That is blasphemy! ONe cannot believe in three different gods." &lt;br /&gt;The task of helping a Muslim unerstand teh Trinity is not an easy one- there are even many Christians who have a hard time explaining it. Take a molecule of h2O for example: It manifests itself in three different forms, liquid water, solid ice and vaporous steam; but it is the same substance. Others use the sun illustration: the glowing ball of gasses itself, the source, as representing God the Father; the radiating light represents Christ, th elight of the world; and the heat that we feel representing the work of the Holy Spirit. &lt;br /&gt;Regaurdless of which illustration you use, it's important to use the Word of God itself. BEgin by establishing our belief in only one God - 1 Corinthians 8:4 says, "there is no God but one," - and then follow up with sharing as many verses as possible which illustrate the Trinity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please remember that this is not an argument we are trying to win, nor are we out to prove the other person wrong. Rather, it is th eGospel we wish to arguments share and explain to th eMuslim. Avoid all forms of and debates and seek to explain the Gospel and answer any questions a Muslim may have, especially pertaining to the five basic issues discussed here. As Peter said in his epistle: &lt;br /&gt;1 Peter 3:15 "...but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence." &lt;br /&gt;As we give an answer, let us trust that the Word of God, which is living and active, will minister to our friends through the power of th Holy Spirit and lead them to know the Way, the Truth, and the life through Jesus Christ our Lord. &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;This book was written in Lebanon. The author is unknown. If you have any further questions, feel free to post it on our mesageboard by clicking on the link to the right. I hope you learned a lot durring our time together, it was an honor to be able to make this availible to you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;QUESTIONS FREQUENTLY ASKED BY AOUR BROTHER MUSLIMS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Were did Jesus say I am God &lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;N O W H E R E does Jesus say "I am God, worship me."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppose a man does indeed come up to you and does says, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am God, worship me." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Would you believe him? &lt;br /&gt;Would you worship him?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The immediate reaction of any decent monotheistic believer &lt;br /&gt;would be to call the person making such a claim an impostor &lt;br /&gt;and a blasphemer. If that is your reaction too, then why&lt;br /&gt;would you demand something from Jesus which you aren't going to&lt;br /&gt;accept anyway? Most would declare insane anybody who would make&lt;br /&gt;such a statement. Jesus knows about this natural reaction as &lt;br /&gt;well as anybody else and saw no reason to make his claims in &lt;br /&gt;such a foolish way. But he did make the claim in indirect ways&lt;br /&gt;and those are just as clear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maybe you are cautious and open and don't want to completely &lt;br /&gt;dismiss such a claim ... after all, saying that God is not &lt;br /&gt;able to come and appear in the form of a man does restrict his &lt;br /&gt;power, and you believe in an all powerful God, ... but you would &lt;br /&gt;at least demand conclusive proof for such a claim, wouldn't you? &lt;br /&gt;After all, if you do worship somebody who is not God you are &lt;br /&gt;guilty of idolatory. But refusing to worship God when he demands &lt;br /&gt;so is just as great a sin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What matters in the end is not the existence of this literal&lt;br /&gt;statement, but whether there is clear evidence that he is indeed &lt;br /&gt;God, no matter in which form he issued the claim. If there is &lt;br /&gt;clear proof for his divine identity, then you have to worship Him &lt;br /&gt;even if the wording of his commands is not precisely the way you &lt;br /&gt;may think they should be. We cannot prescribe for God how&lt;br /&gt;he has to reveal himself before we accept it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For example, in the Gospel according to John, (speaking of &lt;br /&gt;eternal life) Jesus says, "I am the resurrection and the life. &lt;br /&gt;He who believes in me will live, even though he dies." &lt;br /&gt;(John 11:25). He makes the offer of eternal life conditional on &lt;br /&gt;faith in his own person. This would be blasphemous for anybody &lt;br /&gt;other than God. This is an incredible claim. Does he give any&lt;br /&gt;evidence for his authority to make such claims? The record &lt;br /&gt;gives many details of what happened at this particular day, but&lt;br /&gt;at the end we read, "When he had said this, Jesus called in a &lt;br /&gt;loud voice, `Lazarus, come out!' The dead mean came out, his &lt;br /&gt;hands and feet wrapped with strips of linen, and a cloth around &lt;br /&gt;his face. Jesus said to them, `Take off the grave clothes and &lt;br /&gt;let him go.'" (John 11:43-44).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you read the Gospels carefully you will find that &lt;br /&gt;consistently&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Jesus talks like he is God, &lt;br /&gt;* Jesus acts like he is God,&lt;br /&gt;* Jesus gives evidence for claiming this authority rightfully&lt;br /&gt;by performing miraculous signs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After 3 years with his disciples we read how one of them&lt;br /&gt;asks Jesus and wants to be "shown the Father (God)". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jesus answered, "Don't you know me, Philip, even after &lt;br /&gt;I have been among you such a long time? &lt;br /&gt;Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. ... &lt;br /&gt;Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the &lt;br /&gt;Father is in me; or at least believe on the evidence of the &lt;br /&gt;miracles themselves." (John 14:10-11).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jesus expected the disciples and the people around him to &lt;br /&gt;recognise his true nature and identity from his words which &lt;br /&gt;are only appropriate for God to speak and from his deeds. &lt;br /&gt;Jesus does give enough proof and then lets you draw your own &lt;br /&gt;conclusions. Everybody could make the claim to be God. And &lt;br /&gt;many have made claims to be (a) god throughout history. Only &lt;br /&gt;the true God can give true evidence for it and if you have &lt;br /&gt;the evidence there is no need for the explicit command to &lt;br /&gt;worship anymore. The statement "I am God" adds nothing of &lt;br /&gt;substance to the question regarding his identity. His real &lt;br /&gt;identity is established by the proof he gives, not by claims &lt;br /&gt;each and everybody can make. After he has given the evidence, &lt;br /&gt;there is no more need for the statement. Those who are open &lt;br /&gt;for the truth will recognise the evidence, those who ignore &lt;br /&gt;the evidence won't be convinced either if he adds this &lt;br /&gt;specific statement you seem to demand from him. And if you&lt;br /&gt;have recognized his true identity, worshiping him is only &lt;br /&gt;proper and will nearly be an "automatic" response.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know this is an incredible thought, it is unbelievable.&lt;br /&gt;That is why it took even the disciples themselves such a&lt;br /&gt;long time to really understand it. They have really only &lt;br /&gt;started to comprehended the meaning of it all after Jesus' &lt;br /&gt;own death and resurrection, after they meet the risen Lord.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Gospel according to John, end of chapter 20, and &lt;br /&gt;the Gospel according to Matthew, end of chapter 28, we read &lt;br /&gt;how Jesus receives worship and affims this. Even though he&lt;br /&gt;never demands the worship, he accepts it and confirms it as&lt;br /&gt;proper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You claim:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;N O W H E R E Jesus says "I am God, worship me."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and understand this as &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NOwhere Jesus says "I am God, worship me."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and you are right when taking it the literalistic way. He never &lt;br /&gt;says these very words. But he makes his claims very clear in &lt;br /&gt;many other ways. Open your eyes and you will see that the right &lt;br /&gt;way to read this statement is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.the errors that are in the bible&lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;Let me use the very spelling error you make in your question to explain this matter. It is not "scribble errors" it is "scribal errors". It comes from the word "scribe" which is the name of the persons who were copying the texts and teaching them. Among the Jews the scribes usually were also the teachers of the Law, in the NT period scribes often were professional copyist and might not have understood all they copied and this fact accounts for a number of the errors they made. [But it also shows that there was no deliberate distortion. In order to distort deliberately you have to know what you are writing.] &lt;br /&gt;We have thousands of manuscripts and the errors can be detected by comparing the manuscripts because not everybody makes the same error at the same place. &lt;br /&gt;Let us suppose we have 5 manuscripts and they read in a particular sentence: &lt;br /&gt;Several of the copyist of the text make some scribal errors.&lt;br /&gt;Several of the copist of the text made some scribal errors.&lt;br /&gt;Several of the copyist of the text made some scribal errors.&lt;br /&gt;Several of the copyist of the text made some scribble errors.&lt;br /&gt;Several of the copyist of the text made some scrible errors. &lt;br /&gt;What would you conclude is the true text? &lt;br /&gt;Well, to any reasonable person it would be clear that the copyist is original and "copist" is a copy-error / misspelling. Furthermore, the their activity was not "scribbling" but copying and the adjective to 'scribe' (the name of their profession) is 'scribal', so 'scribal' was original and the one who wrote "scribble" was only seeing the 'scrible', recognized it was wrong and thought it was a copy error of the word 'scribble' instead of 'scribal'. Because he misunderstood where the mistake came from he made an wrong 'correction'. The context will make clear that we are talking about a past action, so it is 'made' instead of 'make'. &lt;br /&gt;And even though only the third line [of five versions] is error free, we can with absolute confidence conclude what the original correct text was. &lt;br /&gt;And because we usually do have several hundred handwritten old copies we have many with the correct version and also many with errors but the textual critics can trace the errors pretty well and with very high confidence establish the original text. And the above example also shows, that even with the lines containing the error, the message was clear and the same in all of them. &lt;br /&gt;BECAUSE the Christians didn't burn their books therefore we can restore the original text even from "corrupted" manuscripts. That is an important difference between Bible and Qur'an. &lt;br /&gt;I venture to say: There is NO handwritten copy of the Qur'an which doesn't have such errors too. &lt;br /&gt;BUT: For Muslims it is impossible to establish the original text because all the variants were burned under Uthman and Muslim scholars are stuck with the scribal errors made by Zaid. Muslims don't have anything to compare this version of the text with to find what might have been a scribal error. It is virtually impossible to write several hundred pages by hand and NOT make any copy errors. &lt;br /&gt;Out of over 15,000 lines in the New Testament only 40 are in some doubt. All others are established above all reasonable doubt. And no Christian doctrine depends on any of the doubtful lines. Christian scholars honestly admit that there are some doubts about the text of the New Testament. That is then seized by the Muslims in order to doubt the whole text and message. But taking a fair view at the data we have, it is clear that the massive information from the many manuscripts of the New Testament is a far more reliable witness to the faithful transmission of our scripture than anything Muslims can show for their book. And especially since the Qur'anic variants were burned you will have to live with the nagging question that the others might have been indeed quite a bit different. And many of the variants can actually be found still today in the commentaries of the early Muslim scholars who still knew the other codices before they were burned. &lt;br /&gt;3.Why did Jesus had to die?&lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;Let me try a very short answer which I am sure will only produce more questions, but anyway. There are other parts of this web page which talk about the cross extensively, please have a look at the Cross of Christ page. &lt;br /&gt;Each of my statements would need the backup of references in the Bible, (given in the reference above) but you wanted an explanation in my own words. &lt;br /&gt;1) The Bible is full of strong statements about the holiness of God. &lt;br /&gt;2) God made it very clear, before the first sin, that the consequence of sin is death, and that is reiterated throughout the Bible. &lt;br /&gt;3) Sin is rebellion against the highest authority. It is an offense against God's holiness and right to institute all laws. It is basically saying that we know better what is right and wrong and we disregard God's authority. &lt;br /&gt;4) When God doesn't want to dilute the seriousness of his commands by "just forgiving it without penalty" which would compromise his own holiness, then transgression has to find its punishment. &lt;br /&gt;5) But God is not only holy and just, he is full of love and does not want that any should perish. &lt;br /&gt;6) Even in our court system, if a person is fined 500,000 dollars and unable to pay [we are fined (spiritual and physical) death - but if we have to pay that is the end of us] then it is acceptable if some other person comes in and pays the fine for the person. [we don't have the allowance for for substitution in the case of a life sentence for murder, but in case of a monetary fine it is usually not asked where the money is coming from. &lt;br /&gt;7) God's holiness and justice demands punishment of sin according to its seriousness of offense. God's love and mercy moved him to pay himself for it, since he doesn't want to destroy us although we would have deserved it. &lt;br /&gt;8) Jesus death on the cross is the substitutionary payment of all of sins death penalty of mankind. If I accept the substitution, then I am free. If I insist to face God on my own terms, then I will have to bear the just condemnation of my sin myself. &lt;br /&gt;9) Why the cross? God could have done it different ways. Why crucifixion and not stoning? This question is not answered. The why of the death of Jesus and its meaning and effect is clearly answered in the Bible. This shameful and horrible death is appropriate for the shamefulness and horridness of the sin punished. And the earlier prophets have predicted much of the cross in their writings. You might want to check out my article at the above mentioned web page. &lt;br /&gt;The same holds for questions on the Biblical evidence for all these claims. &lt;br /&gt;There you will also see that the Gospel = the "message of Christ crucified and raised" &lt;br /&gt;(2) Could a mere human have served the purpose? &lt;br /&gt;"No", because there was no human who has not his own sin to bear. Only one without sin could be the substitute for others. Only if I am not already in debt myself and bankrupt, can I pay the penalty for any other. So, "theoretically" if there had been a sinless human being who was nothing but a human being, then yes. [at least that is how I see it]. But there was none, because all have sinned and have defiled themselves with their rebellion against God in many small and big disobediences. It is very much like the story of Abraham, who is called to sacrifice his son, but then God himself provides the substitute in the place of the one who was to die. In the same manner, Jesus is the substitutionary lamb who died in our place so that we may live. &lt;br /&gt;So: "Yes", a mere human would have been enough, but there was none. The problem is not in being human or not, the problem is in purity or rather the lack of it in any human. &lt;br /&gt;(3) What portion (molecule, percentage, etc.) of God died on the cross? If only the human aspect of Jesus "died," what is the big deal? &lt;br /&gt;God is spirit, and not matter. God has created molecules, but he does not consist of molecules. And it does not make sense to talk about percentages of the infinite. &lt;br /&gt;Well, God can not die by definition. But the problem is that you can not "neatly" separate God and man in Jesus. Jesus is (God who became) man, real man, not just a fake appearance of a human being. And this MAN Jesus died. I don't say that is an easy concept. I have not "invented" it. That is what is revealed in God's Word. But I can try to understand it better and better by thinking about that which is revealed. &lt;br /&gt;The big deal is, that he died for me so that I might have forgiveness of my sins and be reconciled with the Holy God. &lt;br /&gt;(4) If a mere human could not serve the purpose, and no portion of God died on the cross, how could the goal be accomplished? &lt;br /&gt;I think the question has been answered in the above. The perfect and pure human being Jesus [who happens to be God incarnate] was serving the purpose and served it perfectly. &lt;br /&gt;I hope that these explanations do help at least a bit&lt;br /&gt;4.Why did Jesus call himself son of man&lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;Jesus says (in the Gospel according to John chapter 5):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21 For just as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the&lt;br /&gt;Son gives life to whom he is pleased to give it.&lt;br /&gt;22 Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to&lt;br /&gt;the Son,&lt;br /&gt;23 that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father. He who does&lt;br /&gt;not honor the Son does not honor the Father, who sent him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son to&lt;br /&gt;have life in himself.&lt;br /&gt;27 And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man.&lt;br /&gt;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The final judgement [i.e. the judgment of Judgment Day] is in the hand&lt;br /&gt;of Jesus according to his own words. Is that claim enough to his status&lt;br /&gt;as Deity?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Son of Man" seems to be a pretty important title. A more detailed look &lt;br /&gt;at the meaning of this title you can find under the articles on the &lt;br /&gt;Trinity, part 1 on the deity of Christ. &lt;br /&gt;A vision and prophecy of Prophet Daniel is the source of this title. &lt;br /&gt;And observe how many attributes are given in the same way to God and to &lt;br /&gt;the one like a son of man. There seems to be some intimate relationship.&lt;br /&gt;5.How did God die&lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;Nowhere in the Bible does it say, "God died" as far as I can remember. I agree that would be paradoxical. God is the source of all life, he is life itself. &lt;br /&gt;Do you believe when Muhammad died, his soul and spirit died? Or do you believe his body died and his soul is alive and in paradise? &lt;br /&gt;God did not die, but the body, which he had taken on when he became human, this body died a real human death and a very cruel one indeed. &lt;br /&gt;And Jesus was a real man, not like an angel who can take on "bodily form" for a while and then disappear again. Jesus incarnated into is body, he was conceived, he was born, he was real man. And as man, he was in anguish and suffered and was in pain on the cross. And the load of all the sin of the world on him, all "eternity of hell" on him, that did for sure give him the taste of forsakenness by God [the Father]. That Jesus was not really forsaken is proven by the resurrection. But since he took up our sin, he had the penalty of "God forsakenness" and he cried out under it. I don't think any human being can imagine what it must mean to be judged by God for the sin of the whole world. And no human being would have to if he will accept the substitutionary sacrifice and offer of God to go free because of it. &lt;br /&gt;6.How did God became human?&lt;br /&gt;Answer,&lt;br /&gt;The classical argument is: &lt;br /&gt;1. God views sin seriously, and a price must be paid to atone for sin. &lt;br /&gt;2. Only a human may pay it, because it is humanity which has sinned. &lt;br /&gt;3. Only God is able to pay it, because humans are imperfect. &lt;br /&gt;4. Therefore the only way that humans' sin may be paid for, is by God becoming a person, and paying the price as a person. &lt;br /&gt;We might also add that by becoming a man, God&lt;br /&gt;(a) showed us how to live and&lt;br /&gt;(b) partook in human suffering.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore God is not a "do as I say, not as I do" God. &lt;br /&gt;7.Daity of Christ&lt;br /&gt;Questions and answers &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #1: "WHY DO CHRISTIANS COVER UP THEIR ABSURD TEACHINGS ABOUT GOD BY CALLING THEM ‘A MYSTERY’? ISLAM IS CLEAR IN SAYING GOD IS ONE!" (Western converts to Islam often express their relief to find that, "Islam's teaching about God is straight forward, and void of the ‘mysteries’ of Christianity, such as the trinity and the deity of Christ, which never made sense to me.")&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER: If, after so many years of scientific research, the physical universe, in which we live, is still beyond our complete understanding, why should we think it strange that we cannot fully understand the invisible Creator of this universe? In fact if we could completely understand God, then we would be equal to Him! The Bible tells us: &lt;br /&gt;As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts. (Isaiah 55:8,9)&lt;br /&gt;How unsearchable his judgments and his paths beyond tracing out. (Romans 11:33)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #2: "DO YOU BELIEVE IN THREE GODS?"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #1: "Jesus Himself said that God is One": Someone asked him about the commandments of God : "‘The most important one,’ answered Jesus, ‘is this: "Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one."’" (Mark 12:29)&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #2: "The Bible categorically states 28 times that God is One!":&lt;br /&gt;• In the Torah (Taurat): Deut. 6:4,5 - "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength." (see also Deut. 4:35; Deut. 4:39; I Kings 8:60; 2 Kings 19:19); &lt;br /&gt;• In the Psalms (Zabur): Ps. 86:10 - "For you are great and do marvelous deeds; you alone are God." &lt;br /&gt;• In the books of the prophets: Isaiah 44:6,8 - "This is what the Lord says ... I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God." "You are my witnesses. Is there any God besides me? No, there is no other Rock; I know not one." (see also Is. 37:16; Is. 37:20; Is. 43:10,11; Is. 44:24; Is. 45:5; Is. 45:6; Is. 45:18; Is. 45:21; Is. 46:9; Is. 48:12; Hosea 13:4) &lt;br /&gt;• In the New Testament (Injil): 1 Tim. 2:5,6a - "For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all men." (see also Mark 12:29; John 5:44; Rom. 3:30; I Cor. 8:4; Eph. 4:6; I Tim. 1:17; James 2:19; Jude 25) &lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #3: God created all things by Himself: I am the Lord, who has made all things, who alone stretched out the heavens, who spread out the earth by myself. (Isaiah 44:24). He uses several metaphors to describe how He did it: &lt;br /&gt;• by His Wisdom: I, wisdom, dwell together with prudence ... The Lord brought me forth as the first of his works, before his deeds of old; I was appointed from eternity, from the beginning, before the world began. When there were no oceans, I was given birth ... I was there when he set the heaven in place ... Then I was the craftsman as his side... (Proverbs 8:1-31) Did God ever exist without wisdom? No! Did God create his own wisdom? No! God's wisdom is "from eternity, from the beginning." God's wisdom was "brought forth" at the time of creation, and by His wisdom God created everything. But God made the earth by his power; he founded the world by his wisdom and stretched out the heavens by his understanding. (Jeremiah 10:12) &lt;br /&gt;• by His Right Hand: My own hand laid the foundations of the earth and my right hand spread out the heavens. (Isaiah 48:13) Does this mean that God's right hand created instead of God Himself? Of course not! God created everything by His right hand - by His power. &lt;br /&gt;• by The Breath of His Mouth: By the word of the Lord were the heavens made, their starry host by the breath of his mouth ... For he spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm. (Psalm 33:6,9) These verses clearly show that the breath of God's mouth and God's word are the same. &lt;br /&gt;• by His Word: In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God, and the word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. (John 1:1-3) The Word of God is the communication or manifestation of God. God's Word is God Himself; not a second God. The Word was "with" God (two?) and yet the Word "was" God (one)! Now notice verse 14: The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, Who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. Somehow, by the power of God, God's eternal word ‘became’ a human being like us named Jesus! (God can do anything!) Jesus is God's word, the breath of His mouth, His right hand and His wisdom, through whom all things were created. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #3: "HOW CAN JESUS BE GOD? WHY DO YOU BLASPHEME BY CALLING JESUS ‘GOD’?"&lt;br /&gt;GENERAL ANSWER: Explanation from John 1:1-3,14: "The eternal Word of God, which was with God (seems like two) in the beginning, also was God (one; not two). Everything Allah created, He created by saying, ‘Be!’ - He created everything by His Word. Allah's Word is not another God; Allah's Word is Allah's communication of Himself. Can Allah exist without His Word? Was there ever a time when Allah's Word did not exist? It is like my word or communication, which is in one sense a part of me, but is not a second being, separate from me. So Allah is One, and He has Word, which comes out from Him and communicates Him. Jesus is ‘Kalamat Ullah,’ the Word of Allah, who came out from Allah and came into the world as a human being. God in His sovereignty chose to reveal Himself to us - by His Word, Who became a human being and lived among us, having become one of us."&lt;br /&gt;THERE ARE REALLY THREE PARTS TO THIS QUESTION:&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #3a: "HOW CAN JESUS BE GOD WHEN HE DID THINGS GOD DOESN'T/WON'T DO? After all: &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus talked about God as His God, but God has no God. &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus prayed to God instead of to himself. &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus got hungry and thirsty (Matt. 4:2; John 19:28), but God never gets hungry or thirsty (Psalm 50:9-13; Acts 17:25). &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus was tempted by the devil (Matt.4:1 &amp; Heb.4:15), but God cannot be tempted (James 1:13). &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus got tired (John 4:6; Matthew 8:24), but God doesn't get tired (Psalm 121:4; Isaiah 40:28). &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus learned obedience and grew up into a mature and perfect man (Hebrews 5:9), but God never changes (James 1:17). &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus was born and also died, but God is everlasting." &lt;br /&gt;ANSWER: #1: "The description of Jesus we read in the Injil is the description of One Who ‘became’ a human being. Notice it does not say that a man somehow become God; it says Allah's eternal Word became a man. In Hebrews 2:17 it says Jesus became like us ‘in every way’ - bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh! Therefore, because He became a real human being just like us, He did things we do. If he didn't do those things he wouldn't really be one of us.&lt;br /&gt;"Jesus is Almighty God, but for our sake when He became a man He chose to no longer function as God. He is still God and could use His powers as God, but chose instead to only function as a man.&lt;br /&gt;"As a human being, He was born, grew in knowledge and maturity, got hungry &amp; thirsty, got tired and sleepy, prayed to His ‘Father’ in heaven, was tempted in every way that we are (but he never sinned), and died (but God raised Him up victorious over death). All these things prove He became a real human being. Jesus is not an apparition nor was he just pretending to be a man. As a human being, he had all of our needs and limitations, except for our sinful, fallen nature. One reason He is called the ‘last Adam’ (1 Cor.15:45) is because he became just like Adam was before he sinned."&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #3b: "HOW CAN JESUS BE GOD AND MAN AT THE SAME TIME? How can he be on earth praying to God in heaven, talking about God as ‘my Father’ and He and the Father still be one God?"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #2: "God can do anything! Just as in the act of creation, God's eternal Word came out of Him when He spoke to create all things (but He did not become two gods), so when he spoke His eternal Word into the virgin Mary, God's Word remained God and at the same time became a man like us. Jesus never stopped being almighty Allah's Eternal Word. It says, ‘The Word became flesh ...’ (John 1:14); not ‘The Word changed to flesh.’ He is not sometimes God and sometimes man, nor is He half God and half man. He is both fully God and fully human at the same time!"&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #3c: "BUT WHAT NEED WOULD GOD HAVE TO DO SUCH A THING? He doesn't need Jesus or anyone else to die for us. God can forgive whomever He wants to forgive!"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #3:&lt;br /&gt;1. God's Love: One of God's greatest attributes is love. True love is self giving (not taking) for the sake of another. God gave Himself to us in order to forgive us and save us from eternal judgement/death. &lt;br /&gt;... he too shared in their humanity (flesh and blood) so that by his death he might destroy ... the devil and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death ... (Hebrews 2:14,15)&lt;br /&gt;He learned obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect he became the source of eternal salvation ... (Hebrews 5:8,9)&lt;br /&gt;2. God's Justice: God's justice requires Him to do this. The Bible teaches that although God has the power to do anything ("For nothing is impossible with God". - Luke 1:37), He cannot do things like lie ("...it is impossible for God to lie..." - Heb. 6:18) or be unfaithful to His promises ("If we are faithless, he will remain faithful, for he cannot disown himself." - 2 Tim. 2:13) because He would be violating his own character and would no longer be God! He would self-destruct! To illustrate this, suppose I were to steal a very valuable item from your home and sell it to buy drugs or to gamble, and by the time you found me I had already wasted all the money. If I were then to confess my sin and beg your forgiveness, you would have a choice of either forgiving me and absorbing the loss or gaining some satisfaction by having me arrested and prosecuted. If you chose to forgive me, the cost of your forgiveness would be the value of the item I stole from you plus the shame of being burglarized. You would have to be willing to accept all that loss by choosing to give it to me. Suppose the judge took pity on me and decided to forgive me. You would certainly feel that judge was unjust! My family and friends could not forgive me no matter how much they might love me. No one but you could forgive me unless someone was willing to pay you the full value of the item I stole from you and you were willing to accept payment as compensation. Forgiveness is never just a matter of words because it is never free! Forgiveness can only be given by the person who is willing to absorb the injury, loss or cost involved. God is certainly not an unjust judge who would simply declare us forgiven because He wants to. &lt;br /&gt;We seem to be faced with a dilemma. If God forgave our sins without giving us the full punishment according to His own law, He would be unjust and would be violating himself. But if we are not forgiven we could never endure the eternal punishment in hell that we deserve. Therefore, the eternal Word of God became a man (Jesus) so he could take our punishment upon himself (God cannot die, but a man can die). He did this so that he could forgive us and be just in doing so. "... God presented him (Jesus) as a sacrifice of atonement...He did it to demonstrate his justice at the present time, so as TO BE JUST and THE ONE WHO JUSTIFIES those who have faith in Jesus ..." (see Rom. 3:22-26).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OTHER BIBLE ANSWERS REGARDING THE DEITY OF CHRIST:&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #4: The greetings and salutations in the New Testament epistles seem to imply His deity in a unique way. All of these letters were written after Jesus had ascended to heaven and was no longer physically present with his people. Still the apostles presented him as:&lt;br /&gt;1. the co-author (with God the Father) of grace, peace, mercy and faith. Can these things come from a man? &lt;br /&gt;2. the co-sender of His apostles. Who else but God can send from heaven? &lt;br /&gt;3. our Savior in the same sentence where God is presented as our Savior. &lt;br /&gt;4. the one who is given glory for ever and ever. Who else but God can receive glory for ever and ever? &lt;br /&gt;5. one with whom we have fellowship just like we have fellowship with the Father, even though he is in heaven. &lt;br /&gt;6. the one who keeps us and brings us to eternal life. Can anyone but God do these things? &lt;br /&gt;HERE ARE THE VERSES:&lt;br /&gt;• "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ." (Rom. 1:7) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (I Cor. 1:3) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you." (I Cor. 16:23) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (II Cor. 1:2) &lt;br /&gt;• "May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all." (II Cor. 13:14) &lt;br /&gt;• "Paul, an apostle - sent not from men nor by man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father...Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Gal. 1:1-3) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, brothers." (Gal. 6:18) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Eph. 1:2) &lt;br /&gt;• "Peace to the brothers, and love with faith from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Eph. 6:23) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Phil. 1:2) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit." (Phil. 4:23) &lt;br /&gt;• "To the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (I Thess. 1:1) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you." (I Thess. 5:28) &lt;br /&gt;• "To the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace and peace to you from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (2 Thess. 1:1,2) &lt;br /&gt;• "Now may the Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times and in every way. The Lord be with all of you...The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all." (2 Thess. 3:16,18) &lt;br /&gt;• "Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the command of God our Savior and of Christ Jesus our hope...Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord." (I Tim. 1:1,2) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord." (2 Tim. 1:2) &lt;br /&gt;• "...by the command of God our Savior...Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior." (Titus 1:3,4) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (Philemon 3) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit." (Philemon 25) &lt;br /&gt;• "...through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen." (Heb. 13:21) &lt;br /&gt;• "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ." (James 1:1) &lt;br /&gt;• "who have been chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through the sanctifying work of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ..." (I Pet. 1:2) &lt;br /&gt;• "to those who through the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ have received a faith as precious as ours: Grace and peace be yours in abundance through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord." (2 Pet. 1:1,2) &lt;br /&gt;• "But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and forever! Amen." (2 Pet. 3:18) &lt;br /&gt;• "...And our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son, Jesus Christ." (I John 1:3) &lt;br /&gt;• "Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and from Jesus Christ, the Father's Son, will be with us in truth and love." (2 John 3) &lt;br /&gt;• "To those who have been called, who are loved by God the Father and kept by Jesus Christ..." (Jude 1) &lt;br /&gt;• "Keep yourselves in God's love as you wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you to eternal life." (Jude 21) &lt;br /&gt;• "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with God's people. Amen." (Rev. 22:21) &lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #5: Study of Philippians 2:6-8: We read that Jesus, ‘being in very nature (morphae) God ... made himself nothing, taking the very nature (morphae) of a servant, being made in human likeness.’" Notice how the eternal God took upon Himself the very nature of a servant in becoming a man.&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER #6: When did Jesus begin to exist?:&lt;br /&gt;• He was before John the Baptist (the prophet Yahyah) even though he was born 3 months after him. "This is the one I meant when I said, A man who comes after me has surpassed me because he was before me" (John 1:29,30). He is both before and after John; both God and man! &lt;br /&gt;• He was before David who lived about 1000 BC. Jesus was born in the lineage of King David, but he is called, "I am the root and the offspring of David" (Revelation 22:16) because he existed before Him. He is both before and after David; both God and man! &lt;br /&gt;• He was before Abraham who lived about 2000 BC. Jesus said, "before Abraham was born I AM." (John 8:58). "I AM" = "Jahwah." He is both before and after Abraham; both God and man! &lt;br /&gt;• He was before the world began. Jesus said,"And now Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory I had with you before the world began." (John 17:5). He is both God and man! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #4: "WHY WAS IT NECESSARY FOR JESUS TO BE BORN WITHOUT A HUMAN FATHER?"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER: Jesus was born of Mary so that he could be truly human, "bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh." It was necessary for him to be born without a human father in order to reveal his divine origin - to show he is from heaven; the eternal Word of God made flesh (John 1:13-14).&lt;br /&gt;• "The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second man from heaven." (I Cor. 15:47) &lt;br /&gt;• "... the one who came from heaven ... The one who comes from above ..." (John 3:13,31) &lt;br /&gt;• "...He who comes down from heaven ... For I have come down from heaven ..." (John 6:33,38) &lt;br /&gt;• "I am the living bread that came down from heaven." (John 6:51) &lt;br /&gt;• "... I am from above ... for I came from God." (John 8:23,42)&lt;br /&gt;[also many times Jesus said his heavenly "Father" had sent him] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #5: "ISN'T ALLAH FAR ABOVE ALL HUMAN EMOTIONS? Isn't it wrong for us to sing or laugh in our worship of Allah? Isn't Allah above such human emotions as laughter, joy, grief, or love?"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER: More and more I am impressed with the truth of God's emotional make up. I have started collecting verses that talk about His grief, envy, jealousy, wrath, hate, rejoicing, singing, laughing, pleasure, delight, compassion and love. God has all these emotions, and we have them because we were created in His image. God is not like a human being; rather humans are like God! We sing, laugh, cry, get angry, grieve and rejoice because God does!&lt;br /&gt;grief - Eph. 4:30 &amp; Gen. 6:6&lt;br /&gt;envy - James 4:5&lt;br /&gt;jealousy - Ex. 20:5&lt;br /&gt;wrath - Ephesians 5:6; Colossians 3:6&lt;br /&gt;hatred - Isaiah 61:8; Malachi 2:16&lt;br /&gt;rejoicing - Zeph. 3:17 &amp; Is. 62:5&lt;br /&gt;singing - Zeph. 3:17&lt;br /&gt;laughter - Psalm 2:4&lt;br /&gt;pleasure - Isaiah 42:21; Matt. 3:17; Psalm 51:18&lt;br /&gt;delight - Psalm 35:27; 147:11; Zeph. 3:17&lt;br /&gt;compassion - Hosea 11:8; 2 Corinthians 1:3&lt;br /&gt;love - 1 John 4:7,8 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION #6: "HOW IS IT POSSIBLE FOR US TO HAVE AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP WITH ALMIGHTY GOD?"&lt;br /&gt;ANSWER: God is so great (Allah-u-Akbar) and His love is so complete, that He enables us to have a relationship with him more intimate than any human relationship! Just look at what God's Word says:&lt;br /&gt;• "This is what the high and lofty One says, He who lives forever, ‘I live in a high and holy place, but also with him who is contrite and lowly in spirit.’" (Isaiah 57:15) &lt;br /&gt;• "We proclaim to you what we have seen and heard, so that you also may have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father and with his son, Jesus Christ." (I John 1:3) &lt;br /&gt;• "this is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent." (John 17:3) &lt;br /&gt;• "For you did not receive a spirit that makes you a slave again to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship. And by him we cry, ‘Abba, Father.’ The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God's children." (Rom. 8:15,16) &lt;br /&gt;• "For who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the man's spirit within him? In the same way no one knows the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God. We have not received the Spirit of the world but the Spirit who is from God, that we may understand what God has freely given us." (I Cor. 2:11,12) &lt;br /&gt;8. Question:&lt;br /&gt;Christians believe that God inspired the entire Bible, and yet Paul admitted that not everything he wrote was inspired. For instance, Paul says in 1 Corinthians 7:25 that he hadn’t received any command from the Lord to write the specific instructions mentioned in that chapter, but was merely giving his own opinion. Doesn’t this passage itself disprove the Christian claim that the entire Bible is inspired?&lt;br /&gt;Answer:&lt;br /&gt;The Revised Standard Version (RSV) reads:&lt;br /&gt;"Now concerning the unmarried, I have no command of the Lord, but I give my opinion (gnomen) as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy."&lt;br /&gt;Paul clearly states what he writes in this passage is solely his opinion, which Muslims see as a denial of inspiration. A couple of comments are in order.&lt;br /&gt;First, the Greek word translated as "opinion" comes from the Greek word gnome. The online Thayer's Greek Dictionary defines it as: &lt;br /&gt;Strong's #1106: gnome &lt;br /&gt;AV - judgment 3, mind 2, purpose + 1096 1, advice 1, will 1,&lt;br /&gt;agree + 4160 + 3391 1; 9&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) the faculty of knowledge, mind, reason&lt;br /&gt;2) that which is thought or known, one's mind&lt;br /&gt;2a) view, judgment, opinion&lt;br /&gt;2b) mind concerning what ought to be done&lt;br /&gt;2b1) by one's self: resolve purpose, intention&lt;br /&gt;2b2) by others: judgment, advice&lt;br /&gt;2b3) decree&lt;br /&gt;(Source)&lt;br /&gt;As the lexicon demonstrates, the word may mean to give a judgment, decree, view or even an opinion. In this particular context, the word is best rendered as judgment since Paul wanted to avoid giving the believers a command that had to be carried out. Paul wanted to give advice that persons could follow if they wished but did not have to. &lt;br /&gt;With this in mind, it is helpful to mention that Paul was addressing the question of whether a person should get married or not in light of the crisis that the Corinthians were undergoing:&lt;br /&gt;"Because of the present crisis, I think that it is good for you to remain as you are. Are you married? Do not seek a divorce. Are you unmarried? Do not look for a wife. But if you do marry, you have not sinned; and if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. But those who marry will face many troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this." 1 Corinthians 7:26-28&lt;br /&gt;Christ, while on earth, never addressed the issue of whether persons were better off staying single if there were a crisis or tribulation. But as Christ’s spokesperson Paul could address such issues since he was given Divine authority to speak on matters not addressed by the earthly Christ. After all, the Lord Jesus personally gave the disciples, specifically the apostles and prophets, the right to pass on instructions that they had either received from him while he was with them or from the Holy Spirit: &lt;br /&gt;"He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives the one who sent me." Matthew 10:40&lt;br /&gt;"And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." Matthew 16:18-19&lt;br /&gt;"If your brother sins against you, go and show him his fault, just between the two of you. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, treat him as you would a pagan or a tax collector. I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. Again, I tell you that if two of you on earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by my Father in heaven. For where two or three come together in my name, there am I with them." Matthew 18:15-20&lt;br /&gt;"Then Jesus came to them and said, ‘All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.’" Matthew 28:18-20&lt;br /&gt;"I tell you the truth, whoever accepts anyone I send accepts me; and whoever accepts me accepts the one who sent me." John 13:20&lt;br /&gt;"But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you." John 14:26&lt;br /&gt;"Remember the words I spoke to you: ‘No servant is greater than his master.’ If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also. If they obeyed my teaching, they will obey yours also… When the Counselor comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father, he will testify about me. And you also must testify, for you have been with me from the beginning." John 15:20, 26-27&lt;br /&gt;"I have much more to say to you, more than you can now bear. But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come." John 16:12-13&lt;br /&gt;"Again Jesus said, ‘Peace be with you! As the Father has sent me, I am sending you.’ And with that he breathed on them and said, ‘Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.’" John 20:21-23&lt;br /&gt;"In my former book, Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach until the day he was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen. After his suffering, he showed himself to these men and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God. On one occasion, while he was eating with them, he gave them this command: ‘Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about. For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’" Acts 1:1-5&lt;br /&gt;In other words, Christ’s followers were given authority to address issues and make commands that would then become binding upon all true believers.&lt;br /&gt;An example of this can be found in Acts 15 and the Jerusalem council. There, the Apostles and elders convened to decide whether the Gentiles needed to observe the Mosaic commands, an issue never addressed by Christ while he was physically with them.&lt;br /&gt;Their decision was that, apart from a certain few restrictions, the Gentiles were not obligated to follow the Law of Moses:&lt;br /&gt;"When they finished, James spoke up: Brothers, listen to me. Simon has described to us how God at first showed his concern by taking from the Gentiles a people for himself. The words of the prophets are in agreement with this, as it is written: ‘After this I will return and rebuild David's fallen tent. Its ruins I will rebuild, and I will restore it, that the remnant of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who bear my name, says the Lord, who does these things that have been known for ages.’ It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. Instead we should write to them, telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood. For Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath. Then the apostles and elders, with the whole church, decided to choose some of their own men and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas. They chose Judas (called Barsabbas) and Silas, two men who were leaders among the brothers. With them they sent the following letter: The apostles and elders, your brothers, To the Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria and Cilicia: Greetings. We have heard that some went out from us without our authorization and disturbed you, troubling your minds by what they said. So we all agreed to choose some men and send them to you with our dear friends Barnabas and Paul-men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we are sending Judas and Silas to confirm by word of mouth what we are writing. It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond the following requirements: You are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things. Farewell." Acts 15:13-29&lt;br /&gt;This meant that all true believers had to now accept and follow the decisions of the Jerusalem Council. To reject their authority was to reject Christ.&lt;br /&gt;With the foregoing in mind, we can see why Paul could make commands or give suggestions to the Churches seeing that Christ had commissioned him to be his Apostle to the Gentiles.&lt;br /&gt;In fact, had the questioner read Paul’s statement in context s/he would have found the Apostle claiming to be inspired by the Holy Spirit to speak God’s revelations: &lt;br /&gt;"This is what we speak, not in words taught us by human wisdom but in words taught by the Spirit, expressing spiritual truths in spiritual words." 1 Corinthians 2:13&lt;br /&gt;"In my judgment, she is happier if she stays as she is – and I think that I too have the Spirit of God." 1 Corinthians 7:40&lt;br /&gt;"If anybody thinks he is a prophet or spiritually gifted, let him acknowledge that what I AM WRITING to you is the Lord's command. If he ignores this, he himself will be ignored." 1 Corinthians 14:37-38&lt;br /&gt;"since you are demanding proof THAT CHRIST IS SPEAKING THROUGH ME. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you". This is why I write these things when I am absent, that when I come I may not have to be harsh in my use of authority - the authority the Lord gave me for building you up, not for tearing you down." 2 Corinthians 13:3, 10&lt;br /&gt;"Surely you have heard about the administration of God's grace that was given to me for you, that is, the mystery made known to me by revelation, as I have already written briefly. In reading this, then, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ, which was not made known to men in other generations as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to God's holy apostles and prophets. This mystery is that through the gospel the Gentiles are heirs together with Israel, members together of one body, and sharers together in the promise in Christ Jesus." Ephesians 3:2-6&lt;br /&gt;Noted Evangelical Scholar and NT Commentator Craig L. Blomberg best sums up the meaning of Paul’s statements in 1 Corinthians 7:25 and 40:&lt;br /&gt;… Verse 25b parallels the parenthesis in verse 12. In each case, Paul cannot cite a word from the earthly Jesus but believes God is inspiring him to offer reliable counsel… ‘I think that I too have the Spirit of God’ (v. 40b) does not reflect any doubt on Paul’s part but represents a slightly sarcastic aside to the Corinthians, who felt that only they had attained spiritual insight. (Blomberg, The NIV Application Commentary - 1 Corinthians [Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids MI], pp. 151, 153-4; bold emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;JESUS EXULTED IN QURAN &lt;br /&gt;Muslims, and certain Islamic narrations, claim that Muhammad is the most exalted of all of Allah’s creatures. They believe that Allah has preferred Muhammad to the rest of the prophets and messengers. However, the Quran does not substantiate this assertion since there is someone else who is presented as being more exalted than Muhammad. In fact, this someone else is presented as superior to all other prophets according to the Quran.&lt;br /&gt;For instance, when the Quran mentions that Allah has preferred some apostles above certain others it specifically mentions Jesus and David:&lt;br /&gt;Those apostles We endowed with gifts, some above others: To one of them God spoke; others He raised to degrees (of honour); to Jesus the son of Mary We gave clear (Signs), and strengthened him with the holy spirit. If God had so willed, succeeding generations would not have fought among each other, after clear (Signs) had come to them, but they (chose) to wrangle, some believing and others rejecting. If God had so willed, they would not have fought each other; but God Fulfilleth His plan. S. 2:253 Y. Ali&lt;br /&gt;And it is your Lord that knoweth best all beings that are in the heavens and on earth: We did bestow on some prophets more (and other) gifts than on others: and We gave to David (the gift of) the Psalms. S. 17:55 Y. Ali&lt;br /&gt;Notice that Muhammad is not mentioned by name in either one of the citations. We shall see that it is not a coincidence that Jesus and David are mentioned instead.&lt;br /&gt;This next text supposedly quotes David and Solomon as saying:&lt;br /&gt;And We gave David and Solomon knowledge and they said, 'Praise belongs to God who has preferred us over many of His believing servants.' S. 27:15 Arberry&lt;br /&gt;Thus, Allah has preferred David and Solomon above many of his servants. As anyone reading the NT already knows, Jesus is a descendant of David:&lt;br /&gt;"the gospel concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh" Romans 1:3&lt;br /&gt;"Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, descended from David, as preached in my gospel," 2 Timothy 2:8&lt;br /&gt;By stating that Allah exalted David, the Quran is basically agreeing that God chose Jesus’ ancestors above all the rest, a point confirmed by this next text:&lt;br /&gt;Lo! Allah preferred Adam and Noah and the Family of Abraham and the Family of 'Imran above (all His) creatures. They were descendants one of another. Allah is Hearer, Knower. (Remember) when the wife of 'Imran said: My Lord! I have vowed unto Thee that which is in my belly as a consecrated (offering). Accept it from me. Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Hearer, the Knower! And when she was delivered she said: My Lord! Lo! I am delivered of a female - Allah knew best of what she was delivered - the male is not as the female; and lo! I have named her Mary, and lo! I crave Thy protection for her and for her offspring from Satan the outcast. S. 3:33-36 Pickthall&lt;br /&gt;The family of Imran whom Allah chose above all creatures is supposed to be the family of Jesus, specifically his mother’s parents. The Quran even identifies Mary as Imran’s daughter:&lt;br /&gt;And Mary the daughter of 'Imran, who guarded her chastity; and We breathed into (her body) of Our spirit; and she testified to the truth of the words of her Lord and of His Revelations, and was one of the devout (servants). S. 66:12 Y. Ali&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, Islamic traditions state that Allah answered the prayer of Jesus’ grandmother by making him and his mother the only ones whom Satan was unable to touch upon their births:&lt;br /&gt;Narrated Said bin Al-Musaiyab:&lt;br /&gt;Abu Huraira said, "I heard Allah's Apostle saying, 'There is none born among the off-spring of Adam, but Satan touches it. A child therefore, cries loudly at the time of birth because of the touch of Satan, EXCEPT MARY AND HER CHILD." Then Abu Huraira recited: "And I seek refuge with You for her and for her offspring from the outcast Satan" (3.36) (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 55, Number 641; see also Volume 4, Book 54, Number 506)&lt;br /&gt;But the Quran doesn’t stop there since it goes on to say that Jesus’ blessed mother is the most exalted of all women:&lt;br /&gt;And when the angels said, 'Mary, God has chosen thee, and purified thee; He has chosen thee above all women. S. 3:42 Arberry&lt;br /&gt;In the same Sura, Jesus is shown to have qualities and titles that no one else has such as being the only person called God’s Word and honoured in the next life:&lt;br /&gt;Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! God giveth thee glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honour in this world and the Hereafter and of (the company of) those nearest to God; He shall speak to the people in childhood and in maturity. And he shall be (of the company) of the righteous." She said: "O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man hath touched me?" He said: "Even so: God createth what He willeth: When He hath decreed a plan, He but saith to it, ‘Be,’ and it is! And God will teach him the Book and Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel, And (appoint him) an apostle to the Children of Israel, (with this message): ‘I have come to you, with a Sign from your Lord, in that I make for you out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, and breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by God's leave: And I heal those born blind, and the lepers, and I quicken the dead, by God's leave; and I declare to you what ye eat, and what ye store in your houses. Surely therein is a Sign for you if ye did believe; (I have come to you), to attest the Law which was before me. And to make lawful to you part of what was (Before) forbidden to you; I have come to you with a Sign from your Lord. So fear God, and obey me. It is God Who is my Lord and your Lord; then worship Him. This is a Way that is straight.’" 3:45-51 Y. Ali&lt;br /&gt;Here is what we have thus far gathered from the teaching of the Quran: &lt;br /&gt;• Allah has preferred some messengers above others. &lt;br /&gt;• David and Solomon are some of those messengers that Allah has chosen above the rest. &lt;br /&gt;• David is Jesus’ ancestor. &lt;br /&gt;• Allah has chosen Imran’s family above all creatures. &lt;br /&gt;• Imran is said to be Mary’s father, Jesus’ grandfather. &lt;br /&gt;• Allah has chosen Jesus’ mother Mary above all women. &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus is the only person explicitly said to be honored in the next world. &lt;br /&gt;• Jesus is given specific attributes and titles that are not given to any other messenger. &lt;br /&gt;What this all means is that it is not Muhammad that is the most exalted creature of all according to the Quran. Rather, Jesus is the one messenger, the one person, whom Allah has preferred and exalted above all the others. Allah has conferred upon Christ and his family an honor that has not been given to anyone else.&lt;br /&gt;We aren’t the only ones seeing it this way since there is one moderate Muslim writer who candidly admits that, according to the Quran, Jesus is the greatest of all prophets. Dr. Nader Pourhassan, after citing surahs 2:253, 3:42-46, and 59, says that:&lt;br /&gt;Moslem religious leaders try to isolate Muhammad from all other prophets by saying, "God kept the best for last." Again, this directly contradicts the Koran's teachings. The Koran says that some prophets have been given more than others - that some even talk to God. The example it gives is that of Jesus Christ, not Muhammad…&lt;br /&gt;These passages clearly show that God considered Jesus to be His best prophet, not Muhammad. After all, Jesus revealed himself to be a prophet from childhood, while Muhammad was not inspired until he was forty years old. The Koran relates a number of miracles from Jesus' childhood, but says nothing of this phase of Muhammad's life. The name "Christ" is also used. Unlike Jesus, Muhammad was not a special messenger of God, but a mere helper, who brought justice to the world, and glorified the name of Jesus by setting the record straight about his deeds on earth. His mission was also to eliminate the corruption of the message of those prophets who had gone before him. On the other hand, of Jesus it is said that he was created in a similar way to Adam…&lt;br /&gt;Bear in mind that when God announced His creation of Adam to the angels He commanded them to bow to him. (Pourhassan, The Corruption of Moslem Minds [Barbed Wire Publishing, Las Cruces, New Mexico 2002], pp. 34-35)&lt;br /&gt;Christian readers especially will be interested to learn that the Koran teaches that Jesus was God's best prophet, and that Christians will be placed above non-believers until the Day of Judgment... (Ibid., p. 61)&lt;br /&gt;Moslem religious leaders claim that Muhammad was the greatest prophet ever sent. If this was true, then God would have stated so in the Koran. Instead, when God talks of a prophet being greater than others, the name He mentions is that of Jesus. (Ibid., p. 101)&lt;br /&gt;We couldn’t have put it any better!&lt;br /&gt;Prostration as evidence of Quranic corruption&lt;br /&gt;Sam Shamoun&lt;br /&gt;Bassam Zawadi has produced a rather lengthy paper (*) attempting to disprove the claim that the Quran and the so-called authentic Islamic narratives confirm the authority and textual reliability of the Holy Bible.&lt;br /&gt;{Side note: It is rather amusing to see that the title that Zawadi chose for his paper, Evidence That Islam Endorses Textual Corruption of The Christian and Jewish Scriptures, actually says the opposite of what the author intended to say. The verb "to endorse" does not mean "to teach" or "to claim", but means "to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement; sanction" (source), "to approve openly; to express support or approval of publicly and definitely" (source). Zawadi's title states that Islam, instead of exposing or correcting the alleged corruptions, actually approves of and sanctions them. In other words, his title is implying that the primary sources of Islam accept that these so-called Biblical "corruptions" are actually from God, that these are inspired scribal corruptions!}&lt;br /&gt;In this recent "rebuttal" Zawadi has provided more evidence to support our assertion that not only is he incapable of understanding and accurately handling the Biblical text but he also grossly distorts and misunderstands his own Islamic sources.&lt;br /&gt;What makes this particular article rather ironic is that much of Zawadi’s post actually confirms and reinforces the conclusions reached in our own materials on this very issue, providing attestation for our exegesis of specific Quranic passages and narratives that deal specifically with the topic of Biblical authority, e.g. the meaning and exegesis of Q. 2:75-79. For details please consult the materials found here.&lt;br /&gt;In fact, we will even be using Zawadi’s citations from certain Muslim scholars in our future rebuttals and articles to support our exegesis of particular Quranic texts and Islamic reports. For that we want to thank him since he has done us all a great service by citing from a Muslim source which provides rough translations of specific Islamic quotes which otherwise would have remained unknown to the vast majority of Christians as well as English-speaking Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;Zawadi also provided a few narratives which, if true, actually backfire against his own beliefs in the authenticity and integrity of the Muslim scripture. The reasoning employed by these particular sources to discredit the Holy Bible can be used more forcefully against the textual veracity of the Quran.&lt;br /&gt;All of these points and assertions will become more evident in our current response as well in forthcoming rebuttals.&lt;br /&gt;In order to get the ball rolling, we provide here an example of a narration which can be used to disprove the textual purity and preservation of the Quran:&lt;br /&gt;Al-Hakim related in Al-Mustadrak the following Hadith...&lt;br /&gt;Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Abdullah As-Saffar told us: Ahmad Ibn Mahdi Ibn Rustum Al-Asfahani told us: Mu'azh Ibn Hisham Ad-Distwani told us: my father told me: Al-Qasim Ibn ‘Awf Ash-Shaybani told me: Mu'azh Ibn Jabal - radiya Allahu’anhu - told us that he went to Sham and saw the Christians prostrate to their Bishops and priests and saw the Jews prostrate to their Rabbis and scholars. He said, "Why do you do this?" they answered, "This is the greeting of Prophets (peace be upon him)". I said, "We better do this to our Prophet". Allah's Prophet - salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam - said, "They lied about their Prophets just as they distorted their Book. If I were to command anyone to prostrate to anyone, I would command woman to prostrate to her husband for his great right upon her. No woman will taste the sweetness of Faith till she does her husband's rights even if he asks herself while she is on a Qutub" (Al-Hakim commented, "This hadith is authentic according to standards of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, but they did not relate it" This hadith was also related by At-Tabarani in "Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir" vol. 8, p.31 but it includes An-Nahhas Ibn Fahm who is a weak narrator. Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal related it with a sound chain of transmission in his Musnad vol. 4, p. 381 (online source) with the following chain: ‘Abdullah told us: my father (Ibn Hanbal) told me: Mu'azh Ibn Hisham told us: my father told me: Al-Qasim Ibn ‘Awf - a man from Al-Kufa, one of Bani Murra Ibn Hammam - told me: Mu'azh Ibn Jabal - radiya Allahu’anhu - told us that .. and mentioned the hadith. This hadith has been authenticated by Ibn Hajar Al Haytami in his Majma' Al Zawaaid, Volume 4, page 312. He said of the narrators in the chain 'their men are men of authenticity') &lt;br /&gt;Notice that the Prophet peace be upon him is saying that the Christians and Jews distorted their books JUST AS they lied about their Prophets. The context of the situation is that the Christians and Jews said that bowing down to their priests and rabbis was the greeting of the Prophets. This is a forgery and a lie. Thus if they were to corrupt their books in the same way they would have made up lies in the Torah and Gospel by introducing false statements into it. &lt;br /&gt;Mu'azh Ibn Jabal … told us that he went to Sham and saw the Christians prostrate to their Bishops and priests and saw the Jews prostrate to their Rabbis and scholars. He said, "Why do you do this?" they answered, "This is the greeting of Prophets (peace be upon him)".&lt;br /&gt;Seeing that Zawadi has joined Jalal Abualrub here is a similar quote from a work which the latter has translated into English:&lt;br /&gt;There is no dispute between the Imams that bowing before Shaikhs [or leaders] and kissing the ground before them, are impermissible acts. Even bending the back slightly for other than Allah is impermissible. In, al-Musnad (4038), and other books of ‘Hadith, there is a Hadith that states, "When Mu’adh ibn Jabal returned from as-Sham Area, he bowed down before the Prophet ... who said, ‘What is this, O, Mu’adh?’ He said, ‘O, Messenger of Allah! I saw the people in ash-Sham bowing down before their bishops and patriarchs, and they attributed this practice to their prophets.’ He said …&lt;br /&gt;‘If I were to command any person to bow down before anyone, I will command the wife to bow down before her husband, because of his great right on her. O, Mu’adh! If you pass by my grave, would you bow down?’ Mu’adh said, ‘No.’ The Prophet said, ‘True, do not do it.’"&lt;br /&gt;Also, Allah’s Apostle refused to allow the companions to stand up while he was sitting down, even though they were standing for prayer, so that it did not appear as though they were imitating those who stand up for their leaders. He also stated that those who like people to stand up for them will be among the people of the Fire…&lt;br /&gt;Consequently, what about those who like people to bend the back from the head before them, and like to have their hands kissed? ‘Umar ibn Abdul Aziz was Allah’s Caliph [the supreme leader o the Islamic State] on earth. Yet, he appointed aids who would prevent those who sought his audience from kissing the ground in front of him. He used to discipline those who indulged in such practices before him.&lt;br /&gt;Therefore, standing up or sitting down, Ruku (bowing) and Sujud (prostrating) are, and should only be directed, at the only One Who deserves to be worshipped, the Creator of the heavens and earth. An exclusive right for Allah, such as vowing, for example, should not be given to anyone or thing, except Allah alone. The Messenger of Allah said …&lt;br /&gt;"He who intends to swear, let him swear by Allah or keep silent." He also said…&lt;br /&gt;"He who swears by other than Allah, will have committed Shirk.&lt;br /&gt;Certainly, ALL acts of worship can only be directed at Allah, Alone without partners…&lt;br /&gt;{And they were commanded not, but that they should worship Allah, and worship none but Him Alone, and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) and give Zakat: and that is the right religion Allah}…&lt;br /&gt;Hence, the Prophet forbade praying during these times, because praying then imitates the practice of the Mushriks, who perform Sujud to the sun. He also stated Satan attends the sunset, so that in reality, Sujud is performed for him. Consequently, what about an even more clear Shirk and imitation of the Mushriks than this [such as bowing in front of religious or political leaders]? Allah commanded His Messenger to say…&lt;br /&gt;{Say (O, Muhammad): "O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians): Come to a word that is right between us and you, that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: "Bear witness that we are Muslims"}. Allah prohibited practices of the People of the Book, such as their taking each other as gods besides Allah… He who prefers the guidance of the likes of the Christians to the guidance of Allah’s Prophet his companions and those who followed their lead with excellence, has abandoned what Allah and His Messenger commanded and ordained. (Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, Zad-ul Ma'ad fi Hadyi Khairi-l 'Ibad [Provisions for the Hereafter Taken From the Guidance of Allah's Best Worshipper], translated by Jalal Abualrub, edited by Alaa Mencke &amp; Shaheed M. Ali [Madinah Publishers &amp; Distributors, Orlando Florida; First edition, October 2001], Volume 4, pp. 318-320, 324-25; bold emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;To summarize the key arguments set forth by Zawadi’s source regarding the Holy Bible, note that his narration claims that: &lt;br /&gt;• The Jews and Christians lied about adopting their practice of prostrating before their religious scholars and authorities from the example of the prophets. &lt;br /&gt;• The Jews and Christians distorted their Book in order to reflect and justify this corrupt practice. &lt;br /&gt;• Acts such as prostration must be given only to Allah. &lt;br /&gt;There are a few problems with the assertion made by these particular Islamic references, the first of which is that the Jews and Christians were correct in what they said (provided that they did say what the narrative ascribes to them). The Holy Bible is replete with examples of both prophets and believers bowing before their elders, or before men or women whom God had honored and exalted. For the sake of space we will quote just a few examples:&lt;br /&gt;"Then David said to the whole assembly, ‘Praise the LORD your God.’ So they all praised the LORD, the God of their fathers; they bowed low and fell prostrate before the LORD and the king." 1 Chronicles 29:20&lt;br /&gt;"Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his brothers, they hated him all the more. He said to them, ‘Listen to this dream I had: We were binding sheaves of grain out in the field when suddenly my sheaf rose and stood upright, while your sheaves gathered around mine and bowed down to it.’ His brothers said to him, "Do you intend to reign over us? Will you actually rule us?’ And they hated him all the more because of his dream and what he had said. Then he had another dream, and he told it to his brothers. ‘Listen,’ he said, ‘I had another dream, and this time the sun and moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me.’ When he told his father as well as his brothers, his father rebuked him and said, ‘What is this dream you had? Will your mother and I and your brothers actually come and bow down to the ground before you?’ His brothers were jealous of him, but his father kept the matter in mind." Genesis 37:5-11&lt;br /&gt;"When Joseph came home, they presented to him the gifts they had brought into the house, and they bowed down before him to the ground. He asked them how they were, and then he said, ‘How is your aged father you told me about? Is he still living?’ They replied, ‘Your servant our father is still alive and well.’ And they bowed low to pay him honor." Genesis 43:26-28; cf. 44:14&lt;br /&gt;Amazingly, the Quran confirms the biblical story of Joseph’s brothers bowing down before him!&lt;br /&gt;(Remember) when Yusuf (Joseph) said to his father: "O my father! Verily, I saw (in a dream) eleven stars and the sun and the moon, I saw them prostrating themselves TO ME." He (the father) said: "O my son! Relate not your vision to your brothers, lest they arrange a plot against you. Verily! Shaitan (Satan) is to man an open enemy! S. 12:4-5&lt;br /&gt;Then, when they entered unto Yusuf (Joseph), he betook his parents to himself and said: "Enter Egypt, if Allah wills, in security." And he raised his parents to the throne and they fell down before him prostrate. And he said: "O my father! This is the interpretation of my dream aforetime! My Lord has made it come true! He was indeed good to me, when He took me out of the prison, and brought you (all here) out of the bedouin-life, after Shaitan (Satan) had sown enmity between me and my brothers. Certainly, my Lord is the Most Courteous and Kind unto whom He will. Truly He! Only He is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. S. 12:99-100&lt;br /&gt;Here is Ibn Abbas’ explanation of Q. 12:100:&lt;br /&gt;(And he placed his parents on the dais) on an elevated platform (and they fell down before him prostrate) i.e. his parents and brothers fell prostrate before him. This prostration was a sign of greeting between them: the person of humble standing prostrated to the person of high standing, the youth to the elderly and the young to the old; it is a slight bowing as is known among non-Arabs, … (Tanwîr al-Miqbâs min Tafsîr Ibn ‘Abbâs; source)&lt;br /&gt;This next commentary is rather interesting since it contradicts Muhammad and confirms what the Jews and Christians supposedly told Muadh:&lt;br /&gt;And he raised his parents, he seated them next to him, upon the throne, and they fell down, that is, his parents and brothers, prostrating before him - a prostration that was [actually] a bowing down, not placing their foreheads down [on the ground]; this was their standard [form of] greeting at that time… (Tafsir al-Jalalayn; source; bold and underline emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;{Side note: the two Jalals’ assertion that prostration in this context didn’t entail placing the foreheads to the ground is nothing more than eisegesis since the Arabic word here, sajda, is used in reference to the Muslim worship of prostrating to the ground before Allah. It is apparent from their comments that the Jalals were troubled by the Quran stating that believers prostrated before another human being.}&lt;br /&gt;Zawadi now has a major problem. The hadith he quoted has Muhammad claiming that such bowing was a proof that Jews and Christians distorted their Books and yet in his own Quran we find prophets of God such as Jacob bowing down before a human being! If such a practice is proof of textual tampering then this means that the Quran has been corrupted as well and suggests that such verses were only added later to the Quran by corrupt Muslim scribes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One Muslim who saw the problem with the Quran teaching that certain prophets received prostration is Sher Ali. He translates Q. 12:100 in a way where it is not Joseph who receives prostration but Allah!&lt;br /&gt;And he raised his parents upon the throne and they all fell down prostrate BEFORE ALLAH for him …&lt;br /&gt;Sher Ali is joined by the late Maulana Muhammad Ali who translates the same passage in the following manner:&lt;br /&gt;And he raised his parents on the throne, and they fall prostrate FOR HIS SAKE ... (Source; capital emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;Ali's footnote states:&lt;br /&gt;100b Seeing the highly dignified position to which Joseph had been raised in Egypt, they all fell prostrate BEFORE GOD as a mark of thanksgiving ... (underline and capital emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;Both Alis evidently realized the problem with Joseph receiving prostration since it violates the worship which Muslims claim that only Allah receives.&lt;br /&gt;The late Muhammad Asad mentions Ibn Abbas as another Muslim who was troubled with Joseph receiving prostration:&lt;br /&gt;According to `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas (as quoted by Razi), the personal pronoun in "before Him" relates to God, since it is inconceivable that Joseph would have allowed his parents to prostrate themselves before himself. (Asad, The Message of the Qur'an [Dar Al-Andalus Limited 3 Library Ramp, Gibraltar rpt. 1993], p. 353, fn. 98; source)&lt;br /&gt;But it gets worse for Muhammad and his followers such as Zawadi. The Quran says that Allah even commanded his angelic hosts to prostrate before Adam:&lt;br /&gt;And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Adam." And they prostrated except Iblis (Satan), he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers (disobedient to Allah). S. 2:34&lt;br /&gt;And (remember) when We said to the angels; "Prostrate to Adam." So they prostrated except Iblis (Satan). He was one of the jinns; he disobeyed the Command of his Lord. Will you then take him (Iblis) and his offspring as protectors and helpers rather than Me while they are enemies to you? What an evil is the exchange for the Zalimun (polytheists, and wrong-doers, etc). S. 18:50&lt;br /&gt;Notice what Muhammad Ali did with Q. 2:34 in his translation:&lt;br /&gt;And when We said to the angels, Be SUBMISSIVE to Adam, they SUBMITTED, but Iblis (did not) … S. 2:34 (Source; capital emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;He notes:&lt;br /&gt;34a Sajada is really synonymous with khad'a, i.e. he was lowly or submissive (LL). In the Holy Qur'an, the word is frequently used to signify simple submission. And you will also say, sajadu la-hu meaning he saluted him or he paid respect or honour to him (LL).&lt;br /&gt;This again demonstrates that Ali had a real difficult time with these Quranic passages that portray creatures receiving worship. His comments show that he clearly was aware that these acts were express violations of the pure worship which Muslim polemicists such as Zawadi and Abualrub claim must be given to none but Allah.&lt;br /&gt;To see the reasons why these particular translations are wrong due to the way the Quran uses this word sajda we recommend this article.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, the foregoing examples conclusively prove that Muhammad contradicted his own Quran and impugned the prophets by accusing them of failing to uphold the exclusive worship given to Allah by permitting individuals to worship or prostrate before them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now since this was the main argument set forth in al-Mustadrak to prove that the Jews and Christians tampered with their Book does this therefore mean that Muslims corrupted the Quran as well? Or does this suggest that Muhammad didn’t know what he was talking about or that this hadith is a fabrication?&lt;br /&gt;More importantly, will Zawadi apply his argumentation consistently and admit that:&lt;br /&gt;a) The Muslims have corrupted the Quran since it contains references to prophets and men being worshiped or receiving prostration?&lt;br /&gt;b) Muhammad was ignorant about the facts of the matter and/or contradicted his own Quran?&lt;br /&gt;c) Or the hadith in question is a forgery, despite it having a sound chain, since it impugns Muhammad’s credibility and knowledge of the historical facts and about the contents of his own scripture?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As if this weren’t bad enough there are specific narrations stating that Muhammad allowed people to kiss his hands and feet, to drink his blood, and smear his saliva upon them!&lt;br /&gt;For instance, here are a few reports compiled by the late renowned Muslim jurist Qadi ‘Iyad and cited in his monumental work ‘Ash-Shifa which mention Muslims drinking Muhammad’s blood, his leftover water and even his urine!&lt;br /&gt;Muhammad ibn Sa’d, al-Waqidi’s scribe, related that ‘A’isha said to the Prophet, "When you come from relieving yourself, we do not see anything noxious from you." He said, "‘A’isha, don’t you know that the earth swallows up what comes out of the prophets so that none of it is seen?"&lt;br /&gt;Although this tradition is not famous, the people of knowledge still mention the purity of his faeces and urine…&lt;br /&gt;There was also a time when Malik ibn Sinan DRANK HIS BLOOD on the Day of Uhud and licked it up. The Prophet allowed him to do that and then said, "The Fire will not touch you."&lt;br /&gt;Something similar occurred when ‘Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr drank cupped blood. The Prophet said, "Woe to you from the people and woe to the people from you," but he did not object to what he had done.&lt;br /&gt;Something similar is related about when a woman DRANK SOME OF HIS URINE. He told her, "You will never complain of a stomach-ache."&lt;br /&gt;He did not order any of them to wash their mouths out nor did he forbid them to do it again.&lt;br /&gt;The hadith of the woman drinking the urine is sound. Ad-Daraqutni follows Muslim and al-Bukhari who relate it in the Sahih. The name of this woman was Baraka, but they disagree about her lineage. Some say that it was Umm Ayman, a wooden cup he placed under his bed in which he would urinate during the night. One night he urinated in it and when he examined it in the morning there was nothing in it. He asked Baraka about that. She said, "I got up and felt thirsty, so I drank it without knowing." The hadith is related by Ibn Jurayj and others. (Qadi 'Iyad Ibn Musa al-Yahsubi, Kitab Ash-shifa bi ta'rif huquq al-Mustafa (Healing by the recognition of the Rights of the Chosen One), translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley [Madinah Press, Inverness, Scotland, U.K., third reprint 1991, paperback], pp. 35-37; capital and underline emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;The Qadi further noted that:&lt;br /&gt;When Quraysh sent 'Urwa ibn Mas'ud to the Messenger of Allah in the year of al-Hudaybiyya, he saw the unparalleled respect which his Companions displayed towards him. Whenever he did 'wudu they ran to get his leftover 'wudu water and nearly fought over it. If he spat they took it with their hands and wiped it on their faces and bodies. If a hair of his fell they ran to get it. If he commanded them to do something, they ran to do his command. If he spoke, they lowered their voices in his presence. They did not stare at him due to their respect for him. When he returned to Quraysh, he said, "People of Quraysh! I have been to Chosroes in his kingdom, and Caesar in his kingdom and the Negus in his kingdom, but by Allah, I have not seen any king among his people treated anything like the way Muhammad is treated by his Companions."…&lt;br /&gt;Anas said, "I saw the Messenger when his hair was being shaved. His companions were around him and whenever a lock fell, a man picked it up." (Pp. 236-237; underline emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;The sahih ahadith narrate something similar:&lt;br /&gt;… Before embracing Islam Al-Mughira was in the company of some people. He killed them and took their property and came (to Medina) to embrace Islam. The Prophet said (to him, "As regards your Islam, I accept it, but as for the property I do not take anything of it. (As it was taken through treason). Urwa then started looking at the Companions of the Prophet. By Allah, whenever Allah's Apostle spat, the spittle would fall in the hand of one of them (i.e. the Prophet's companions) WHO WOULD RUB IT ON HIS FACE AND SKIN; if he ordered them they would carry his orders immediately; if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water; and when they spoke to him, they would lower their voices and would not look at his face constantly out of respect. Urwa returned to his people and said, "O people! By Allah, I have been to the kings and to Caesar, Khosrau and An-Najashi, yet I have never seen any of them respected by his courtiers as much as Muhammad is respected by his companions. By Allah, if he spat, the spittle would fall in the hand of one of them (i.e. the Prophet's companions) who would rub it on his face and skin; if he ordered them, they would carry out his order immediately; if he performed ablution, they would struggle to take the remaining water; and when they spoke, they would lower their voices and would not look at his face constantly out of respect." (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Volume 3, Book 50, Number 891)&lt;br /&gt;The following Muslim writer provides some examples in an article he wrote where certain people, including Jews and Christians, kissed Muhammad's hands and feet:&lt;br /&gt;The Companions knew well the baraka in the hand of the Prophet; they also knew about its being the symbol of Divine generosity and power. They loved to touch and kiss it, they competed for the water he had dipped it in, and, after his death, those who never saw him were eager to touch and kiss those hands that had touched him.&lt;br /&gt;Both the Jews and the Christians who recognized the Prophet as a Divine envoy also showed their love and respect for him by kissing both his hands and his feet.&lt;br /&gt;Once, after the Prophet's emigration to Madina, a Jew said to a friend of his, "Let us go to this Prophet!" his friend said, "Say not Prophet! Were he to hear you he would have four eyes!" They came to the Prophet and asked him about nine things which he answered. They kissed his hands and feet, saying, "We testify that you are a Prophet!" "What prevents you from following me?" he asked. "David prayed that there should always be a Prophet from his progeny. We fear, were we to follow you, that the Jews would kill us!" [79- Tirmidhi 5/72 Nisa'i 7:111] …&lt;br /&gt;When the delegation of 'Abdal Qays reached Madina, [they had such longing for the Prophet that] they jumped off their camels and rushed to him, kissing his hands and feet. [92- Majma'al- Zawa'id 9:389] …&lt;br /&gt;The famous Follower, Thabit al-Bunani, Anas ibn Malik's student, said, "Whenever I visited Anas, they told him I was there, he came to me, and I took both his hands and kissed them saying, "My father be the ransom of these hands that have touched the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him!" and I kissed his eyes saying, "My father be the ransom of these eyes which have seen the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him!" [96- Majma'al-Zawa'id 9:325] …&lt;br /&gt;Burayda said, "A Bedouin came to the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, saying, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have accepted Islam, so show me something that will increase me in certitude!' He asked him, 'What do you want?' He replied, 'Call this tree, let it come to you!' 'Go to her and call her!' He told him. The Bedouin went to the tree saying, 'Answer the Messenger of Allah!' The tree leaned to one side, pulling her roots out, then to the other, pulling her roots out then she went to the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, saying, 'Peace be upon you O Messenger of Allah!' The Bedouin exclaimed, 'This is sufficient for me! This is sufficient for me!' The Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, said, 'Go back!' so it returned to its place and struck its roots again. The Bedouin said, 'Permit me, O Messenger of Allah, to kiss your hands and feet!' He did [kiss his hands and feet], then said, 'Permit me to prostate myself before you!' 'No man should prostate himself before another man!' he replied." [98- Suyuti, al-Khasa'is al-Kubra, 2:200, Bazzar, and Abu Nu'aym] (Dr. Mostafa al-Badawi, The Hand of the Prophet; source; underline emphasis ours)&lt;br /&gt;It is truly strange that Muhammad refused to allow a man to prostrate before him even though he allowed him to kiss his very hands and feet! Isn't kissing the feet of a mere man just as much an act of worship as bowing before him? In fact, to bow down before someone isn't always considered an act of worship as far as the Holy Bible is concerned.&lt;br /&gt;And what do we say about Muhammad permitting people to drink his blood and smear his saliva on them? Aren’t these practices extreme acts of devotion and worship, bordering on the fanatical? Didn’t Muhammad know that the drinking of blood violated the biblical commands of God?&lt;br /&gt;"If any one of the house of Israel or of the strangers who sojourn among them eats any blood, I will set my face against that person who eats blood and will cut him off from among his people. For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it for you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement by the life. Therefore I have said to the people of Israel, No person among you shall eat blood, neither shall any stranger who sojourns among you eat blood. Any one also of the people of Israel, or of the strangers who sojourn among them, who takes in hunting any beast or bird that may be eaten shall pour out its blood and cover it with earth. For the life of every creature is its blood: its blood is its life. Therefore I have said to the people of Israel, You shall not eat the blood of any creature, for the life of every creature is its blood. Whoever eats it shall be cut off." Leviticus 17:10-14&lt;br /&gt;"but should write to them to abstain from the things polluted by idols, and from sexual immorality, and from what has been strangled, and from blood… For it has seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay on you no greater burden than these requirements: that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell." Acts 15:28-29&lt;br /&gt;It also violated the commands of his own scripture!&lt;br /&gt;He has only forbidden you what dies of itself, and blood, and flesh of swine, and that over which any other (name) than (that of) Allah has been invoked; but whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring, nor exceeding the limit, no sin shall be upon him; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. S. 2:173 Shakir&lt;br /&gt;Say: I do not find in that which has been revealed to me anything forbidden for an eater to eat of except that it be what has died of itself, or blood poured forth, or flesh of swine -- for that surely is unclean -- or that which is a transgression, other than (the name of) Allah having been invoked on it; but whoever is driven to necessity, not desiring nor exceeding the limit, then surely your Lord is Forgiving, Merciful. S. 6:145 Shakir; cf. 5:3; 16:115&lt;br /&gt;More importantly, isn’t this the height of hypocrisy on Muhammad’s part, to complain and assault Jews and Christians for bowing to their religious leaders as a sign of respect, when he had the audacity to permit individuals to kiss his hands and feet, to smear his saliva upon them and to drink his blood?&lt;br /&gt;We will let Zawadi clear up all of this mess.&lt;br /&gt;Continue with Part 2: Muhammad's Duplicity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further Reading&lt;br /&gt;http://christianmissiontrips.org/forum&lt;br /&gt;http://answering-islam.org/Shamoun/stoning.htm&lt;br /&gt;http://answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/twoadams_ss2.htm&lt;br /&gt;http://answer-islam.org/MoDeification4.html&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;form action="http://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/" method="post"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border-color: #600;"&gt;&lt;br 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type='text/html' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/2007/12/islam-for-jesus_12.html' title='Islam for Jesus'/><author><name>lawrence mwangi</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3bSDjQdFCRA/S79_KxwnZAI/AAAAAAAAAHM/mJTVpDUMqDg/S220/lawey+2.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6306722029901512094.post-387971060025439678</id><published>2007-12-11T19:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-05-18T21:26:56.698-07:00</updated><title type='text'>My testimony and songs!</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;How i met Jesus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;…first le mi make it clear this is not a religion stuff am putting here ..and I don’t want to raise religious questions .. it’s a simple relationship I began with God …it all started when I was very young I started hanging out with the wrong group of guyz , I was always with the wrong group it lead me to crash with my mum and teachers, I moved from school to school, the administration couldn’t put up with me , I was a thief too, I was dump too always the last in class, getting E’s in everything, I thought they hated me , I tried committing suicide three times ..but dint succeed, only the third time, I was admitted  to hospital, but inside me there  was a voice calling me ..Sundays when I go to church I feel a strong calling in my heart to follow God I felt him telling me ‘I love you son’…so I used to pray ..funny enough each time I pray something would happen, I started a relationship with God…as I grew I began to feel God more every time I read the bible I felt different it gave me joy, and every time I pray God would answer[I can write pages of testimonies],academically I started to shine slowly , but still I wasn’t ready to fully commit my life to God  , as I grew the pleasure of life increased I made many friends[disadvantage of being social and wanting to please everyone am like that]&lt;br /&gt;I started indulging smoking and chewing funny stuff, brewing [I loved chemistry that’s why I ended up doing it in campus] I loved the girls most, but the still voice inside used to haunt me.&lt;br /&gt;After completing my secondary school, I ended up in this gang of 5 guyz we were called Bastic boys, with our popularity increasing in our home town with every chick wanting to be in our group it became even more harder to thing of Jesus, we decided we cant help it lets change our lives when we get married or something, we just couldn’t imagine leaving all the girls and leading a ‘boring life of old men and women’.&lt;br /&gt;For me getting to campus was all I was waiting for I decided I will HARIBU[spoil] like never before…Then I reported to The University of Nairobi as a first year 2002 &lt;br /&gt;On that December[my first vacation] I was in the Disco and DJ was spinning reggae music I was dancing and doing all sort of things, I need not to explain.. all over sudden the still voice of God was inside my heart calling me , I tried to forget bout God, but I knew I had to change my life I had no more time left , there and then in that club I decided to give ma life to Christ first thing we resume classes , I have been trying on ma own with no success but the bible say we give our burdens to him , and though our sins are as white as snow he is faithful to forgive …. I remembered the story of the adulterous lady that Jesus loved and forgave and I was filled with tears knowing that He is the only one that can change me my mum had tried, the police had tried but I ran as a fugitive. I decided on that January when I get back to UoN I will give ma life to Jesus.&lt;br /&gt;In January on a Wednesday I went and looked for a bible study and told them I want to receive Jesus, which was a shock to many, &lt;br /&gt;The next big problem was to break the news to bastic boyz[the gang] and our women ,&lt;br /&gt;I prayed to Jesus to save my friends if he wants me to remain a good boy coz I will go back ..they are my buddies we shared a lot…how will I leave the girls…&lt;br /&gt;So on the second vacation I met them they had all this news bout this and that and I hardly was able to explain to them bout why I changed ma life, we had a lot to catch up I just told them I decide to let Jesus in my life ..they either dint hear it or they thought I was joking..at night we were cooking dinner and I felt like I want to pray ..I dint know for what..so I excused myself and went to the near by bushes I really prayed to God bout forgiveness and stuff cried a lot dint really understand what I was praying for..when I came back to the room they were all trembling and asked me they want to receive Jesus, I layed hands on them….from that day the rest is history  he he he  .. n-way I took them to a nearest church and we introduced our selves, at first the congregation was shocked 5 thugs who have been making parents not to send their daughters to town in fear they may land in the gangs hands, drunkards, and they all come to church claiming they are born again, a shock,  people dint believe some said after finishing the girls in town we have now invaded the church ..some said we have just realized we are HIV positive that’s why we have ran to God ..all sort of stuff ..but we told them we are there to stay God doesn’t judge he looks at the heart ..we struggled ..God lead to us a passionate brother who discipled us, prayed prayer of deliverance for us ..taught us how to pray and fast , how to live a righteous life and finally prayed for our baptismal with the Holy Ghost which I will never forget..but 5 years down the line we have seen tremendous growth ..now life isn’t just good I mean you don’t pray and you get, its hard when you now know God there is a lot , really I just cant finish..dont believe the plant a seed , get rich stuff being preached around …Christ dint leave a religion ..he just wanted a relationship with us ..as simple as that..very clear in the Holy Bible&lt;br /&gt;This is the good part you just wanted to know how I received Jesus and my friends that’s how it happened really …..but if you ask me bout now knowing God its a really different story ….not of answered prayers but of patient , hurts , lack , pain , now that’s the really part I like talking about it’s the relevant part its what people don’t like talking about&lt;br /&gt;And its what that has made me who I am[not answered prayers and stuff] and its what I thank God …le me stop for today God loves you!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;my songs!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The songs you see I wrote when I was going through desert there are other like 15 songs that I  had wrote earlier but realized I had jut wrote them for fun but after what I went through I knew God more and now wrote out of revelation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Sweet Jesus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In my days of separation, desperation, condemnation &lt;br /&gt;No a friend I could rely on, no hope for a tomorrow&lt;br /&gt;All my words all my gestures, all my smile were all dry&lt;br /&gt;Like a falling leaf in a stream so was my dreams all gone,&lt;br /&gt;Why God did you put me in this lonely ugly world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;You came from above set [my heat in fire]*2&lt;br /&gt;Your love is so sweet like [sugar and spice]*2&lt;br /&gt;I will sing I will cry for your [love forever]*2&lt;br /&gt;Your beauty is so amazing makes the [stars fall down]*2&lt;br /&gt;Your holiness so dazzling makes the [Kings fall down]*2&lt;br /&gt;Ooohh Jesus I will love u till the end of days &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Lord is the Lord to those who make Him Lord &lt;br /&gt;The Lord is so good to those who wait upon Him&lt;br /&gt;The Lord hears the cry of a righteous man &lt;br /&gt;The Lord is so close to a heart broken man  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Children of the kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;We are children of the kingdom &lt;br /&gt; We are sons of the most high&lt;br /&gt;We are children of the kingdom&lt;br /&gt; We are heirs with the Lamb&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are purified we are sanctified, &lt;br /&gt;We are justified by the blood of the Lamb,&lt;br /&gt;We are kings we are chosen race, &lt;br /&gt;Gods own holy nation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though our outside is fading &lt;br /&gt;Our inside is renewed everyday&lt;br /&gt;Though we seem to be poor,&lt;br /&gt;But indeed we are rich.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us fix our eyes on the things in heaven&lt;br /&gt;Things on earth are fading &lt;br /&gt;Let us fix our eyes onto Jesus&lt;br /&gt;Holiness and love.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us sing maranatha,&lt;br /&gt;Let us hope let us wait,&lt;br /&gt;In a tickling of an eye,&lt;br /&gt;So shall all of us fly away.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Wounded soldier&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;Wake up soldier wake up warriors&lt;br /&gt;Wake up holy ones of Jesus Christ&lt;br /&gt;In front of you there is some light, there is some hope.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know you are wounded, bleeding broken, I can see&lt;br /&gt;You have fallen, six times, but I am sure you’ll rise again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Don’t worry, it was meant to be, with casualties, this is war,&lt;br /&gt;But it’s written; He fought for us, and gloriously, conquered for us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hold my hand, dear comrade, let’s continue with the race &lt;br /&gt;Let’s crawl, let’s limb, in direction of our destiny &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Rise&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;I will rise again, I will rise a second time, &lt;br /&gt;I will raise oh God, &lt;br /&gt;And posses my promised land.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though am crushed to the ground,&lt;br /&gt;Poured out in a grinding stone,&lt;br /&gt;They have left me desolate,&lt;br /&gt;I know one day you will raise me again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Though I am heart broken another time&lt;br /&gt;It has left me with no more faith, &lt;br /&gt;I have cried till my tears run dry,&lt;br /&gt;I know one day you’ll raise me again. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It’s still hard for me to pray,&lt;br /&gt;Yes even to open the chapters of the bible,&lt;br /&gt;It’s still hard for me to trust you again,&lt;br /&gt;But I know one day you’ll raise me again &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Gods smugglers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;       CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;They are God smugglers &lt;br /&gt;Oohh God Smugglers &lt;br /&gt;They are God smugglers &lt;br /&gt;Main stake holders of the kingdom*2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See them walk in Arabia &lt;br /&gt;Holy book hidden in their waists &lt;br /&gt;Eating and sleeping in trenches &lt;br /&gt;They are God smugglers &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See them walk in Discos&lt;br /&gt;Holy cross hanging in their necks &lt;br /&gt;Waking at three to intercede &lt;br /&gt;Their God smugglers &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See them in Chinese border &lt;br /&gt;“We are very good tourists”&lt;br /&gt;Holy bible in their bags &lt;br /&gt;Their God smugglers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tropical diseases in Africa &lt;br /&gt;Guns and Bombs in the Far East &lt;br /&gt;Swords in the southern Sudan &lt;br /&gt;They are Christ smugglers    &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Wait for you&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I see light from a distance &lt;br /&gt;I see love from a distance &lt;br /&gt;I see joy and comfort &lt;br /&gt;I see beauty for ever more &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I will wait for you Lord *4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is hope before me &lt;br /&gt;The king of kings promised me &lt;br /&gt;I will reach my fathers land &lt;br /&gt;I will sit in Canaan side&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am a sojourner in this desert &lt;br /&gt;I am a passerby in this dry land &lt;br /&gt;I have made a temporary place&lt;br /&gt;Coz tomorrow I fly away &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He is not a man that He may lie &lt;br /&gt;His hand not short to bless me&lt;br /&gt;All I need is to believe &lt;br /&gt;I have possessed my promised land&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Far, Far away&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CHORUS&lt;br /&gt;You seem to be far away, &lt;br /&gt;Far to the mountains,&lt;br /&gt;You seem to be far away,&lt;br /&gt;But I know you are ever present &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ooh God give me faith to wait upon you&lt;br /&gt;Ooh let me use not my feelings &lt;br /&gt;Ooh Jesus I cry to you, I wana trust you alone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I try to pray my Lord but no breakthrough&lt;br /&gt;I try to worship and lift up my hands but still down&lt;br /&gt;Ooh my beloved give me faith to believe you are here today&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I search for good evil come my way&lt;br /&gt;When I wait for light darkness comes my way&lt;br /&gt;Days of afflictions run towards me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;8. Designed &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This song I will dedicate to my friend Larry Liza, and Grace, as you were serving God he let you loved ones pass away!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know what you are going through&lt;br /&gt;I feel the pain it’s unbearable &lt;br /&gt;You feel that you are alone&lt;br /&gt;Ooh there is none that understands you &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know you can’t pray&lt;br /&gt;Those encouraging verses you know off head&lt;br /&gt;I know you feel He has deserted you &lt;br /&gt;You are even thinking of taking your life &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why me Lord? Is your song&lt;br /&gt;You have million and one questions &lt;br /&gt;No one seem to have the answers &lt;br /&gt;None feels you right&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But let me tell you friend, he is there with you &lt;br /&gt;He is weeping with you &lt;br /&gt;He has let it happen with a reason &lt;br /&gt;He has designed you to overcome &lt;br /&gt;He has designed you to overcome &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;9. Restoration &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The day of restoration is coming, am ready to receive it  &lt;br /&gt;The day of our Lord is coming, am ready as a witness&lt;br /&gt;The Glory of our Lord is coming, am ready to perceive it &lt;br /&gt;The favor of the Lord is coming, I am already prepared &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We walked and walked and didn’t give up&lt;br /&gt;We were tested and we didn’t fall &lt;br /&gt;We were tired but we went on&lt;br /&gt;Gave His son we believed Him and now….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We walked naked and still trusted &lt;br /&gt;Persecuted but pledged allegiance&lt;br /&gt;We were confused but we went on&lt;br /&gt;We were in doubts but we believed &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We needed encouragement bet we gave it&lt;br /&gt;When we fell we crawled forward&lt;br /&gt;We were injured but limbed forward&lt;br /&gt;Tears rolling down our chicks we waited for Him&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;10. Am a Christian&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am one of you Christians, one of you&lt;br /&gt;I am one of you Holy Nation, one of you &lt;br /&gt;I am one of you chosen people, one of you&lt;br /&gt;I am one of you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remember the days of darkness &lt;br /&gt;I was lost and hopeless &lt;br /&gt;I used to drink and careless&lt;br /&gt;I played harlot!&lt;br /&gt;But Jesus blood on Calvary &lt;br /&gt;Gave me hope and new life&lt;br /&gt;Now my name is written &lt;br /&gt;In the Lambs book of life &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Came the days of refining &lt;br /&gt;Jesus crushed me to the ground &lt;br /&gt;He killed all my pride &lt;br /&gt;He torn my heart to pieces &lt;br /&gt;The refiner’s fire&lt;br /&gt;Now he has blessed and restored me&lt;br /&gt;I have possessed my promised land&lt;br /&gt;And now…..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am one of you preachers [intercessors, soldiers,&lt;br /&gt;Prophets, missionaries] one of you,&lt;br /&gt;I am one of you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. I will sing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A midst all disappointments year,&lt;br /&gt; I will sing to Jesus Christ&lt;br /&gt;A midst all persecution year,&lt;br /&gt; I will sing to Jesus Christ&lt;br /&gt;A midst all temptation year,&lt;br /&gt; I will sing to Jesus Christ&lt;br /&gt;I will sing ooh Lord I will sing,&lt;br /&gt; I will sing to Jesus Christ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was yesterday, they hijacked my pastor no&lt;br /&gt;They dint hesitate to shoot at his car,&lt;br /&gt;They took with the money and his car&lt;br /&gt;And was to delivered a message “I will sing”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She is the leader of worship team here&lt;br /&gt;She serves God with zeal and humbleness&lt;br /&gt;The fiancé said doesn’t love anymore&lt;br /&gt;What a pain she is to lead the song “I will sing”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God used me to encourage and preach&lt;br /&gt;We prayed together and saw God moving &lt;br /&gt;I have a chronic disease&lt;br /&gt;No supper today, supposed to write “I will sing”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11. Yahweh favor&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am walking in your favor &lt;br /&gt; Oh walking in your favor&lt;br /&gt;I am walking in your favor&lt;br /&gt; Your gory follows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As the children of Israel walked out with favor&lt;br /&gt; Carried gold and jewels of Egyptians&lt;br /&gt;As the children of Israel entered with favor&lt;br /&gt; Conquered the Promised Land&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As Ester found favor with you &lt;br /&gt; Oh crowned the queen of the land&lt;br /&gt;As Rehab found favor with you&lt;br /&gt; You spared her house hold &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David the shepherd found your favor&lt;br /&gt; Oh crowned king while Soul reigned&lt;br /&gt;Soul Christian slayer found your favor&lt;br /&gt; Became Paul the greatest in the Kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;12. Normal girl &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She was a normal girl, she was a ghetto babe&lt;br /&gt;As she walked down on the backstreet yard&lt;br /&gt;She cared less, in this free world &lt;br /&gt;No one could talk to her&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She loved the smoke, she loved the club&lt;br /&gt;Whisky and men was all fun for her &lt;br /&gt;They called her tom boy, ‘great buddy’&lt;br /&gt;But no one was serious with her&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All her dear men, compromised her&lt;br /&gt;They were heat and run fellows&lt;br /&gt;Inside her was a hole, deep hole&lt;br /&gt;No pleasures nothing could fill &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Till she was found, by glorious king&lt;br /&gt;Had keen interest and love for her&lt;br /&gt;Her life changed to a queen&lt;br /&gt;The dignity and glory was back&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Sunday, she moved us &lt;br /&gt;By her sermon on love&lt;br /&gt;She is in the club today&lt;br /&gt;To reach to other queens to be&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6306722029901512094-387971060025439678?l=jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/feeds/387971060025439678/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6306722029901512094&amp;postID=387971060025439678&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6306722029901512094/posts/default/387971060025439678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6306722029901512094/posts/default/387971060025439678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/2007/12/my-songs.html' title='My testimony and songs!'/><author><name>lawrence mwangi</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3bSDjQdFCRA/S79_KxwnZAI/AAAAAAAAAHM/mJTVpDUMqDg/S220/lawey+2.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6306722029901512094.post-5719928720962818356</id><published>2007-12-11T08:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-14T02:57:17.182-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Testimonies from Christian Arabs</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;testimony from Sommer of Kuwait:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christ Changed My Life&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike many of my brothers and sisters on this website, I had attended Church as a child. This was only during the summer time though, when I visited my mother's parents in The USA. I grew up in Kuwait with a Muslim father and a Christian mother. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having a Muslim father required me to study Islam. I remember the confusion at such a young age. I thought Jesus died on the cross, but I had friends who strongly disputed this. We were only in primary (or elementary) school. By the time I was nine years old, I had a nice and pleasant Arabic tutor who was a Muslim. She did not only help me with my homework, she took me on picnics and other trips with her family and neighbors. I thought of becoming a Muslim by the time I was eleven and she was my tutor until the end of that year. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At age twelve and on I was in confusion again, but I decided that loving God was important. I was easily occupied by a good group of friends. Even in my later teen years I went to parties where there was dancing with both sexes. My mother would always make sure that there was a parent at the party. Most of the time these parents were scared when I arrived, because I was female and Kuwaiti. I never got into trouble, as far as drinking or drugs or even sex. I felt like I was a pretty good person. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I woke up to find the truth, when I had graduated from high school. This was the same year that Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. I was saddened and hurt by what was going on. I was in America with my family. I had friends who were stuck in the country and some of them were Palestinian and Jordanian! One of my Palestinian friends had to give up her jewelry and beautiful clothing, before leaving. I would cry every night feeling like I was in the same identity crisis that started when I was thirteen. Eventually, all of my friends made it safe through the Gulf War, but one of my Palestinian friends lost her father due to unhappiness of leaving Kuwait. Life was unfair, I became angry at everyone, especially at the journalists. I thought that once Kuwait was free, I would be happy again, but it was not true. It would never be the same. My friends were supposed to be my enemies, though they had nothing to do with Saddam. Some of my friends decided they were my enemies, but two stayed loyal. In all this mess, I asked God what was going on. I began to have a hate for people in general. The nice person that I thought I was, was no longer there. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was not a nice person and I was very lonely. However, God was not about to leave me in the dark. I was going to Church, since I could easily in America. I was asking questions, but at the time Christians got on my nerves. I felt like they were finding excuses for their sins by saying Jesus forgives. I decided I was not going to think about Christians or Muslims. I was going to compare the Quran and the Bible, and look at the men of these religions. Here was Muhammad who said in the Quran that other men could only have four wives, but he was special, he could have more. As a female, I was also questioning the idea of virgins in Heaven (the houri.) If women went to Heaven to why was nothing specific in the Quran about her rewards? And wine was all right in Heaven but not on Earth. Isn't what is wrong on Earth still wrong in Heaven? Then I looked to Jesus and saw a man who was not self serving, never married because he knew he would die soon, and also he loved his enemies. He even spoke to the dirtiest people, the prostitutes and the tax collectors. He even loved them and wanted to forgive them. I let this become personal and realized he forgave my dark and hateful heart. If he could do that I had to forgive the Iraqi soldiers for our property damage. I was nineteen years old, when I excepted Jesus as Lord. However, it would take me another year to forgive the man himself, Saddam Hussein. The Holy Spirit worked in my heart, and taught me to love people, even with all of their problems. I thank the Lord for what I have been through, and I now know what God wanted. He did not want me to be a Christian just in name, or because of my mother or American culture. God wanted me to be his in truth and in love, no matter where I go. If you ever feel so hateful, that you think it would destroy your soul, turn to Jesus. It doesn't matter where you are from, or what you have done, he has come to save the world through his death and resurrection, not to condemn it. I can say that the Lord has blessed me with good friends, even though I have moved to three different cities in America due to my husband's work. Still, Jesus is the best friend anyone could have. If you don't know him, please give him a try. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peace be with you Sommer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;testimony of Kader from Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God had plans for me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was born in a small town in Algeria and into a family with six Children. France occupied my native country. My Parents were unschooled and were Muslims. So I was a Muslim by birth. I was told that as an infant, I was so sick the doctor gave me two days to live but God had other plans for me. No, I did not die. At a very young age, my parents enrolled me in a religious school where I learned to memorize the Koran. As a family and individually, we suffered a lot under the French occupation. My father was jailed many times, even one time when my eldest brother was forced to leave home to serve in the French army for mandatory service, my family spent several months without a provider. We were even forced to leave our hometown and move elsewhere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day during the Algerian civil war, while I was playing soccer with my friends, we were shot at. Many died but I only suffered a bullet wound. God had other plans for me. While at the hospital, I saw many people suffer and die daily and nightly. I was angry with God and Westerners. However, Algeria became independent and I was very happy. Still serious about my faith as a Muslim and now in High School, I began to devote more time to it. I was an example to many students.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Life without the French occupation settled in, yet things did not change. My country was free and so was I but I was unhappy and felt a void in my life. Some people call it an identity crisis. Maybe it was an identity crisis but for me I needed to connect to that one missing thing or a person. I needed to understand why I was born, and when I die, where I will be. Slowly I became a nominal Muslim and later actually thought that God did not exist. I also joined a local communist underground student movement. While still in High School, I started reading, studying philosophers, and also drinking, smoking and doing shameful things too embarrassing to talk about. I felt confused and lost. My major was Mathematics, so naturally I read some writings by Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician. In his so-called "Pascal wager", Pascal talks about whether God is or God is not. Though Pascal argues from a gambling point of view, I was convinced that for me this was no gamble or coincidence. This latter fact increased my desire to seek God.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I finished School and came to the US to further my studies. I was very skeptical of strangers because of the scars of the French occupation. But God had plans for me. God gave me a Christian host family who befriended me and invited me to their home and to their Church. One day, I heard Dr. Mark Hanna, a Christian Lebanese writer, speak about Jesus Christ. I was not receptive but heard new things about this Jesus from Nazareth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Later I learned that my mother died. I was very close to her and could not accept her sudden departure from my life. Having lost my mother and having failed in other areas of my life, I was hurting, miserable, tired and fed up. I wanted to end my life. As if someone was talking to me, words came to me saying, "you want to end your life, then consider it done and give your life up to Jesus". I heard and read in a Bible given to me, who Jesus is and what He did for me on the cross. Someone suggested I start reading from the book of John. I understood I was a sinner and needed God in my life. I turned to Jesus, believing He died for me, was buried, rose again and is seated at the right hand of the Father in heaven. I prayed inviting Him into my life and I received Him in my heart as my personal savior and Lord.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I came to chapter 6 of the book of Romans and realized I needed to be baptized. After receiving instructions in a class from an elder on Communion and Baptism, I was baptized by full immersion two weeks later. God did it all. It was all His doing and nothing I had done on my own except to seek Him, repent and accept His free gift of salvation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You know, I did not fully realize what happened to me until I came across Ezekiel 36:25-27. God also helped me deal with many other issues and things I could not understand on my own. Knowing who God is and who I am, my desire has been to live for Christ by loving Him, obeying Him and serving Him. It is my prayer to be used by Him "Who desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth" 1 Timothy 2:4 (NKJV).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I also came across Jeremiah 29:11 (NAS) where God says: "For I know the plans I have for you, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future". You see He has given me hope and a future. He had plans for me. Friend, God has plans for you too. My prayer for you is that you seek Him with all your heart. This is for your sake not mine and certainly not for God’s sake. He is waiting for you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jesus says: "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the father except through me" John 14:6 (NKJV). The Bible says: "For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" Romans 3:23 (NKJV). Jesus also says: "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" John 3:16 (NKJV). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I urge you to turn to God now and give your life to Him. I am here to help you, please do not hesitate to write.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you have any questions, please e-mail me at kaderjc@juno.com. For a Bible or other material, please click here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;May God bless you today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kader.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Testimony of Walid from Palestine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Walid's Testimony&lt;br /&gt;My name is Walid. I was born in Bethlehem, Israel. On the day that I was born it was one of the holiest days to Islam, the birthday of the Muslim prophet Mohammad (Al-Mauled Al-Nabawi). This was an honor to my father. For that, he named me Walid which relates to the Arabic word (Mauled) and in English (The Birth) to always remember the birthday of the Muslim prophet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My father was a Palestinian Muslim who taught English and Islamic studies in the Holy Land. My mother was an American who married my father during his studies in the United States in the year of 1956.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fearing the impact of the American way of life for their two children and while my mother was pregnant with me, my parents left to live in Israel in 1960 which was called Jordan at that time. When they arrived to Bethlehem I was born. As my father changed jobs, we moved to Saudi Arabia, then back to the Holy Land -- this time, to the lowest place on earth, Jericho.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can not forget the first song I learned in school just before the Six Day War titled "Arabs Our Beloved and Jews Our Dogs." I used to wonder at that time who the Jews were but with the rest of the kids, I repeated the words without any knowledge of their meaning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I grew up in the Holy Land, I lived through several battles between the Arabs and the Jews. The first battle (while we lived in Jericho) was the Six Day War when the Jews captured old Jerusalem and the rest of Palestine. This was a great disappointment to Arabs and Muslims worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The American Council in Jerusalem came just before the war to evacuate all the Americans in the area. Since my mother was an American, they offered us assistance but my father refused and turned them down because he loved his country. I still remember many things during the war -- the noise of the bombing and shelling that went on day and night for six days, the looting of stores and houses by the Arabs in Jericho and people running to cross the Jordan River from fear of the Israelis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The war was called the Six Day War because it was won in six days and on the seventh day a Rabbi by the name of Goren blew the ram's horn on the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem declaring the victory. Many Jews claim that this was a parallel to Joshua when he went around the walls of Jericho six times, then on the seventh day seven times, and on that day the priests blew the trumpets and everyone shouted with one voice and took the city. To my father in Jericho, it seemed that the walls had crumbled on him. During the war he was always listening to the Jordanian radio station. He used to say that the Arabs were winning the war, but he was listening to the wrong station. The Israeli station was announcing the truth of their soon coming victory. Instead my father chose to believe the Arabs who claimed that the Israelis were promoting propaganda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Later on, we moved back to Bethlehem and my father enrolled us in an Anglican-Lutheran school as they had a better English course. My brother, sister and I were the only Muslims in the school. Being half Americans, teachers would beat us and students would laugh at us. When the Bible class started, I would leave the class and remained outside waiting. One day, I walked in the Bible class and the class 'bully' stood up to fight. He shouted, "We don't want this half American and Muslim to be here!" I refused to get out and the lady who was teaching the class asked me to sit down. Since then, I changed the school's policy and for the first time, the school allowed a Muslim to study the Bible. For the next three years, I studied it despite all the mocking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Later, my father transferred me to the Government school where I grew in the faith of Islam. I was fed the idea that one day, a fulfillment of an ancient prophecy by the Muslim prophet Mohammed would come to pass. This prophecy foretold a battle in which the Holy Land would be recaptured and the elimination of the Jews would take place in a massive slaughter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This prophecy in fact is documented in Mohammed's Book of Traditions which states the following:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The day of judgment shall not come to pass until a tribe of Muslims defeat a tribe of Jews." (Narrated by Abu Hurairah, Sahih Muslim, Hadith #6985; Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 4, #177)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When Mohammed was asked of the place this would take place, he said: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In Jerusalem and the surrounding nations." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During my youth, like my father, I was always tuned to Islam and what our Muslim teachers taught. Believing in Muhammad's prophecy, I offered my life to 'Jihad' or 'Holy War' as the only means to obtain either victory or martyrdom. In Islam martyrdom is the only way you can ensure salvation and enter into heaven -- especially since Allah and his prophet Mohammed promised it. As the Quran states it:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Do not think of whom are killed for the cause of Allah (in a Holy War), to be dead but living with their Lord receiving his blessing". -- Sura: The Family of 'Imran ('Al-'Imran, verse 169)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During school riots against what we called the Israeli occupation, I would prepare speeches, slogans, and write anti-Israeli graffiti in an effort to provoke students to throw rocks at the armed Israeli soldiers. We shouted, "No peace or negotiations with the enemy! Our blood and our souls we sacrifice to Arafat! Our blood and our souls we sacrifice to Palestine!" and "Death to the Zionists!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I vowed to fight my Jewish enemy believing that I was doing God's will on earth. I remained true to my word as I participated in many riots against the Israeli army, always trying to inflict harm to them by all means and methods I could devise. I would start and participate in any riot I could initiate: in schools, streets, and even on the holiest place (the Temple mount site) in Jerusalem called by Arabs (Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa). All through high school I would always be one of the first to provoke a riot.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many others got involved in terror tactics against the Jews using bombs and armed assaults on Jews in an attempt to force them to leave Israel. But they never could pluck them out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nothing could change my heart, I could only die or a miracle needed to happen. The simplest way to describe myself is that I was one of those one would view on CNN throwing rocks and Molotov cocktails in the days of the Intifada or 'The Uprising'. I was one of these who Jews would call a terrorist. The interesting thing is that I was not only terrorizing but I was terrorized by my beliefs which required me to gain enough merit and good deeds to go to heaven. But I never was sure if my good deeds would outweigh my bad deeds in the scale when I would be judged by God. Of course to die fighting the Jews would ease Allah's anger towards my sin and I would then be secured a good spot in heaven with beautiful wide-eyed women to fulfill my most intimate desires. Either way, I won and terror was the only way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remember one time in Bethlehem all viewers clapped their hands with joy in a jam packed theater watching the movie, "21 Days in Munich". The moment we saw the Palestinians throwing grenades into the helicopter killing the Israeli athletes, hundreds of viewers yelled, "Allahu akbar!" (Allah is the greatest). This is the slogan of joy used by Muslims for victorious events.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remember students used to ask the teacher during our Islamic studies in Bethlehem High School if it was permitted for Muslims to rape the Jewish women after we defeated them. His response was, "The women captured in battle have no choice in this matter, they are concubines and they need to obey their masters, having sex with slave captives is not a ‘matter of choice for slaves’". This in fact was written in the Koran, for it says:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Forbidden to you also are married women, except those who are in your hand as slaves, this is the law of Allah for you." -- Sura: The Women (al-Nisa, verse 24)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And in a different verse the Koran says:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"O prophet; we allowed thee thy wives to whom thou hast paid their dowries, and the slaves whom thy right hand possesseth out of the booty which Allah hath granted thee, and the daughters of thy uncle, and of thy maternal aunt, who fled with thee to Medina, and any believing woman who hath given herself up to the prophet, if the prophet desired to wed her, a privilege to thee above the rest of the faithful". -- Sura: Confederates (al-Ahzab, verse 50)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We had no problem with Mohammed taking advantage of this privilege as he married 14 wives for himself and several slave girls from the booty he collected as a result of his victorious battles. We really never knew how many wives he had and that question was always a debatable issue to us. One of these wives was taken from his own adopted son Zaid, as Allah declared that she was given to the prophet while others were Jewish captives forced into slavery after Mohammed beheaded their husbands and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In an attempt to change the hearts of Palestinians, the Israeli TV station would show Holocaust documentaries. I would sit and watch cheering the Germans while I chewed on food. It was impossible for me to change my mind or heart concerning Jews, only a "heart transplant" would do that job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They once took our school for a week to a Jewish camp on the coast of Eshdod to mingle us with other Jewish schools. That didn't work. On the contrary, every teacher who spoke to a Jew was mocked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My mother on the other hand tried to teach me a different idea at home that she called God's plan. She spoke to me about Bible prophecy; she said that the return of the Jews was pre-planned by God and had been fulfilled. This, to her, was Gods miracle in our generation for the world to see that "His will shall be done."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She also told me about many future events to be fulfilled in our generation which is surfacing every day now. She told me of false Messiahs and counterfeits; but all that had little effect for my heart was set on fighting against the Jews.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My mother was influenced by an American Missionary couple who she asked secretly to baptize her. When she refused to be baptized in a pond full of green algae, the missionary priest had to plead to the YMCA in Jerusalem to clear the pool of men, and my mother was then baptized. No one from our family knew.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many times my mother would take me on trips to several museums in Israel and I fell in love with archeology. I was fascinated with it. In my many arguments with her, I would bluntly tell her that the Jews and Christians had corrupted the Bible. She responded by taking me to the Scroll Museum in Jerusalem and showed me the scroll of Isaiah, still intact. There was no one taking pictures of any Biblical errors to prove of any corruption and I could not respond to my mother.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remember when I still tormented my mother by calling her an "infidel" and a damned American Imperialist who claimed that Jesus was the Son of God. I'd show her the pictures in the newspaper of all the teenagers supposedly martyred as a result of violence demanding that she answer. I hated her and always asked my father to divorce her and remarry a good Muslim woman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I would even pose with a grim and sad face for the school picture as if I knew that my turn to be in the paper as a martyr would be next. Many times I risked being killed during youth protests and clashes with the Israeli Army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I lived in Israel during the Six Day War, the PLO resistance, the Jordanian Black September civil war, the bloody wars in Lebanon, and the war of Yom Kippur. With no hope to destroy Israel and all these losses, we still hoped for that one victory since that is all it would take to destroy them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My parents worried a lot about me as I got thrown in prison by the Israeli Army. My mother went to the American Council in Jerusalem to try to get me out. She was so stressed her hair started to fall out. In jail, I learned more about the art of terrorism and when I got out, I was more fanatical than before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I graduated from high school, my parents sent me to the United States to seek a higher education. Of course I got involved with many anti-Israeli social and political events. I still remember my favorite sick joke I used to like to tell my friends, that I hated Hitler very much because he never got the job done, that is: he never finished the Jewish problem "once and for all".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With Hitler being my idol, and Mohammed my prophet, I went on with my life with little regard for Jews, Christians, or anyone who was not a Muslim. I believed that one day the whole world would submit to Islam and that the whole world owed the Palestinians for their losses in all the battles with Israel. I also believed that Jews were prophet-killers and that they had corrupted the Scriptures to serve their evil desires. This is what Muslims teach. They also teach that Mohammed is our only redeemer and God's favored prophet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I lived in America, I could not forget the hundreds of thousands of Muslims who died just in the last 20 years in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Afghanistan and in every single Muslim nation. I had to get revenge for them and someone had to pay the price. Of course there was no question in my mind that the Jews had to pay the penalty, somehow we always managed to twist things together and make it their fault.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day I fought with a man and struck his eye blind, I was so happy to learn that the man was a Jew.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was fascinated with Islamic history and I learned that the Islamic prophet Mohammed extradited a Jewish tribe from Saudi Arabia and ordered the beheading of all the men from another tribe. The women were taken as concubines. I used to believe, as Islam taught, that only a Caliph (Islamic ruler) could rule the world. Islam is not a religion for one's personal and moral life, but a system of law and government to the whole world. If not achieved through peaceful means, it would have to wage war against all who did not submit to Islam. With one billion Muslims living today, I believed that it could happen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'll be honest, all my life, I was terrified every time I read the Koran, as, after every other verse, there was always threats of hell fire for this sin and that. All I wanted was to reach out to my Maker to say I am sorry, forgive me, give me another chance. But I failed to keep count of all my sins and my good deeds and I was sure that at the end, my sins would outweigh my good deeds. So, I lived my sinful life depending on the love and mercy of my Maker. I always wondered about my destiny. Lost in my fears and doubts, I really hated the idea of killing for my salvation and, in reality; I never had the heart to kill a rat! How then could I kill a Jew!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sometime in 1992, I was fascinated when I read a book titled "Armageddon, Appointment with Destiny", by Grant Jeffrey. Some of the things explained in this book had many detailed prophecies about Jesus: his birth, life, death and resurrection and the re-creation of the state of Israel. Many of these prophecies came to pass just as God put them down in the Bible! What also amazed me was to find out that the chances for a man to predict hundreds of historic events written hundreds and thousands of years before their occurrences are one in zillions. What is more fascinating is that the margin of error had to be zero, especially when the fulfillment of many of these prophecies was happening in my generation. This kind of evidence had to come from a divine origin that origin had to be God Almighty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The struggle began. I was puzzled. How could the Bible be a fake and corrupted by the Jews if the land I grew up in, spoke and cried out as thousands of pieces of archeological evidence surfaced from the land of Israel confirming the Bible? The book of Isaiah, discovered in the Qumran caves, was found by a Muslim from the town next to Bethlehem by the name of Muhammad Deib while looking for a lost sheep. From that discovery, they found the rest of the Old Testament which matched the Old Testament Bible in our hands today. It contained hundreds of verses predicting the coming of Jesus Christ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I had to read the Bible to know who Jesus really was, to find out for myself. God finally led me to get to the bottom line as I started reading what Jesus said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end, who was and is to come, the Almighty." Revelation 1:8&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christ also said to the Jews:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Truly, truly I say to you; before Abraham was born I AM (God)." John 8:58&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It amazed me to find similar claims between Jesus and Mohammed. These claims were serious, as Mohammed said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am the beginning of all creation and the last prophet." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He also said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I was a prophet of Allah while Adam was still being molded in clay." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, he claimed to be the intercessor for Muslims in the Day of Judgment, by all of these, claiming to be the world's last and final prophet and savior.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These things always puzzled me. If Mohammed claimed all that he claimed, than who was Jesus who claimed to be our Redeemer and Savior? That question troubled me a great deal. One of the two claims had to be a lie, if there were two redeemers; this would be association with God since God is the only Redeemer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christ or Mohammed had to be the Redeemer and Intercessor for mankind. The Bible or the Koran had to be correct. One of them was pure gold and the other had to be a fake, but which one...?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vowing to make a decision for "The Truth", I stayed up late many nights comparing many details between the Koran and the Bible. At some point during my study, I prayed saying: "GOD, you are the Creator of heaven and earth, the God of Abraham, Moses, and Jacob, you are the beginning and the end, you are 'The Truth', 'the only Truth', the Maker of the true Scripture, the one and only word of God. I suffer to find your truth, I want to do your will in my life, I long for your love and in the name of 'The Truth' I ask. AMEN!!!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wanted real gold and would not settle for an imitation. I had to scratch very hard to look beyond the surface of the world's plastic religions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I believed in the Koran as the word of God because it had modern scientific laws and only a book with a divine origin could have scientific facts written a thousand years before their discovery. I spent a month using a computer program searching for scientific clues in the Bible. Every verse in the Koran that was a scientific miracle that led me and millions of Muslims to believe in the Koran was already in the Bible. Many stories in the Koran had serious errors and with my knowledge of history and archeology, I knew that the Koran had serious faults.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With many of these discoveries, my claim that the Koran was a miracle was in question. The Bible had all of its miracles hundreds and thousands of years before. My foundation shook and I felt the sinking sand under me. Even the nations mentioned by the prophet Ezekiel in chapter 38, whom God would destroy -- most of them were Muslim nations growing towards Islamic Fundamentalism today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What also helped me was that God led me to discover, through my study of the Bible, hundreds of detailed and unique verses concerning prophecies fulfilled to the letter. No man has ever presented such detailed predictions of future events without having more errors than truth. God is the only one that holds the key to future events and only the Bible has the key, not the Koran which lacks those most important elements of "Salvation and Redemption". I knew at that moment I would have to be a fool knowing all of this and continuing worshipping a different God than the God of the Bible. I really thought with my prayer, that God will lead me to the Koran, but that was not the case with me. In fact it was the other way around, I had to give up my pride and be open-minded to truth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God said in the Bible:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"For I am God, and there is no other; I am God and there is none like Me, declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things are not yet done, saying: My counsel shall stand, and I will do all My pleasure." Isaiah 46:9-10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God not only foretold future events, but declared them and brought them to pass, unlike the Koran which simply used terror tactics to conform Muslims to believe. Since I did not believe that the Bible was corrupted, I spent many days searching the Bible for Mohammad, as he claimed to be in it, but never found him. If the Bible had been corrupted it had to have happened after the prophet Mohammed since the Koran always addressed the Bible that was 'between his hands' at his time. From that time until now Muslims have failed to provide one single Bible from the face of the earth to prove the corruption, and not one historical or archeological evidence has been discovered to disprove the Bible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even the death of that Muslim prophet was different than the death of Jesus, as Mohammed died on the lap of his favorite wife, Aisha, while Jesus died on the cross in order to redeem man's sins.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I felt sad that hundreds of millions of Muslims today live without ever hearing or being challenged with this kind of evidence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was astonishing to me to find that Muslims and the rest of the world recognized three main religions that worship God even though God said that He is One and his Word is One.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was blind, but with the Bible only, I began to see -- I mean really SEE!!! With so much Biblical prophecy fulfilled showing the return of Israel from the grave and the attitudes of Muslims and the world towards Jews, the end time is near.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Man has never changed. He still kills his brother as Cain killed his brother Abel. The only difference is that we don't behead and stab each other in battles as much as we used to. We simply wage chemical warfare to exterminate each other like bugs as human life is becoming less and less valuable. I began to see that sin was the source of all man's problems and that the Devil was man's worst enemy, not the Jews, of whom Hitler exterminated 6 million less than 50 years ago. Ironically today, there is tons of literature being sold denying the incident even occurred. I wondered what would happen if a Hitler or a Mehdi or an Islamic Khalifa (Caliph) came to power and has what we have today: all these nuclear bombs capable of destroying earth seven times over. God led me to look at the world that I live in and ask myself if the world today so foolishly denies the Jewish Holocaust despite all the evidence we have, why should I still wonder why most of the world today denies the Messianic claim of Christ and the accuracy of the Bible -- especially when the evidence is all around.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God opened my heart and mind and led me to see how people today deny all the proofs He has provided for us in His Word, adapting themselves to false forms of worship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Lord began to show me the satanic influences which affected my way of thinking. Regardless of my Islamic background, I used to think these influences were from God.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was led to a new view of the world and the meaning of life and saw the need for salvation. Today, we all can see man's goal for a world government waiting for the Devil to be the king!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Babylon" is being revived from the grave to unite the world one more time; we have only changed its name to "The New World Order" when it should be called "The New Babylon". I started reading the Bible and began to wonder why Zechariah prophesied:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"For I will gather all the nations to battle against Jerusalem, the city shall be rifled, and the women ravished." -- Zechariah 14:2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Islam I was taught that the second coming of the Messiah was in Islamic prophecy. He was portrayed as the one to break the cross and kill the pig, another setup for Muslims to follow the "false" messiah, the Mehdi, the coming Antiochos Epiphinias.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contrary to Mohammed's prophecy, the Bible prepares its readers that the outcome of the siege in the time of Jacob's trouble will not be the total annihilation of the Jews but that Christ himself will descend on the Mount of Olives for judgment as He fights the enemies of Israel. Unfortunately, it will be too late for repentance and redemption for non-believers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The saddest part is that hatred towards Jews is not an old out-moded idea from the far past. Millions of Muslims today have the same sick idea that one day they will do the same to all Jews in the Holy Land as Mohammed did to the Jews in Saudi Arabia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In fact, the permission to kill Jews and Christians and to take their wives as concubines was engraved in the Islamic "Holy Koran" and is the main cause for the hatred of Jews by Muslims to this very day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The word "Truth" was stuck in my heart day and night, pounding on my soul as I continued to compare the two books and to finally conclude that the Bible could be proven beyond any shadow of a doubt to be true gold. Not only by hundreds of ancient prophecies that came to pass, but by one ancient word created by God from the time of Jacob until our generation. For all who doubt, that word was and still is 'Israel'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Israel's existence today, and the re-gathering of the Jews from ALL parts of the world is an irrefutable proof that the Holy Bible is the true Word of God. God scattered them throughout the whole world and then re-gathered them again from ALL nations back to their original land in fulfillment of His promises in the far past, until our present, for He said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I will gather you from ALL the nations, and from all the places where I have driven you, says the Lord, and I will bring you to the place from which I cause you to be carried away captive." -- Jeremiah 29:14&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The true God has never changed, He is still the same. I also learned that my enemy, the Jews, were chosen by God to write God's Word and God's plan for salvation through Jesus the Messiah, the only Messiah and Redeemer for man. I also learned that Jesus, the man from my hometown, was a Jew and that even my hometown was Jewish 'Beth-Lechem', which means 'Home of the Bread', as He said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am the Bread of Life, he who comes to me shall never hunger, and he who believes in me shall never thirst." -- John 6:35.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beth-Lechem was given its name before Jesus came to this world. Jesus was from the people of my enemy, the Jews. Yet, He died for my sin. I had never heard of an enemy who died for another enemy and loved him so much that he allowed Himself to be beaten, spat on, mocked and finally crucified. Would your enemy die for you? Yet He said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you." -- Matthew 5:44.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Truth was in front of my very eyes, knocking constantly on my heart, and wanting to come in. I called on The Truth and He answered, I was blind and sought the truth, and now I see. He knocked on my door and I opened, and now had set me free! Christ said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I am The Way, The Truth and The Life, no one comes to the Father except through Me." -- John 14:6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My way of thinking, my feelings, and my goals in life began to change. I began to feel for the Jewish people. All the hatred left me. The desire to see them hurt was no more a thing in my life. Now, I hurt for them and pray peace for Jerusalem continually. Instead of laughing at images of the Holocaust on TV, I weep for them. I am even ready to give my own life for them, as did my Lord. I say it despite the outpouring of hate that could come from my own fellow Arabs and Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yes, I say it to the whole world, I love Jews. I love them because of their Messiah. I love them because they brought Light to the world and through them came the Light and the Truth and for that I love Jews. I no longer despise them and I know from the Bible that the Jews are God's chosen people to give light to Arabs and to the whole world if we only allow them. For God made them a blessing to the world and we need to love and support them as God said to Abraham:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I will bless those who bless you and I will curse him who curses you, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed." -- Genesis 12:2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Knowing the truth transferred my way of thinking from believing in Hitler to believing in Christ, from believing lies to knowing the truth, from being spiritually sick to being healed, from living in darkness to seeing the light, from being damned to being saved, from doubt to faith, from hate to love, and from evil works to God's grace through Christ. This transformation taught me that without the (true) word of God, things could look good on the surface but in the core lies deception. I accepted Jesus the Messiah who died for all of our sins as my Lord and Savior; to Him I submit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jesus said:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Come to me all you labor, and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." -- Matthew 11:28&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you, Lord Jesus, for fulfilling your promise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Testimony of Suraj El-Din of Egypt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Islam is the main religion in fact, the state religion in my country. Our law is subject to the demands and teachings of Islam. But I am a traitor to Islam. I was born into a Muslim family and therefore knew nothing about Jesus Christ. I had many nominal Christian friends, and I asked one of them for a Bible. When I read it, I was surprised to find that God loves me and made a way to forgive my sins. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I learned that because Jesus Christ died on the cross, I could be saved and would not have to die for my sins. In studying Islam I had not found the way to know God. In studying the Bible I found that only Jesus could satisfy my hunger for Him. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I decided to believe in Jesus Christ and follow Him. When I did that, my life changed in a very good way. I had peace for the first time. I was baptized and became a member of a church. Then I began to speak about my newfound life in Jesus Christ in many churches and among my friends. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One day in December 1981 I talked with some people in a taxi about Jesus Christ. They led me to believe they were open to hear about the Lord. When I left the taxi, they asked for the address of my church and said they would like to attend. I gave them the address, not knowing I had already been reported because of my Christian faith. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That evening they came to the church, bringing the secret police with them. I was arrested without a warrant or any legal grounds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I arrived at the jail, one of the guards asked why I was there. When I told him it was because I was a Christian, he called the barber to shave my head. They kept me 5 days in solitary confinement, and I was not allowed to call my family or friends to tell them where I was. The guards beat me and said I could go free if I would renounce my faith in Christ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I refused, the officials transferred me to the prison for the most dangerous criminals in the country. I was never given a trial by a court of law. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was put in a small room in solitary confinement for the next 8 months. Although it is a law that all prisoners should have two blankets, when I asked for covers they said, No. You are a Christian. You will not get any covers. I slept on the rough cement floor, no bed, no blankets and continued through the winter without even the basic necessities other prisoners were given. Despite the extreme cold, I had an open window in my room and no heating. I received one meal a day made of lentils. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The had of the prison told me not to speak with anyone, as he was afraid others would believe in Jesus Christ. When the guard saw me speak with anyone, he would slap me hard and push me. Once when I was speaking with another prisoner who asked for a Bible, the head of the prison beat me with a whip. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many soldiers came to my door and said, You are a very bad man. You are an infidel. The door to my room was closed all day except for a 5 minute break to go to the rest room. The rest of the time I stayed alone in my room. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other prisoners were allowed to leave their rooms freely from 9 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a month and a half my family did not know where I was. When they asked for information, the police said they did not know. I made the acquaintance of a prisoner who was permitted to send letters out of the prison. He sent messages to my family and friends, telling them where I was. They came to the prison but were told I was not there. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My brother, an officer in the army, asked the secret police to tell him where I was so he could visit me and try to get me to renounce my faith in Jesus Christ. After his visit they decided to let three members of my family come, but they forbade visits of any friends, thinking they would be Christians and would try to encourage me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was not allowed to have any money, although all the necessities such as hot water in the winter and extra food were acquired with bribes given to the guards. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My friends wanted to give me food, money, and clothes, but the authorities refused. For 2 months I had only the clothes I had been wearing when arrested. Finally, my family was able to give me clothes and some food, and another prisoner who had extra privileges quietly gave me two covers. But still I had no bed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The secret police warned my family not to help me very much. They wanted to make things hard for me so I would give up my faith in Jesus Christ. Members of my family were afraid they would be killed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Occasionally the secret police would send a man to ask: Will you renounce your faith in Jesus Christ and be a good Muslim again? They would try to tempt me with the offer of money and a car, my freedom, and a job with the secret police. I said no. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When the authorities realized I would not give up my faith in Jesus Christ, they decided, with no explanation, to let me out of prison on bail. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The secret police told me not to go to any church and said if they saw me in church they would arrest me again and kill me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muslim law requires that anyone who converts from Islam to another religion should be killed. If another Muslim were to kill me for any reason, the government would excuse him, and he would not be arrested or even punished. I am considered a traitor to Islam, deserving to be killed. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MY CHOICE IS TO SERVE JESUS CHRIST. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Testimony of Samir from Iraq&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mightier than death&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was born into a conservative Muslim family in Iraq. Whilst in The Middle school, I was always disturbed when I heard my teacher explaining how Islam spread by wars and battles lead by Mohamed or his successors. Even in the Muslim prayers there is no appeal for God to change their manners and behavior but rather their surrounding circumstances. So whilst my teacher was talking about the Islamic heroism of their wars and battles, I viewed them as war crimes that encourage hatred, malice, killing and stealing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As time passed, I finished my middle school and was forced to join the army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the army I became an armored tank driver. When the war between Iraq and Iran irrupted in the early 1980s, I refused to participate in the war. I chose the path of peace and love over the road of killing and destruction. I realized that my choice would result in dangerous consequences; it meant prison time, torture and probably death.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I decided to escape from the army. When I asked my fellow soldiers If any of them were willing to come with me, they refused and I had to escape alone amidst heavy bombardment and dangerous land mines until I miraculously arrived at my House in the city of EL MOUSEL &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I arrived home, I was shocked that my family refused to accept, or even allow me to stay in the house, but rather they tried to force me to go back to the front line to continue the war. So I decided to escape the country to go to Syria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately I was caught trying to cross the border to Syria when two nomad informers for the Iraqi army arrested me. They handed me over to the Iraqi army at city of "Rabbia" where I was tortured severely and left blindfolded waiting to be executed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead they decided to send me to the Iraqi Central Intelligent service in Baghdad to await being court marshaled for capital treason (escaping the military service in time of war is capital treason and in punishable by death).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I spent 16 months in a human army prison waiting for a trial, until I finally went to court and was confronted by the two nomad capture’s who acted as the prosecution’s main witnesses. At this difficult time I prayed for God to deliver me from this dangerous situation. Mysteriously enough, the court set me free for lack of evidence because one of the two witnesses was deaf and blind and so not able to testify legally before the court. At this very moment I felt the deep love of God, who delivered me and I felt more confident about him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Later I was forced to go back to participate in the ongoing war and I found myself driving a tank one more time. I decided to escape again regardless of my past escape experience. This time I fled to the Iraqi City of Kordestan towards the Iranian boarder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For 400 miles I walked through minefields and climbed mountains until I arrived at the boarder. There I was detained in a refugee camp that looked more like a prison, where we were forced to practice the teachings of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So I decided to run again, this time to Pakistan, for three days and three nights I had to walk with no food or water till I almost died.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was homeless in Pakistan for a year until I decided to cross over to India despite all the danger at the boarder because of the tension between India and Pakistan. Once again God delivered me miraculously. During all that time I felt that God was always by my side protecting me from all the danger not knowing what good he was preparing for me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;God started dealing with me directly when I arrived at Katmandu the capital of Nepal, south of China. There I got sick and had to go to the hospital where I met a Christian nurse that worked in the hospital’s "Christian Committee".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She introduced me to a community of missionaries from all over the world. They were living in the same place called Della M House. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those people came to this remote area for the sole purpose of serving Christ. They went to prisons, hospitals and poor areas to preach The Gospel of Jesus. I was invited to go to their house and I didn’t hesitate to do so. When I went there I saw simple people full of love, benevolence and the desire to help the poor in the name of Jesus who gave himself for all the humanity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I stayed in their house for thirty days receiving the best medical treatment by every one there. That time was the best time of my life; I learnt about Jesus the loving God who had always protected me all my life. Every morning we would gather around the breakfast table, to sing praises, and to study The Bible as if the Lord Jesus himself was with us. Later in the day each missionary would go to his or her ministry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There I learned more about Jesus, and about praying for other people, as well as praying before eating and The ‘Our Father’ prayer too. They told me about the atoning death of Jesus. I felt so loved by those people because I was persecuted and looking for peace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although they asked me repeatedly to stay with them, I made a bad choice, and decided to leave them to run after that phantom dream called freedom. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So I left them and went to Thailand, and not so long after it I found myself lingering amongst cities and ports exhausted. Until I felt so helpless that I decided to go back home where killings were widespread. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I went back I didn’t care what would happen to me because I trusted in Jesus’ love for me no matter what. As soon as I arrived I was arrested and interrogated by the Iraqi intelligence service where they imprisoned and tortured me. Later on I was sent to court falsely accused, and they hoped to convict and executed me&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I went to court full of faith in the Lord’s love and care for me. The court ruled that I would be imprisoned for 20 years instead of executing me. I was overwhelmed with joy that they were not going to execute me. They sent me to the central prison as a political prisoner. I spent one year there until the Iraqi government was forced to set all the political prisoners free (eight Iraqi officials were taken as hostages by the Kurdish rebels and they were exchanged for all the Iraqi political prisoners).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As soon as they released me, I decided to go back to that missionary house in Katmandu, where I first encountered the love of Christ. But whilst I was planning my departure, the Iraqi army invaded Kuwait and I was forced again to join the army. One more time I escaped from the front line to the Saudi boarder towards the American troops stationed there. But the Saudi army arrested me instead and I was once again imprisoned for 18 months in a desert cage not even fit for wild animal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Lord strengthened me and I endured this tough time until I was released. I managed to escape to the United States where I met my fellow &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evangelical Christians who helped to live and walk with Jesus. I am will always be thankful to the Lord that he never forgot me but instead he led me from the darkness and into the light of the Gospel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Glory to God forever and ever, Amen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Samir &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even a nun Jacqueline converts to follow Glorious Gospel of Christ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From a Nun's Convent to Biblical Conversion&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forty five years of my life were spent as a Roman Catholic; twenty-two of them as a nun in an enclosed convent dedicated to adoration, reparation and suffering. I believed it was a nun's calling to be a miniature savior of the world like Jesus Christ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After attending Catholic elementary school for eight years and memorizing catechism which is the Roman Catholic textbook, I believed in my heart that a family having a son or daughter become a priest or nun would receive God's favor and special blessings. I decided to enter the convent when I was old enough to leave home. This was my goal while I was still in my teens. On my twenty-first birthday, 1954, I entered the convent against my parent's wishes. My belief in my calling to be a nun superseded my parent's vehement opposition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even though it broke my heart to leave my parents, I consoled myself in the fact that I was doing God's will by making this sacrifice for the salvation of my family and all those outside the Catholic faith who I believed were doomed to hell.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At first, I was in awe of the solitude, structural beauty and peacefulness the convent seemed to have. I was taught to do penance such as sleeping on a board, prostrating myself at the door of the dining room as an act of humiliation, and beating myself as a means of appeasing God's wrath. This taught me to believe in a punishing, unapproachable and unloving God. I feared Him at every turn of my life. As time went on, emptiness filled my heart and hopelessness engulfed me. I became depressed, often crying while I raged with anger at authority and hatred for the rules and customs in the convent that were very cruel. My body developed all kinds of illnesses and I found myself with a tremor that only Valium could help. All the time, the medication was dulling my mind and taking away my ability to think and reason.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was so hungry to know that God loved me and so wanting to know Him that I started reading mystical writings which taught that you could attain mystical union with God, thereby achieving supernatural knowledge of Him which led to total holiness. This path directed me to supernaturalize not only the Bible and Jesus, but anything to do with my religious life. Step by step I lost my ability to reason and deal with reality for reality was too painful for me to face.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still feeling hopeless and so despondent, I cried out to God. In His mercy and grace He heard my prayers. In 1975, a distant cousin who had become a Christian brought an evangelist who was visiting New York to the convent. He was holding a street meeting at a nearby Catholic parish. I received permission to go and for the first time I heard the true Gospel. It certainly was Good News! For God so loved the world , that he gave his only begotten Son, (Jesus Christ) that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life (Jn. 3:16). I learned that Jesus died for my sins, past, present and future. When I accepted Him as my Lord and Saviour and repented of my sins, He made my dead spirit alive and began a personal relationship between the Lord and myself. This is the gift of God to those who believe -- For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast (Eph. 2:8,9). How important to know that we must individually trust and believe in Him. …if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved (Rom. 10:9).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After personally accepting Jesus Christ as my Lord and Saviour, I started to read my Bible and pray directly to God. In 1977 I left the convent and started on my quest to know the truth. God's Word became my only authority and everything else was measured against the Bible. But this was just the beginning. I did not realize the serious harm false doctrines and beliefs had created in my body and mind.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through a friend I met a Christian who helped me see that being a doer of the Word brings healing to the body and clarity to the mind. For through the new birth we can have the mind of Christ. It has not been an easy road, but it has been one filled with God's love and blessing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Lord has been faithful to me in the promises of His Word. He promised, "And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten…" (Joel 2:25). This enabled me to begin a new life filled with joy and a true inner peace that neither the world nor religion can give.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is my hope and prayer that I might have the privilege of sharing the love and goodness of God by telling all who hear that He has a plan for each life and is faithful to accomplish that plan when we receive the gift of salvation by believing in His Son.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him (1 Cor. 2:9). AMEN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For there and many more testimonies even in Arabic French and also audio please &lt;br /&gt;visit &lt;br /&gt;http://www.arabicbible.com/testimonies/testimonial.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6306722029901512094-5719928720962818356?l=jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/feeds/5719928720962818356/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6306722029901512094&amp;postID=5719928720962818356&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6306722029901512094/posts/default/5719928720962818356'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6306722029901512094/posts/default/5719928720962818356'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jesusfreak-lawi.blogspot.com/2007/12/testimonies-from-christian-arabs.html' title='Testimonies from Christian Arabs'/><author><name>lawrence mwangi</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3bSDjQdFCRA/S79_KxwnZAI/AAAAAAAAAHM/mJTVpDUMqDg/S220/lawey+2.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6306722029901512094.post-1037408644173058115</id><published>2007-10-16T06:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-20T14:16:49.907-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Why the Bible disagree with the Quran</title><content type='html'>Despite similarities, stemming from the same subject matter, history and persons mentioned, the Bible and the Quran differ widely on fundamental concepts of faith and practice in religion. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;There are at least two possible reasons: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The Bible and the Quran do not stem from the same source, i.e. one of the two, or both, are of human or spiritist origin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The Bible or the Quran, or both, have undergone editing and consequently the original nature and message has become lost. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In that case one of the two books, or both, contain error and cannot be termed reliable and trustworthy. Both Muslims and Christians are absolutely convinced of the divine origin, reliability and total trustworthiness of their respective book. One (or both) must be false. In that case very many millions of followers of the respective faiths base their hopes for eternity on error or even deception. &lt;br /&gt;Representatives of both faiths have set out to prove their point, but since everyone is already committed to a definite conviction, objectivity is hardly possible. I, as a Christian, most probably am not as objective towards Islam as I should be - and neither will the Muslim reader be unbiased towards the Bible. &lt;br /&gt;Within the framework of these studies we shall look only at scriptural and historical facts that are established, and will not engage in philosophical polemics. We do not want to argue about theological concepts either, but desire rather to discuss those that can be checked tested and verified by anyone, anywhere - provided one is able to turn to the sources mentioned. For that reason an attempt has been made to document all assertions as thoroughly as possible. &lt;br /&gt;In recent years the Quran has undergone a process of spiritualisation. Some Muslims actually use Christian concepts, foreign to Quranic and traditional thinking, and explain that this is the spirit of Islam. These sentiments are difficult to accept unless they can be substantiated in the Islamic literature of old. &lt;br /&gt;Since the Bible existed before the Quran, the difference between the two may be solved by providing: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Evidence that proves that the Quran is based on a false or poor understanding and knowledge of the earlier revelation (God cannot change, and will not give contradictory statements to different prophets!); &lt;br /&gt;2. Evidence that proves a change was made in the message of the Bible by Jews and/or Christians, with acceptable reasons for doing so. &lt;br /&gt;The Quran repeatedly and emphatically states that the Torah and Gospel - we take this to stand for the Old and New Testaments - are revelations by the same God as the God of the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;What the Quran teaches about the Bible &lt;br /&gt;"Say ye: 'We believe in Allah, and the revelation given to us, and to Abraham, Ismail, Jacob, and the Tribes, and that given to Moses, and Jesus, and that given to all prophets from their Lord: WE MAKE NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE AND ANOTHER OF THEM." (S. Baqara 2:136). &lt;br /&gt;"Allah! There is no God but He, - the Living, the Selfsubsisting, Eternal ... He sent down Law (of Moses) and the Gospel (of Jesus) ... as a guide to mankind." (S. Al-i-Imran 3:2-3). &lt;br /&gt;"0 ye who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Apostle - and the scripture which He sent before them". (S. Nisaa 4:136). &lt;br /&gt;"It was We who revealed the Law (to Moses); therein was guidance and light ... if any do fail to judge by the light of what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) unbelievers ... We sent Jesus, the son of Mary, confirming the Law that had come before him: We sent him the Gospel: Therein was guidance and light ... a guidance and an admonition to those who fear Allah. LET THE PEOPLE OF THE GOSPEL JUDGE BY WHAT ALLAH HATH REVEALED THERElN. IF ANY DO FAIL TO JUDGE BY THE LIGHT OF WHAT ALLAH HATH REVEALED, THEY ARE (no better than) THOSE WHO REBEL. Judge. . . what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires ... "(S. Ma-ida 5:44,46,47,49). &lt;br /&gt;"People of the Book! ... Stand fast by the Law, the Gospel, and all the revelation that hath come to you from YOUR LORD. It is the revelation that has come to thee from THY LORD." (ibid. vs. 68). &lt;br /&gt;"The Quran is ... a confirmation of (revelations) that went before it". (S. Yi'inus 10:37). &lt;br /&gt;"If thou wert in doubt as to what We have revealed unto thee, then ask those who have been reading the Book from before thee. The truth had indeed come to thee from thy Lord." (ibid. vs. 94). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"AND DISPUTE YE NOT WITH THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK ... BUT SAY: WE BELIEVE IN THE REVELATION WHICH HAS COME DOWN TO US AND THAT WHICH CAME DOWN TO YOU". (S. Ankabut 29:46). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This is a book which We have revealed, bringing blessings, and confirming (the revelations) which came before it: that thou mayest warn the Mother of Cities and all around her." (Sura 6:92). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What else does this mean, than that Mohammed claims to bring revelation to Mecca and the Arabs, confirming and establishing what was sent before him? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Before thee, also, the apostles We sent were but men, to whom We granted inspiration: If ye realize this not, ASK OF THOSE WHO POSSESS THE MESSAGE (Sura 21:7). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We can clearly see that the Quran presupposes the divine revelation of "the Book" and its unpolluted content at the time of the prophet Mohammed. The Quran criticises, however, the twisting and misinterpretation of "the Book": &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Ye People of the Book! Why do ye clothe truth with falsehood and conceal the truth, while ye have knowledge? (S. Al-i-Imran 3:71). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There is among them a section who distort the Book with their tongues: (as they read) you would think it is part of the Book, but it is no part of the Book." (S. ibid. vs. 78). (All emphasis in the quotations is my own). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there is anything that comes out very clearly, it is that the Quran is emphatic that the Torah and the Gospel are revelation from God. This is what Christians believe too. The Quran says in this regard: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"No change can there be in the words of Allah" (Sura 10:64) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"There is none that can alter the words of Allah" (Sura 6:34).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Besides that, history and archaeology prevent one from arguing that the Bible has undergone any change since its official canonisation in A.D. 324. In fact almost all portions of the New Testament in their present form were in general circulation among the churches of the Second Century A.D. It was by general agreement at a Council of the bishops of 318 churches that all these were fully recognized and accepted as Apostolic and inspired. When Mohammed referred to "the Book" or "Taurat" or "Injil", he referred, no doubt, to what was in circulation in Arabia in his day and age. If words mean anything at all, then Mohammed referred to this "Book" (al-Kitab) as revelation. We take this as an established fact on the strength of the above evidence, unless it can be proved wrong. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why should a Jew or Christian before or after the time of Mohammed be interested in changing God's revelation? Does he want to go to hell?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"I warn every one who hears the words of the prophecy of this book; if any one adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book, and if any one takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book." (Revelation 22:18-19). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These are virtually the last verses of the Bible. The only conceivable reason to bring about changes would be that the Quran differs from the "Book". Consequently there are two possibilities: either the Christians refusing to accept the Quran tried to change all similarities between the Bible and the Quran; or Muslims seeing that the "Book" was in contrast to the Quran, expediently claim that the Bible must have been corrupted. The first assumption is against all evidence and logic.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;QUESTION:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why do Muslims keep on claiming that the Bible is corrupt? When was the Bible allegedly polluted? Why does the Quran not clearly state that it was polluted? &lt;br /&gt;There are differences between the Bible and the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;The Quran states that both the Torah and Gospel are revealed. But in contrast, it also claims that Jesus was not crucified: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"They (the Jews) said (in boast), 'We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Apostle of Allah', - but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them ... " (Sura 4:157). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The crucifixion receives the widest attention in the Gospel and was unmistakably prophesied in the Old Testament some 700-1000 years before it happened. See "Christians Answer Muslims", pages 48 ff., 97 ff. &lt;br /&gt;In Sura 19:35 we are informed that &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"it beseemeth not God to beget a son" &lt;br /&gt;and near the end of the Quran (Sura 112:3) it says: &lt;br /&gt;"He begetteth not, nor is He begotten", &lt;br /&gt;which is also part of the Rak'at. &lt;br /&gt;This again, is in contrast to the Bible. The words "it is not befitting Allah that He should beget a son" (Sura 19:35 and 92) suggest a physical act, which is as outrageous to Christians as it is to Muslims. &lt;br /&gt;Jesus was born of a virgin. She asked: &lt;br /&gt;" 'How shall I have a son, seeing that no man has touched me, and I am not unchaste?' He (an angel) said: 'So (it will be): Thy Lord saith, 'That is easy for me: and (We wish) to appoint him as a sign unto men and a mercy from Us.' " (Sura 19:2-21). &lt;br /&gt;This, as in the Bible, does not indicate a begetting act. The whole concept of the "begotten" son is based on a misconception. In the original Greek the word "monogenes" is used, which means "only born". That God by the word of His power was the initiator of the pregancy of Mary is as clearly reflected in the Qur'an (Sura 19:16-22) as it is in the Bible. Even so, Islam assumed the Bible to teach that Jesus was "begotten", i.e. sexually conceived, an act which cannot possibly perceived of God: "It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son", we read. But immediately the biblical position is presented: "Glory be to Him! When He determines a matter, he only says to it 'be', and it is." (Sura 19:35). &lt;br /&gt;A very similar misunderstanding we find in the concept of the "Trinity", which according to the Quran is understood to consist of Jesus and Mary besides God, God being one of three (Sura 5:116). This is in no way in keeping with the biblical texts. Christians believe in what the Bible teaches. In both the Old Testament (B.C.) and the New Testament we know of ONE God only. ("Christians Answer Muslims, pp. 92 ff.). It is a tragedy that many Muslims think that Christians worship three gods. This is indeed not the case. &lt;br /&gt;There are, moreover, many other differences between the Quran and the Bible, which are more of an historical nature than doctrinal: &lt;br /&gt;Noah escaped the flood, but his son drowned (Sura 11:42-46) according to the Quran narrative, but he (Noah) escaped with his wife, three sons and their wives (Genesis 6:7,18) in the Bible. &lt;br /&gt;The angel, announcing the birth of John the Baptist (Yahya) to his father, says: &lt;br /&gt;"We bring thee tidings of a son, whose name shall be John: we have not caused any to bear the same name before him" (Sura 19:7 according to George Sale's translation). &lt;br /&gt;or &lt;br /&gt;"No namesake have We given him aforetime" (according to A.J. Arberry's translation). &lt;br /&gt;or &lt;br /&gt;"that name we have given to none before him" (Palmer's and Rodwell's translation). &lt;br /&gt;This is incorrect. Johanan, the Hebrew form of John (Jahveh's Gift) was quite a common name, mentioned in the Old Testament. Yusuf Ali in his translation transliterates this statement therefore as "on none by that name have We conferred distinction before." His explanation: &lt;br /&gt;"... for we read of a Johanan ... in II Kings 25:23." &lt;br /&gt;Is a "translator" allowed to change a text like this to correct an error? &lt;br /&gt;Abraham was the son of Azar in Sura 6:74 and the son of Terah in Genesis 11:27. Who would change a name from early history at random? What purpose would it serve? None. Only an error can be responsible. Does Azar stand for Eliezer? He is mentioned in Genesis 15:2 as a servant of Abraham. &lt;br /&gt;Worse differences occur in the narrative about Moses. We are rightly told that Imran (Biblical Amram) was the father of Moses, Aaron and Miriam (by implication in Suras 19:28, 66:12, 20:25-30). &lt;br /&gt;But that this Miriam (or Mary) is the mother of Jesus (who was actually born 1500 years later!) is rather unlikely. &lt;br /&gt;The explanation offered by Yusuf Ali that she and her cousin Elizabeth were called "sisters of Aaron", because they were (in the case of Mary, "presumably": comm. 375) of a priestly family, is rather vague. The phrase, it is suggested, was derived from Luke 1:5, where Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist, being of priestly descent, was called "of the daughters of Aaron". What Yusuf Ali does not explain, is that the father of Aaron and Mary, the mother of Jesus, happens to be Imran according to the Quran. This, no doubt, shows human error which can hardly be regarded as a copying mistake. It is based on lack of knowledge of, or information about, the Bible. &lt;br /&gt;That Moses was adopted by Pharaoh's wife (Sura 28:9) is contradicted by Exodus 2:10, where he was adopted by Pharaoh's daughter (otherwise he would also have been adopted by Pharaoh himself). &lt;br /&gt;Moses' wife - we understand from the context (in Sura 28:22-28), that this must be Zipporah the daughter of Jethro - was given to Moses in exchange for 8-10 years' service. The Bible does not account for this (Exodus 2:16-22). We are, however, strongly reminded of Genesis 29:18 where Jacob pledges to serve Laban 7 years in exchange for Rachel. This was approximately 220 years prior to the time of Moses. Again we should like to inquire what possible purpose could any man have in changing the words of the Bible in historical narratives like these? Or could it have been Mohammed who confused some the stories he had heard? &lt;br /&gt;The same applies to the statement that Haman was a servant of Pharaoh. According to the Quran, he is ordered by Pharaoh to light a kiln to bake bricks out of clay to "build me a lofty palace" (Sura 28:38, Yusuf Ali); or "high tower that I may ascend unto the God of Moses" (G. Sales); or "a tower, that I may reach the avenues of the heavens and ascend unto the God of Moses" (by Palmer and Rodwell); or "and make me a tower that I may mount up to Moses' god" (by Arberry). &lt;br /&gt;We do recall the building of the tower of Babel in the Bible. But this event in Genesis 11 occurred 750 years before the time of Pharaoh in Exodus, and Haman (Book of Esther) lived 1100 years after Pharaoh. Yusuf Ali suggests (comm. 3331) that this refers to another Haman, but there is none other by that name in the Bible. We find it strange that Yusuf Ali in contrast to all other translators, speaks of a lofty palace, rather than a tower. Did he want to obscure the obvious similarities, which are embarrassing because they are historical misfits? &lt;br /&gt;In the Bible (Judges 7) we read how God made Gideon select his small army of 300 from 32,000 men, for a special task. In Sura 2:249 we read of a very similar event, but this time under King Saul. Yusuf Ali in his commentary is aware of this, and remarks "as Gideon did before Saul" (comm. 284). This deed of Saul's is not found in the Bible and we take it to be another error. &lt;br /&gt;Muslims believe that Ishmael was the son to be offered by Abraham on the altar. The Bible states that it was Isaac. This incidence highlights the whole concept of sacrifice, where a wide difference between the two Books can be detected. &lt;br /&gt;Idu'l-Azha is based on Sura 22:34-37 where it says, inter alia: &lt;br /&gt;"We have appointed for every nation a holy rite that they may mention Allah's name over such beasts of the flocks as He has provided them ... And the beasts of sacrifice - We have appointed them for you as among Allah's waymarks; therein is good for you ... The flesh of them shall not reach Allah, neither their blood (!). But godliness from you shall reach Him." &lt;br /&gt;The Christian reader immediately notices in the above a total contradiction of the Biblical message. &lt;br /&gt;"Where I see the blood, I will pass over you." (Exodus 12:13). &lt;br /&gt;These are the words of God to Moses and the Jews after telling them that by applying the blood of a sacrifice to the lintels and doorposts of their homes, their families would escape the judgment of God that would strike Egypt. &lt;br /&gt;"The life of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it for you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement, by reason of the life." (Leviticus 17:11). &lt;br /&gt;This is a concise statement, representing the very heart of the Law given to Moses. Although this ultimately points to the sacrifice of Jesus, who ratified all the offerings presented by the people under the Old Covenant, the demand of God still stands: &lt;br /&gt;"Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins (Hebrews 9:22). &lt;br /&gt;It is a misjudgment of God's holiness and man's sinful nature to assume that our good deeds will ever be able to compensate for the evil in our lives. &lt;br /&gt;The origin of Idu'l-Azha can be traced back to the year when, a few months after the Hejira, Mohammed observed the Jews of Medina celebrating the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16) and he saw the role that sacrifice played among the people of the Book, the Jews. A Tradition records that Mohammed asked them why they kept the fast. He was informed that it was a memorial to the deliverance of Israel under Moses from the hands of the Egyptians. &lt;br /&gt;"We have a greater right in Moses than they" said Mohammed and fasted with the Jews, commanding his followers to do the same. &lt;br /&gt;The following year the initially friendly atmosphere between the Muslims and Jews had deteriorated and with it the Qibla was changed from Jerusalem to Mecca. Mohammed and his followers did not participate in the "Yom Kippur" (Day of Atonement) celebrated then. Instead, he instituted the Idu'l-Azha. He killed two young goats, one for himself and his family and one for the people (See Leviticus 16), still remaining true to Biblical demands. Idolatrous Arabs had been performing the annual Hajj to Mecca at this time of the year. The sacrifice of animals was also part of their ceremonial, so the institution of Idu'l-Azha may be seen also as a well-timed token of goodwill towards the Arabs of Mecca. &lt;br /&gt;Although there is no reference in the Quran to the fact, it is generally accepted by Muslims that this feast was instituted to commemorate Abraham's sacrifice of his son Ishmael on Mount Mina near Mecca. &lt;br /&gt;The reason for the above assumption is as follows: if Abraham's "only son" (Genesis 22:2) was offered, Isaac could not have been born at that stage, for Ishmael could not have been the only son anymore. But Genesis 22:2 is quite clear on this point. It actually states the name Isaac. In Sura 37:100-111 the story of the sacrifice of Abraham's son is recorded without naming the son: "We gave him the good news of a boy ready to suffer and forbear". Although this Sura deviates somewhat from the Biblical narrative, the event of the sacrifice is reported. As a parallel passage we should mention Sura 11:71, where, however, the chronology of the event has been somewhat mixed up. &lt;br /&gt;The reference in Sura 37 culminates in the words: &lt;br /&gt;"We ransomed him (the son) with (another) momentous (or noble) sacrifice." (My emphasis). &lt;br /&gt;The Islamic concept that Ishmael was on the altar can be supported only by the Traditions (Yusuf Ali Commentary, note 4096, 4101) ("Dictionary of Islam", page 219). Bearing everything in mind we are tempted to conclude that the Islamic view is motivated by expediency. &lt;br /&gt;Regarding the meaning of the sacrifice (Qurban = "approaching near", to whom? How? Why?), Muslims deny any implication of Biblical concepts whatsoever; we hold that this is not legitimate, since we are dealing with Biblical narrative and content. To the Muslim the Qurban is merely a remembrance rite to make one think of Ishmael. But even in the Quran, although denied in other passages (Sura 22:37), the issue is clear: "Ransomed by sacrifice"! Liberated from death by someone else stepping in, a momentous, noble sacrifice to redeem Isaac (or Ishmael, if you wish). &lt;br /&gt;Here is Biblical ground. Here is the pointer to the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. He became the momentous noble sacrifice to die in our stead! Today Idu'l-Azha is a feast of rejoicing. But the sacrifice is not interpreted as being a ransom! Muslims claim that Abraham took Hagar and Ishmael, as a baby yet unweaned, to Paran (believed by Muslims to be near Mecca). This clashes with the Genesis account in the following respects: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) &lt;br /&gt;Hagar and Ishmael were sent away, unaccompanied by Abraham, when &lt;br /&gt;b) &lt;br /&gt;Isaac had already been born, i.e. Ishmael was at least 14 years old (and not weaned!). &lt;br /&gt;c) &lt;br /&gt;Paran is not near Mecca but is south of Israel in the Sinai Peninsula. &lt;br /&gt;We noted that in Genesis 22:2 Isaac is called Abraham's only son. This is biologically incorrect, but legally correct, for it obviously refers to: &lt;br /&gt;i) &lt;br /&gt;the covenant bearer (Genesis 21:12); and &lt;br /&gt;ii) &lt;br /&gt;Abraham's marriage to Sarah (Hagar was Abraham's concubine) &lt;br /&gt;A Muslim may contend that the given Quranic text is "nazil", or has come as revelation from heaven: God knows about the matter and it need not have been reported in the Bible for Him to know. Of course God knows all things, past present and future. He revealed many events of the future comprehensively through the prophets in the Bible to demonstrate His authorship, and every reader is able to check and test if the facts reveal the divine imprint. But judging unemotionally, just guided by the evidence, Christians fail to see any divine imprint in the Quran. See pp. 39 ff. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: How can one, in the light of the opening text of this chapter, account for these differences? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONTRADICTIONS WITHIN THE QURAN &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Do they not consider the Quran? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein much discrepancies." (Sura 4:82). &lt;br /&gt;This verse is further amplified by the already quoted texts: &lt;br /&gt;"No change can there be in the Words of Allah (Sura 10:64)&lt;br /&gt;"There is none that can alter the Words of Allah (Sura 6:34) &lt;br /&gt;We Christians believe this too. Let us assume for a moment that there is no discrepancy between the message of the Bible and the Quran, which, as we have seen, is not the case, and consider the Quran on its own. &lt;br /&gt;The problem of abrogation. &lt;br /&gt;"When We substitute one revelation for another, - and Allah knows best what He reveals, - they say 'Thou art a forger: But most of them understand not. Say, the Holy Spirit has brought the revelation from thy Lord in truth." &lt;br /&gt;"None of our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar--Knowest thou not that Allah hath power over all things?....Would you question your Apostle as Moses was questioned of old?" (Suras 16:101 and 2:106,108). &lt;br /&gt;We should like to find out how a divine revelation can be improved. We would have expected it to have been perfect and true right from the start. Yusuf Ali tries to explain: &lt;br /&gt;"....it means that God's message from age to age is always the same, but that its form may differ according to the needs and exigencies of the time. Some commentators apply it also to the Ayat (revelation) of the Quran. There is nothing derogatory in this if we believe in progressive revelation.&lt;br /&gt;In Sura 3:7 we are told distinctly about the Quran, that some of its verses are basic and fundamental, and others are allegorical, and it is mischievous to treat the allegorical verses and follow them (literally)." (comm 107). &lt;br /&gt;This is fully acceptable. God has revealed His Word progressively, the revelation being levelled at the comprehension and culture of the people to whom it was first given. Everybody will agree that an allegory should not be taken literally. But what about the law of 'mansukh' (=abrogated verse; please note Sura 2:106 does not speak of intellect, culture or progressive revelation with reference to scriptures given prior to Mohammed, but to Quranic verses only!) and 'nasikh' (=the verses that take the place of the mansukh verses)? . &lt;br /&gt;We must recognize one important principle: If we want to know what a certain passage really means we have to make a proper exegesis. We have to establish what exactly the text in question was intended to say to the original hearers. How did they understand it? Only having done that can we interpret a text in today's situation without distortion. There are various possible ways of establishing the original meaning, but one should also look at the very old commentaries and see how they understood and interpreted the text. &lt;br /&gt;The "Tafsir-i-Azizi" explains three kinds of abrogations (=cancellations): &lt;br /&gt;i) where a verse has been removed from the Quran and another given in its place;&lt;br /&gt;ii) where the injunction (command) is abrogated and the letters of the verse remain; !&lt;br /&gt;iii) where both the verse and its injunction are removed from the text&lt;br /&gt;Jalalu'd-Din, says that the number of abrogated verses has been variously estimated to range from 5 to 500 ("Dictionary of Islam", page 520) &lt;br /&gt;In his 'Itqan' he furnished a list of 20 verses, which are acknowledged by all commentators to be abrogated ("Dictionary of Islam", page 520). &lt;br /&gt;Just a few be mentioned here: &lt;br /&gt;The Qibla (prayer direction) was changed from Jerusalem to Mecca (Sura 2:142-144); &lt;br /&gt;The division of inheritance left by parents or other relatives according to Sura 4:7 had to be equal (a share and a share which has to be determined). This was abrogated and replaced by verse 11, where it is commanded that males must get double the share of females. &lt;br /&gt;The night prayer performed by reciting the Quran ought to be more or less half the time of the night (Sura 73:2). This was changed to as much as may be easy for you (verse 20). &lt;br /&gt;The treatment of adulteresses is to be life imprisonment (Sura 4:15), which was changed to flogging with 100 strokes (Sura 24:2). This despite the leniency prescribed for homosexuals (Sura 4:16) on repenting. &lt;br /&gt;The retaliation in cases of crime, particularly murder, was to be confined to people of equal rank (slave for slave, free for free etc.) (Sura 2:178) This is in disagreement with Sura 5:48 and Sura 17:33 where retaliation is allowed against the murderer only. &lt;br /&gt;The Jihad or Holy War was forbidden in the sacred months (Sura 9:5) but is allowed, even encouraged in verse 36 which replaces the former. &lt;br /&gt;"Sura 2:106 occurs immediately before a series of sweeping changes, or rather modifications, introduced by Muhammad in both the ritual and the legal spheres.The verse thus precedes a change in the Qibla (vss. 115,177,124-151); in the pilgrimage rites (vs. 158); in the dietary laws (vss. 168-l74); in the law relating to talio (vss. 178-179); in bequests (vss. 180-182); in the fast (vss. 182-187); and again in the pilgrimage (vss. 191-203). &lt;br /&gt;Similarly, Sura 16:101 is followed by allusions to modifications in the dietary laws (vss 114-119), and in the Sabbath laws (vs.124)" ("The Collection of the Quran" by John Burton). &lt;br /&gt;Elaborating on this we note that the fast is compulsory "but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the prescribed number (should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (with hardship) is a ransom, the feeding of one, that is indigent." (Sura 2:184). &lt;br /&gt;"'Here one can hardly escape the conclusion that the first verse (i.e. 184) allows a rich man to buy himself out of the fast." ("Islam" by A. Guillaume). The next verse is said to replace the former. It allows no compensation of any kind for the fast. &lt;br /&gt;In verse 180 of the same Sura "it is prescribed, when death approaches any of you, if he leaves any goods, that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin....". This is said to be replaced by Sura 4:11, according to which a double portion of inheritance falls to males compared to that of females. &lt;br /&gt;The much discussed "verses of the sword": "....fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them and seize them, beleaguer them and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (or war)." (Sura 9:5) and "....when you meet the unbelievers (in fight) cut off their necks..." (Sura 47:4) are "said to have cancelled no less than 124 verses which enjoined toleration and patience." (A. Guillaume). &lt;br /&gt;To us it is surprising to find the mansukh and nasikh verses often near to each other. We judge these to be cases of interpolation. &lt;br /&gt;As stated earlier, we do believe in progressive revelation. The Old Covenant of the Law, as given to Moses, was superseded by the New Covenant of grace, which Jesus introduced. But these developments took place over a considerable time (1 500 years) with many prophetic warnings and predictions in between, so that no arbitrary action may be assumed on the side of God. In the light of this we find it unacceptable that within a space of 20 years a need for change or correction can become necessary. This surely suggests that God is either not all-knowing or else the recorder made a correction. &lt;br /&gt;There are other verses which further add to the confusion: &lt;br /&gt;"If we wished, we could make away with what we have revealed to you!" (Sura 17:86). "We shall teach you to recite it (i.e. the Quran) and you will not forget - except that Allah wills (Sura 87:6-7). &lt;br /&gt;Why should anything be forgotten of an eternal revelation? To "substitute for it something better"? We do admit that an inspired man can err at times, but an inspired book (nazil) cannot! &lt;br /&gt;Zarkasi explains the above concept more deeply. He states (vol. I p. 235): &lt;br /&gt;"The 'naskh' (sic) of the wording and recital occured by means of God's causing them to forget it. He withdrew it from their memories, while commanding them to neglect its public recital and its recording in the mushaf. With the passage of time, it would quite disappear like the rest of God's revealed Books which He mentions in the Quran, but nothing of which is known today. This can have happened either during the Prophet's life so that, when he died, the forgotten material was no longer being recited as part of the Quran; or it might have happened after the death of the Prophet. It would still be extant in writing, but God would cause them to forget it. He would then remove it from their memories. But, of course, the naskh of any part of the revelation after the death of the Prophet is not possible." ("The Collection of the Quran" by John Burton p.97). &lt;br /&gt;We suggest that Allah could have spared us a lot of confusion, doubt and explaining, had He given the better text right from the beginning. &lt;br /&gt;"There was a series of Hadiths designed expressly to give the impression that Muhammad had forgotten part of the revelations. The reports were specific and detailed enough to identify the actual wording of the verses in question. Anas is reported in the two Sahih's (i.e. al-Bukhari and Muslim) as declaring: There was revealed concerning those slain at Bi'r Ma'una a Quran verse which we recited until it was withdrawn: "Inform our tribe on our behalf that we have met our Lord. He has been well pleased with us and has satisfied our desires.' ("al-Itqan by Jalal al Din). &lt;br /&gt;'Abdullah b. al Zubair therefore asked 'Uthman what had possessed him to include Sura 2:240 in the 'mushaf' (document or canon), when he knew it to have been abrogated by Sura 2:234. 'Because', he replied 'Uthman, 'I know it to be part of the Quran text.' '(ibid.). ("The Collection of the Quran" by John Burton). &lt;br /&gt;A further problem arises from the fact that there is by no means any certainty which verses are mansukh and which nasikh, since the order in which the Quran was written down is not chronological, but according to the length of the Suras. However, even the Suras were not necessarily given in one piece. It happened that a certain portion of a Sura was given, and the next given text would be directed by Mohammed to be added to another Sura, and later again another addition was made to the first again, etc. The Hadis gives no conclusive information about the chronological order either, so that strictly speaking, there is no means of determining which of two disagreeing texts is mansukh, and which nasikh. &lt;br /&gt;In any case we Christians see in this whole subject just a theological gimmick to "explain" contradictions. The quotation: &lt;br /&gt;"No change can there be in the Words of Allah" and "There is none that can alter the Words of Allah. Already hast thou received some account of those Apostles." or "the other Apostles also said so." (Suras 10:64 and 6:34). &lt;br /&gt;is contradicted by all those Muslims who claim that the Bible which is admitted to be a revealed book, has been altered and corrupted. &lt;br /&gt;To underline our point let us just look at two passages of the Quran that have not been reconciled in terms of the law of abrogation. &lt;br /&gt;In Sura 41:9-12 we read that the world was created in eight days, in Sura 7:54 we are told it were six days. It is, we suppose, up to the believer to make up his mind which of the two he will accept. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Must we assume that God is inconsistent? Knowing all things, such contradiction surely does not originate from God? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Problems regarding the consistency of Revelation. &lt;br /&gt;The Quran is inconsistent regarding commitments on the part of Allah on which the believer can reckon or on which he can build his life. Commitments that are given are contradicted elsewhere: &lt;br /&gt;"Allah has inscribed for himself (the rule of) mercy" &lt;br /&gt;or &lt;br /&gt;"Allah has prescribed for himself as law to act merciful" (Sura 6:12). &lt;br /&gt;is contradicted in the same Sura: (verses 35-39): &lt;br /&gt;"If it were Allah's will, he would gather them into true guidance.... Whom Allah willeth he leaves to wander, whom he willeth, he placeth on the way that is straight". &lt;br /&gt;As we shall see (pp 21ff.), the Muslim's hope rests on that despairing word: &lt;br /&gt;"IF it pleases Allah." &lt;br /&gt;This is striking, for even in the Old Testament the believer was aware of the Law of cause and Effect. Once a believer broke any of God's Laws he was cut-off from God, and was lost and perishing. But if he atoned therefor in repentance according to God's prescribed ordinance (the sacrifice) his sin was forgiven. God had committed Himself to it. This is even further elaborated in the New Testament: &lt;br /&gt;"If we confess our sins (while we have fellowship with God: vs. 6), He is faithful and just, and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (I John 1:9). &lt;br /&gt;We see a definite regression from this standard in the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;We also find it strange to read: &lt;br /&gt;"Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans; and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, 'we are Christians'." (Sura 5:85) &lt;br /&gt;This is supported to some extent by an explanatory note in the "Mishkat" (IV page 103, note 2380) where we are told that "nearly two-thirds of paradise" will be filled with "the followers of the Holy Prophet and the followers of other prophets will form one-third." In strange contrast to this are the words of Sura 5:51 &lt;br /&gt;"Take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends." &lt;br /&gt;What about being together in Paradise? The reason is just as strange: &lt;br /&gt;"They (Jews and Christians) are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust. &lt;br /&gt;It can hardly be said that Jews and Christians have ever protected each other, except that they agree on the authenticity of the Old Testament. &lt;br /&gt;It is said of Mohammed that he was the first to bow down to Allah (in Islam) (Sura 6:14, 163, 39:12). But it is also said of Abraham, his sons and Jacob that they were Muslims (Sura 2:132), and of all earlier prophets who brought 'books' (i.e. Moses, David and Jesus) (Sura 28:52-53). Again it is reported of the disciples of Jesus that they were Muslims (Sura 3:52). &lt;br /&gt;All these we view as contradictions. Some would not be of a serious nature, were it not for the claim that the Quran is "nazil" or "brought down" from heaven to Mohammed without the touch of human hand - except for the act of writing itself. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Is there any uncontradicted statement in the Quran on which a Mulsim can rely to have eternal life in heaven? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE HOLY WAR &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The romantic ideal &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muslims emphatically insist that the Jihad, or Holy War, was only a means of defence and was never used as an offensive act. This is underlined in the explanatory notes of the Sahih Muslim: &lt;br /&gt;"Jihad in Islam is not an act of violence directed indiscriminately against the non-Muslims; it is the name given to an all-round struggle which a Muslim should launch against evil in whatever form or shape it appears. Fighting in the way of Allah is only one aspect of Jihad. Even this in Islam is not an act of mad brutality....It has MATERIAL and MORAL functions, i.e. self-preservation and the preservation of the moral order in the world." ("Sahih Muslim, III, page 938 - explanatory note). &lt;br /&gt;"The sword has not been used recklessly by the Muslims; it has been wielded purely with humane feelings in the wider interest of humanity" (ibid. page 941 - also explanatory note). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The materialistic purpose. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us investigate how this claim is supported by the actual facts of history. &lt;br /&gt;"Jihad is one of the chief meritorious acts in the eye of Islam -- and it is the best source of earnings, but it shall be undertaken with the intention of self-defence." "Mishkat" II, page 340 - explanatory note). &lt;br /&gt;One could also call it robbery in self-defence, if there is such a thing. &lt;br /&gt;"The Holy Quran strictly prohibited conversion by force, saying:&lt;br /&gt;'There is no compulsion in religion' (Sura 2:256)" (ibid). &lt;br /&gt;This is reasonable - though one would, perhaps, object to war as a means of income. This income, no doubt, is at the expense of someone's livelihood. But let us look at&lt;br /&gt; Muslim warfare in practice: &lt;br /&gt;"When an infidel's country is conquered (in self-defence?) by a Muslim ruler, its inhabitants are offered three alternatives: &lt;br /&gt;1. The reception of Islam, in which case the conquered became enfranchised citizens of the Muslim state; &lt;br /&gt;2. The payment of a poll-tax (Jazyah) by which unbelievers in Islam obtained "protection" and become Zimmis, provided they were not idolaters (of Arabia); &lt;br /&gt;3. Death by the sword to those who would not pay the poll-tax. ("Dictionary of Islam", page 243).&lt;br /&gt;"....Kill those who join other gods with Allah wherever you find them; besiege them, seize them, lay in wait for them with every kind of ambush...."(Sura 9:5). &lt;br /&gt;"When you encounter the unbelievers, strike off their heads, until ye have made a great slaughter among them...."(Sura 47:4). &lt;br /&gt;"....Make war upon such of those to whom the Scriptures have been given as believe not in Allah, or in the Last Day, and who forbid not what Allah and His Apostle have forbidden....until they pay tribute..." (Sura 9:29). &lt;br /&gt;"Say to the infidels: If they desist, what is now past shall be forgiven them; but if they return, they have already before them the doom of the ancients! Fight then against them till strife be at an end, and the religion be all of it Allah's." (Sura 8:39). &lt;br /&gt;"Proclaim a grievious penalty to those who reject faith." (Sura 9:3). &lt;br /&gt;All of the above texts are contradicted by: &lt;br /&gt;"There is no compulsion in religion". &lt;br /&gt;From the Hadayah (II, page 140) we learn with regard to the Jihad, that: &lt;br /&gt;"To whichever village you go and settle therein, there is your share therein, and whichever village disobeys Allah and His Messenger, its one-fifth is for Allah and His Messenger and the remainder is for you." ("Mishkat" II, page 412). &lt;br /&gt;"In the actual war-field in the midst of hostilities, some concessions were sometimes given to soldiers for recreation. Captive virgin girls in war were once made lawful for the soldiers for copulation. "(ibid. page 440 and "Sahih Muslim" II, pages 705-707). &lt;br /&gt;What is right today cannot be wrong tomorrow, otherwise we have an example of situational ethics. &lt;br /&gt;To an objective observer the following picture emerges: interest in material gain was as important as the making of converts One cannot help feeling that the Holy War was a pretence to make booty and receive continuing taxes. This must have persuaded many a man to join the Holy War and thus to become a mercenary. This interest no doubt gave enormous political and military momentum to the cause of Mohammed. Each warrior had a right to the belongings of the man he had slain, and could sell for ransom any prisoner he had made. Women and children were also reckoned as booty and a Muslim saw no moral irregularity in taking married woman prisoners as concubines as long as they were not pregnant. He would also have his share of the combined booty, of which; however, one-fifth belonged to Mohammed (and in the case of no fight taking place, it belonged to him totally). We are aware, however, that Mohammed never lived an extravagant life or hoarded goods. On the contrary, he was most generous in every aspect, particularly to the poor, to orphans and to widows. &lt;br /&gt;Taxes could be very harsh indeed as in the case of the defeated Jews who lived in Khaiber. They &lt;br /&gt;"were allowed to stay in Khaiber on condition that they would pay half the produce of their lands to the Holy Prophet and in addition Jazyah tax". ("Mishkat" II, page 455, footnote). &lt;br /&gt;"After the Battle of Badr, the verse dealing with the booties was first revealed. The verse introduced the rule for the first time that the spoils of war would be the property of the soldiers who actually take part in the battle...THAT IS ONE OF THE REASONS why the soldiers of Islam fought tooth and nail. They would get Paradise in case of death in a Holy War, and booties in the case of CONQUEST. Jihad is therefore the best source of all acquisitions." ("Mishkat" II, page 406, explanatory note). &lt;br /&gt;Jihad "is the best method of earning both spiritual and temporal. If victory is won, there is enormous booty and (sic) CONQUEST of a country, which cannot be equal to any other source of earnings." (ibid. page 253, explanatory note). &lt;br /&gt;"In the battle of Muraisi with Banu Mustalig, the booties gained were nearly 200 camels and 5 000 goats. In the campaign of Hunain, the booties that fell to the hands of the Muslims were 24 000 sheep, 4 000 silver coins and innumerable camels. In the Battle of Badr and Uhud, the booties were also great." (ibid. page 406). &lt;br /&gt;There is little wonder that a poem ascribed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, reads thus: &lt;br /&gt;"Our flowers are the sword and the dagger:&lt;br /&gt;Narcissus and myrtle are nought.&lt;br /&gt;Our drink is the blood of our foeman;&lt;br /&gt;Our goblet his skull, when we've fought."&lt;br /&gt;The opposing concept of Jesus. &lt;br /&gt;Earlier we accepted the concept of progressive revelation. Progress is seen, for instance, in Moses being told by God that the then prevailing revenge custom (you knock out my tooth and I will cut off your neck) had to be changed to: "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" - no more! This was progress. &lt;br /&gt;Then in a developing process of revelation, God revealed through Christ in the Sermon on the Mount, His concept for the Christian believer: &lt;br /&gt;"Blessed are the peace makers for they shall be called the sons of God....You have heard that it was said: 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth,' but I say to you, do not resist one who is evil, but if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also....You have heard that it was said (in the Old Covenant)&lt;br /&gt;'You shall love your neighbour and hate your enemy.' But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you...." (Matthew 5:9, 38-44). &lt;br /&gt;Again this is progress. This may not appear very practical--if one excludes God's doings in this world - but it is His way. It is sad to say that few, if any, nominal Christians give heed to this teaching of Christ's. &lt;br /&gt;We find that Mohammed's ethical standards constitute a return or regression to the time before Christ &lt;br /&gt;The question we should like to put is: How does the statement "There is no compulsion in religion" agree with: "Kill those who join other gods with Allah", "strike off their heads" and "fight then against them till strife be at an end, and the religion be all of it Allah's."? &lt;br /&gt;Christians wonder why they are not allowed to build churches and freely propagate their faith in Islamic countries, whereas Muslims enjoy religious freedom in most non-Muslim lands, except behind the Iron Curtain. Recently the only church in Afghanistan was bulldozed down. &lt;br /&gt;The claim that Muslims acted only in defence is patently untrue. What were the Muslims defending in Spain, France, India, Persia or at the very gates of Vienna? The fact that people were not prepared to become Muslims by choice ("there is no compulsion in religion") does not constitute aggression toward the Muslims. The repeated claim that booty could not have been a motive - because the Holy War must have pure religious motives - is insincere, for if it were so, booty would surely not have been made an incentive. &lt;br /&gt;We believe that the promise of booty served to attain political aims. From a purely military point of view we can see no fault in Mohammed's actions, if we consider that most other military leaders acted similarly. No doubt he was a superior general. administrator, leader, social reformer and politician; but his actions and what he commissioned, do not in the view of Christians, qualify him to be the ultimate Prophet of God. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;QUESTION:&lt;/strong&gt; If God wants to extend His rule by the use of force of His followers, which we see possible, would it be a spiritual inscentive to offer booty? Why are Muslims always stressing the defensive character of Mohammed's warfare, knowing it was mostly offensive? Why were most of the conquests orientated on political and material gains, rather than on the propagation of the Almighty God? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TOTAL PREDESTINATION - OR THE&lt;br /&gt;FREE WILL OF MAN? &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Risaleh-i-Barkhavi says:&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"Not only can He do anything, He actually is the only One Who does anything. When a man writes, it is Allah who has created in his mind the will to write. Allah at the same time gives the power to write, then brings about the motion of the hand and the pen and the appearance upon paper. All other things are passive, Allah alone is active." &lt;br /&gt;Is this true? In Arabic the word "qadar" (or "taqdir" in theological language, meaning "pre-ordering"; compare also "Qismet") is expressed in Sura 9:51: &lt;br /&gt;"Nothing shall ever befall upon us except what Allah has ordained for us." &lt;br /&gt;How Muslim theologians have tried to accommodate this concept alongside responsibility for actions has been outlined by Alfred Guillaume: &lt;br /&gt;"There are texts which clearly assert that man is responsible for his own actions, though the majority of texts seem to assert that they are definitely decreed. The Mutazila dealt with these passages as best as they could by softening the language of predestination, but still it could not be denied that the orthodox party had the Quran on their side when they asserted that God's predestination was absolute. This view is borne out by the chapter on predestination in the books of canonical tradition which do not contain a single saying of Muhammad's which leaves freedom of action to man. Everything is predestined from the first and a man's fate is fixed before he is born....Orthodox reaction to the doctrine of free will took rather a strange form. The Mutazilites were dubbed dualists because it was said that by their assertion that man has 'power' over his actions they made him the 'creator' of his works and thus encroached on the almighty power of God, for there would be two creators of actions." ("Islam" by A. Guillaume p.131). &lt;br /&gt;Pre-ordained sin - but man's responsibility? &lt;br /&gt;In a dispute between Adam and Moses (!), which is reported in the Hadis ("Sahih Muslim", pages 1396 - 1398), Moses argues with Adam, &lt;br /&gt;"'You are our father, you did us harm and caused us to get out of Paradise. Adam said to him ... 'You blame me for an act which Allah had ordained for me 40 years before he created me.' Allah's Apostle then said (or added): 'This is how Adam came the better of Moses."' &lt;br /&gt;Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle as saying: &lt;br /&gt;"Verily Allah has fixed the very portion of adultery which a man will indulge in, and which he of necessity must commit (or "there would be no escape from it)." &lt;br /&gt;We find the "interpretation" in a footnote (2900 of Sahih Muslim): &lt;br /&gt;"... the simple and straight meaning of this Hadis is ..." that "each person is endowed with a sexual lust of a certain measure, according to which he has his sexual yearnings from which he cannot escape." &lt;br /&gt;We hold that, if words mean anything at all, the commentator in this footnote deliberately twisted the meaning of the original Hadis. The orthodox Sunni view (Asharian) states the Allah has written preserved tablets. He wills good and evil. Man is under compulsion to do what Allah decrees. Allah may - or may not - admit to Paradise, or cast into hell. ("Dictionary of Islam" pages 472 ff.). &lt;br /&gt;This is in keeping with the Quran (Sura 76:29-31): &lt;br /&gt;"This is an admonition: whosoever will, let him take a path to his Lord. But ye will not, except as Allah wills ... He will admit to his mercy whom He wills. But the wrongdoers - for them has he prepared a grievous penalty." &lt;br /&gt;Christians view mercy as grace or an undeserved favour. It cannot be earned, for then mercy would not be needed. Since all mankind is in need of mercy from God, all mankind is dependent on His action. &lt;br /&gt;The above-mentioned text from Sura 76 was used as an argument by the Asharians against the Mutazilites (rejected as heretics, because they advocated the free will of man). In contrast, the Jabrians (from jabr = complusion) deny all free agency in man and say that man is necessarily constrained by the force of Allah's eternal and immutable decree to act as he does. Allah can, if he so wills, admit all men to Paradise, or cast all into hell. Elsewhere it says that: &lt;br /&gt;"nothing can happen in the world, whether it respects the conditions and operation of things, or good or evil, or obedience and disobedience, or faith and infidelity ... that is not contained in the written tablet of the decree of Allah." ("Dictionary of Islam" by T.P. Hughes, pages 472-473). &lt;br /&gt;The witness of the Hadis. &lt;br /&gt;To be able to judge the complexity of the problem we turn to the Mishkat (vol. III, pp. 93-121). &lt;br /&gt;"The strong Muslim solidarity which the Prophet had once so laboriously cemented has been greatly weakened on account of bitter controversies over this question. This is because there are apparent conflicting views on the subject in the Quran and Hadis. On the one hand, the scriptures uphold the doctrine of freedom of will and the consequent responsibility for actions, and on the other they emphasize that it is only God who guides and misguides as He pleases and that the fate of man and everything was pre-determined before their creation. Among the former Muslims (and we think we ought to consult them for their view, as they were much more concerned with the original form of Islam: G.N.), there were two extreme schools of thought - the Zabariyas and the Qadriyas. The former school holds that God is the creator of Man's deeds without responsibility in the matter. They contend that man has got no power to go beyond his destiny or decree of God before his creation: 'No evil befalls on the earth, nor on your own souls but it is in a book before We bring into existence' (Sura 57:22). The Holy Prophet said: 'Nothing repels a pre-decree except supplication' (Mishkat 38:11) (here we would question the logic of this statement: G.N.). &lt;br /&gt;"The Qadriyas and later on the Mutazilas hold that man has got absolute freedom of will and the consequence (sic) responsibility of actions, and that if the former view is accepted, the rewards for virtuous acts and punishments for sins cannot at all be explained: 'And whatever affliction befalls on you, it is on account of what your hands have wrought.' (Sura 42:30). (We note that this is flatly contradicted by Sura 76:29-31, see p. 22). &lt;br /&gt;"The two views as above noted are diametrically opposite to each other, and none could find out a satisfactory solution of the problem....Let us, however, try to harmonize the apparent conflict to some extent leaving the rest to God." &lt;br /&gt;The 'solution' of the problem is, however in no way acceptable, if justice is to be done to the Quran or Hadis. It is just a simple fact that contraditions cannot be reconciled or explained. &lt;br /&gt;"There shall come to pass sinking down of earth and metamorphosition among my followers, and that will be among those who will disbelieve in pre-decree". This is reported by Ibn Omar about what Mohammed has said. Another Hadis reports: &lt;br /&gt;"If you spend gold like Uhud mountain in the way of Allah, Allah will not accept it from you till you believe in pre-decree and know that whatever afflicts you is not due to your fault, and whatever fault you commit does not go to afflict you. If you had died upon (a condition) other than this, you would have entered Hell..." (Mishkat vol. III, pp. 112-113). "The Messenger of Allah said Verily the Almighty and Glorious Allah finished five things for every man of His creation: his fixed term (time), his ACTION, his resting place, his movements and his provision." "The Holy Prophet said: 'Allah created Adam....Then He stroked (sic) his right shoulder and took out a white race as if they were seeds, and He stroked his left shoulder and took out a black race as if they were coals. Then He said to those who were in his right side: Towards Paradise and I don't care. He said to those who were on his left shoulder. Towards Hell and I don't care." "I heard the Messenger of Allah say - Verily the Almighty and Glorious Allah caught one hold (or party) with His right hand and another with another hand, and said: This is for this, and this is for this, and I don't care. AND I DON'T KNOW IN WHICH OF THE TWO PARTIES I AM." (My emphasis) &lt;br /&gt;It is hardly possible in the framework of this little study to consider more quotations, but we can see without difficulty what "pre-decree" is all about. We also see the immense problem facing theologians that have to piece all this together. We fear that an honestly God-fearing man will see his limits here! &lt;br /&gt;Just as in the case of the God of the Bible, Allah is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent. We are alarmed, however, to realize that his omnipotence is decidedly arbitrary in nature: &lt;br /&gt;"Allah blots out and establishes what He pleases." (Sura 13:39).&lt;br /&gt;"Allah has power over all things." (Sura 3:159). &lt;br /&gt;This teaching resulted in the rejection of the Law of Cause and Effect. Only Allah causes things to be or be done. Logically then, a man can do neither a good deed, nor a bad deed on his own. Consequently, man cannot be held responsible for his actions and a righteous God cannot condemn him. &lt;br /&gt;A certain Hadis says: &lt;br /&gt;"At creation Allah took a lump of mud, divided it into two, threw one into hell saying, 'I do not care'. Likewise he threw the other into heaven, saying, 'I do not care.'" ("Der Islam", by Kellerhals, page 74 and "Handwörterbuch des Islam", page 247). &lt;br /&gt;How did this concept arise? A Hadis by Al-Bukhari and Muslim enlightens us: &lt;br /&gt;"Allah created Adam ... brought forth from him a family and said, 'I have created this family ... for hell, and their actions will be like those of the people of hell!" Then a man said to the Prophet, 'Of what use will deeds of any kind be?' He said, 'When Allah creates his servant for Paradise, his actions will be deserving for it until he dies - and when Allah creates one for the fire, his actions will be like those of the people of hell till he dies, when he will enter therein." (AI-Bukhari LXXVII:611, Mishkat, vol.3 chapter XXXII:4 and 14). &lt;br /&gt;"The Holy Prophet said: 'When you hear about a mountain that it has shifted itself from its place, believe it, but when you hear about a man that he had changed his nature, don't believe it as it will return to what it was created upon.'" (Mishkat, vol. 3 chapter XXXII:32 (458w). &lt;br /&gt;"'0 Prophet of Allah! I believe in you and in what you have come with. Do you still fear for us?' 'Yes', said he, 'the hearts are between the two fingers of Allah. He changes them as He likes.'" (Mishkat, vol. 3 chapter XXXII:20). &lt;br /&gt;"Allah created His creations in darkness, and then cast His light upon them, so whoever got anything from that light found guidance, and who so missed it became misguided." (Mishkat, vol. 3 chapter XXXII:19). &lt;br /&gt;In the light of the above it seems strange that Muslims, who accept this concept, find it puzzling that a sinner is acceptable to God when the atoning sacrifice of Jesus has provided a covering for his sin. The suffering of the just for the unjust, is to the Muslim blatant injustice! We can learn from this just how much our morality can be influenced by our upbringing and environment. &lt;br /&gt;The witness of the Quran &lt;br /&gt;When Mohammed saw the stubborness of the people of Mecca, which according to him was against all reason, he must have concluded that it could have been caused only by Allah. It is not surprising, then, that many of his inspirations had this message: &lt;br /&gt;"If we had so willed, we could have given every soul this guidance, but now my word is realized: 'Assuredly I shall fill Gehenna (hell) with jinns (spirits) and men altogether.'" (Sura 32:13). &lt;br /&gt;The omnipotent Allah determines, who of his creatures go to bliss and who to damnation. He is Lord. &lt;br /&gt;"If Allah had willed he would have made you one nation. But he leads astray whom he will and guides whom he will. But you shall certainly be called to account for all your actions." (Sura 16:93). &lt;br /&gt;Regarding unbelievers, we read in Sura 2:6-7: &lt;br /&gt;"It is equal to them, whether you warn them or not, they will not believe. Allah has put the seal upon their hearts." &lt;br /&gt;Speaking of all mankind, it says in Sura 7:178-179 : &lt;br /&gt;"Whomsoever Allah guides, he is rightly guided, and whom he leads astray, they are the losers! We have created for Gehenna many jinns and men ..." &lt;br /&gt;"Do ye desire to guide him whom Allah led astray? Whom Allah leads away, you will find no way for him." (Sura 4:88). &lt;br /&gt;"If Allah willed he would have made mankind one nation, but they continue in their differences, excepting those on whom your Lord has mercy. To that end, he created them and perfectly is fulfilled the word of your Lord: 'I shall assuredly fill Gehenna with jinns and men altogether.'" (Sura 11:118-119). &lt;br /&gt;"Allah leads astray whomsoever he will and guides whomsoever he will." (Sura 14:4). &lt;br /&gt;This is repeated also in Suras 35:8 and 74:31. According to Sura 91:8, Allah "breathed into it (the soul) wickedness and piety" (other translation - "lewdness and godfearing"). &lt;br /&gt;"With Allah is the argument that reaches home: if it had been His will, He could indeed have guided you all." (Sura 6:149). &lt;br /&gt;The Hadis (Sahih Muslim, page 1395) confirms the meaning of this verse: &lt;br /&gt;"Allah's Messenger, what is your opinion that the people do in the world, and strive for, is something decreed for them, something preordained for them, and (sic) will their fate in the Hereafter be determined by the fact that their prophets brought them teachings which they did not act upon, and thus they became DESERVING of punishment? Thereupon he said: &lt;br /&gt;"'Of course, it happens as it is decreed by Destiny and preordained for them, and this view is confirmed by this verse of the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious: 'Consider the soul and Him who made it perfect, then breathed into it its sin and its piety.'" (My emphasis). &lt;br /&gt;Also in Sura 5:18 we read: &lt;br /&gt;"He forgives whom he pleases and punishes whom he pleases." &lt;br /&gt;A Hadis reports: &lt;br /&gt;"Two men in a village died, one had concern for Allah, not the other. The village Imam saw the pious in hell and the unrighteous with wine houris in Paradise. When the pious complained about this obvious injustice, Allah replied: 'Be silent! Have I not the right to do as I please with what is my own?'" &lt;br /&gt;All this is total determinism. Man is judged and condemned for what he cannot help doing. This is, in fact, also total injustice. Dare one overlook all these statements with a sentimental glance at the Islamic doctors of religion, expecting them not to mislead anyone for, no doubt, one takes it for granted that they must have the right answers? No, one cannot, for Islamic theologians have and had in fact no greater problem to deal with - and have discussed this issue for centuries. &lt;br /&gt;Modern writings within Islam strongly tend towards the view that man has a free will. This is in keeping with the Bible and, of course, modern philosophical understanding. But it is not in keeping with the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;The Mutazilite Theologians reasoned that if this is what predestination entails: "what is the use of commandments, and prohibitions, rewards and punishment, threats and promises, prophets or books?" They received no satisfactory answer. They were, in fact, silenced. &lt;br /&gt;Submission to Islam demands the acceptance of the tenet of predestination - or shall we say fatalism. Perhaps we ought to be reminded that the word used for predestination in Islam does not indicate pre-knowlege, but pre-ordering! &lt;br /&gt;There is an apparent ray of hope, however: &lt;br /&gt;In Sura 6:12 we are told that &lt;br /&gt;"Allah has inscribed (prescribed: G.N.) for himself (the rule of) mercy." &lt;br /&gt;Verse 35 of the same Sura, however, says, in flat contradiction thereto: &lt;br /&gt;"If it were Allah's will, he could gather them together unto true guidance." &lt;br /&gt;Consequently, the great Islamic theologian, al-Ghazali writes: &lt;br /&gt;"Allah's justice is not to be compared with the justice of man. A man may be supposed to act unjustly by invading the position of another, but no injustice can be conceived on the part of Allah. It is in his power to pour down torrents upon mankind and if he were to do it, his justice would not be arraigned. There is nothing he can be tied to, to perform, nor can any injustice be supposed of him, nor can he be under obligation to any person whatever." &lt;br /&gt;Thus Allah is exempted from all ethical norms - those of mankind and those of himself. He is not bound by any promise. He may also change the standard of his behaviour and this would be completely justified. &lt;br /&gt;"If We (i.e. Allah) willed, We could withdraw that which We have revealed unto thee, then thou wouldst find no guardian for thee ..." (Sura 17:86). &lt;br /&gt;We must assume then, that this is what happened when: Allah curses all liars - and yet permit Mohammed to break an oath (Sura 66:1-2); or: Allah alone is to be worshipped - yet Satan and the angels were ordered to worship Adam and Satan was eternally punished, because he refused to do so (Sura 2:34). &lt;br /&gt;Ibn-Hazm observes: &lt;br /&gt;"While the Quran uses the name of Allah, which means 'the most merciful of those who show mercy', this cannot mean that he is merciful in the way we understand the word, for Allah is evidently not merciful. He tortures his children with all manners of sickness, warfare and sorrow. What then does the Quran mean? Simply that "merciful" is one of Allah's names. A name that is not in any way descriptive of Allah or meant to throw light on his nature. We must use it because the Quran uses it, but not pretend to understand what is meant by it." &lt;br /&gt;A certain Islamic scholar put it in these words: &lt;br /&gt;"The word originally used in the Quran must have had a different meaning in that day, which we cannot really understand today. Nevertheless, we must continue to use the word, because we can not change the words of the Quran." &lt;br /&gt;The problem that arises is simple and clear: If Allah in the Quran manifests himself as the arbitrary God who acts as he pleases without any ties even to his own sayings, he adds a thought totally foreign to the former revelations, which Mohammed claimed to confirm, and in which we are encouraged to take God at His Word. &lt;br /&gt;We should like to suggest that God is consistent, righteous and holy. In the case of contradictions or any flaws of any kind in any record supposed to have come from Him, man must be blamed, and not God. It is intolerable to cover these up to protect the image of a book or prophet, or possibly a religion and its leaders. &lt;br /&gt;If what has been quoted in these pages is news to you, dear reader, then either you have no knowledge of the Quran whatever (and consequently entrust your eternal welfare to other ignorant men); or you are in the hands of men who are aware of this knowledge, but have kept it from you because it disagrees with the general concept of what you learned in the Madressa: namely, that keeping the five pillars of faith, doing good and leaving the rest to the mercy of Allah, will do. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: For what reason should a Christian give up his position as an accepted and forgiven person with the God-given assurance of eternal life in His presence - to swop it for total insecurity? &lt;br /&gt;Righteousness or mercy? &lt;br /&gt;Another problem is whether we see God as the merciful, forgiving One. OR instead as the God Who is just and righteous? As they stand these attributes cannot be reconciled, for they are a contradiction in terms. Apparently this thought has not been considered by most people. If a judge is righteous, he must punish sin. If he forgives (whom he pleases), he is neither righteous nor just. &lt;br /&gt;We must hasten to add, however, that the Bible presents a similar problem. On the one hand we have a loving and forgiving God. whom we accept as righteous. This is correct, but on the other hand we should not overlook the fact, that our Holy God has punished sin by executing judgement on the substitutional sacrifice, thereby meeting the required standard of justice. The sin IS punished, though not the offender - the punishment being borne by God Himself in Christ on the cross (Please write for our booklet "Comparing, Confusing, Considering, Concluding"). So forgiveness and mercy need not contradict His righteousness. God's solution for sin is "atonement" or reconciliation. &lt;br /&gt;Forgiveness does not work by a magic formula. It is not just that God forgets about it. No! A righteous God cannot tolerate unjust judgement. Sin is so abominable to God, that He has to deal with it - by righteous judgement! But how can the righteousness of God and the love of God toward us meet? An incident from history may illustrate this point: &lt;br /&gt;Shamuel was a Caucasian prince living a couple of hundred years ago. His people were at constant war with the Turks. Once he besieged a Turkish city with his army. As usual his mother was with him in his camp. One night he planned a surpirse assault, but the enemy was lying in wait. His secret plans had been betrayed. The battle was lost. In anger Shamuel announced that the traitor would be punished with 100 lashes of a whip, if found out. Again in great secrecy another surprise attack was planned. With the same result. But the traitor was discovered. It was Shamuel's mother. &lt;br /&gt;For three days and nights he withdrew to his tent. What should he do? If he were to spare his mother all would rightly say that he was unjust. Were he to punish her, however, all would say: 'Look at Shamuel! He does not even have pity for his own mother!' At long last he appeared. His army gathered expectantly. In a sinister tone he addressed his people: 'We have lost two battles because of treason. Our men have been killed. There is no excuse. The crime was committed, and so the culprit shall be punished according to my law: with 100 lashes! Righteousness and judgement must be maintained." &lt;br /&gt;His mother was led into the circle. She was pale and shivering with fear. The executioner lifted his whip - but before the first lash fell, Shamuel cried: "Wait! - This is my mother. I am of her flesh and blood. I will take the punishment for her!" He went into the circle, took off his garment and commanded "Executioner, dare not strike more lightly than with the last victim. Do your duty. Hit on!" Lash after lash found its mark, until he broke down unconscious. He did survive though, against all expectation. &lt;br /&gt;This event, perhaps more than any other in history, fits the picture of jesus. He was God in bodily form. He had and has to execute righteous judgement. But in His perfect love He took on Himself our - my own, your own - sin and suffered the cruel, but just consequences on the cross. We are aware though that it was not only the physical suffering, bad as it was, that was so cruel, but that the very pure and holy God took on Himself all the ugly filth of our sin. &lt;br /&gt;Righteousness and love met at the cross of Jesus. "God was in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself, not imputing their trespasses (of God's Law) unto them" (II Cor. 5:19).&lt;br /&gt;This happened once and for all. This sacrifice for sin is good enough for all men at all times. It is God's grace, God's gift to us, which we did not deserve. A gift is, however, only mine, when I accept it. And keep it. &lt;br /&gt;When in sincerity I bring all my sin to Him in a prayer of confession, I shall be cleaned: "I will forgive their iniquity and will remember their sin no more." (Jer. 31:34). "You will cast all our sins into the depth of the sea." (Micah 7:19). "As far as the East is from the West, so far does He remove our transgressions from us" (Ps. 103:12). "If we confess our sins. He is faithful and just and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (I John 1:9). &lt;br /&gt;I am quite convinced, that no man, after realizing who Jesus is and what He has done, and thus having some understanding of the Person Who is now without a physical body in eternal Glory, can ask the God of the Bible for forgiveness lightly. I mean: without real remorse over what was his part in nailing Christ to the cross. After all, how CAN a person after this realization consider more sin in his heart? Yes, we may be tripped. We may fall. But we will not contemplate and plan actions that will hurt God. &lt;br /&gt;This is the attitude on which we can base our prayer of forgiveness. In the parable of the 'Prodigal Son' (Luke 15:11 ff.), Jesus speaks of a man who has two sons. One went away with his heritage and wasted it in far places, until he had spent all. Working in a pigsty "he came to himself". He seriously and honestly assessed his situatron. He had an 'after thought'. The Bible has this word translated as 'repentance'. It went like this: The young man made a resolution. "I will (a) rise and (b) go to my Father and (c) say to Him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you, I am no more worthy to be called your son". All he wished was to be a servant to his Father instead of serving a stranger in a pigsty which had led to his near starvation. This resolution was very good indeed. Perhaps we have made such a resolution before. But it was not enough. The young man in our parable did not stop short of actually fulfilling his resolution: "He (d) arose and (e) came to his Father." Much to his surprise the Father was looking out for him. More surprising, he still recognized him Much earlier he had ridden away confidently, but his high expectation of a successful, truly happy and fulfilled life had not come true. He returned as a filthy, stinking, wretched hobo. But most surprisingly, his Father ran to meet him, embraced him and kissed him! The son could hardly stammer out his confession, before his Father (1) had clothed him (covered his dirt. In Hebrew the word is from the same root as 'atonement', i.e. to reconcile) with 'the best robe', (2) put a ring on his finger (i.e. signet ring to indicate his acceptance as son again), (3) and put shoes on his feet (only free men were allowed to wear them). Then (4) he ordered a feast to be prepared, for "this my son was dead, and he is alive again, he was lost and is found". &lt;br /&gt;No doubt the way home was a very hard one. Repentance, however, is most marvellous, when it is over and done with. Our Father will remember our sins no more! There will be no embarrassing questions on the Day of Judgement. Judgement has already been passed on Jesus. &lt;br /&gt;But the Father had two sons, remember. When the other one came home from the fields and heard the feasting and was told it was for his brother, he became angry. He could not be persuaded to join the feast for 'this your son'. He had always been at home, had always done his work. There was never any feast for him! He had never feasted, although he could have! His sonship was a burden. &lt;br /&gt;The Christian faith is not occupied with do's and don'ts. After the treasurer of Queen Candace (Acts 8:27 ff.) had seen the Light "he went his way rejoicing!" New things occupy the mind of a Christian. New understanding of the world around us leads to new conclusions, purposes and aims. Obviously the old aims and purposes are superseded, and become less important or obsolete. A tremendous new horizon and new meaning in life will emerge, while one is occupied with the things of God, and they will push out old aims and purposes. But this cannot be understood as a sad 'good-bye' to well-loved pleasures. It is rather a fading away of former values to give way to an abundant life. Anything less is legalistic, deadening, a yoke of bondage. It is, in fact, in opposition to a truly spiritual life and an insult to God, Who would then be a taskmaster instead of a Saviour. &lt;br /&gt;The real New Birth is an essential part ot salvation or conversion: "Except a man be born again, he cannot see the Kingdom of God. Except a man is born by water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the Kingdom of God" (John 3:3,5) The New Birth is the beginning of the New Life. This is a process of growth, however, Repentance, the New Birth and conversion may happen within one hour. The Christian's life should grow until he leaves this world. &lt;br /&gt;All this change in a person is actually the 'conversion' (conversion = change) of that person. It is brought about by the loving devotion of such a person who begins to see the folly of his former self-centred life and desires to live in a way pleasing to HIM, in an attitude of thankfulness. This loving devotion is the work of God in a person. When the wedge of sin is gones, God begins to communicate with man, "who was dead and is alive again". "And you He made alive, when you were dead in trespasses and sins" (Eph 2:1). The process of 'making alive again' is called the 'the New Birth' (John 3:3-5). This, of course cannot be effected by man. It is a divine interaction. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Why do Muslims want to "buy" by "good deeds" what cannot be bought? Why does he refuse the gift of God? Is it ignorance? Fear? Pride? &lt;br /&gt;Fear or love? &lt;br /&gt;Commitment is then followed by a life devoted to, and empowered by God. We desperately need this power to live godly lives, else we would be starting a life of frustration. This power is love. What no law in the world can achieve, is acchieved by love. And there can be no flaw in a love-relationship with God, for He is absolutely trustworthy and faithful. Being loved by Him brings about all the good in man. Love excludes demands, obligation or force, Love needs freedom of choice and action to unfold itself. Freedom of choice, however, may be exploited, and indeed is exploited by all those who use it for their own ends. Freedom is not only directed upwards, it is at the same time freedom to decline. This is the essential risk factor involved in loving. &lt;br /&gt;A religion may produce all kinds of moral and ritual forms which can be enforced by fear of punishment or social pressure. But abiding by these laws, good though they may be to suppress evil, brings bondage and frustrates love. Moral quality is not improved by suppression of the evil act as such. Moral quality is found in the resentment of evil for what it is. &lt;br /&gt;Outwardly a society under religious laws appears to be morally cleaner, but the nature of the heart of man remains unchanged, and it is the pure heart that God seeks. &lt;br /&gt;God wants to change the mind, intent and purpose (we may call this the 'heart') of man. Therefore Christians do not seek merely to patch up a broken society. The main concern and the social conscience of a Christian is directed at the renewal of society from within. Christians, like Christ, seek to heal the world by sharing the message of the Love of God with others. Love alone is able to renew the spirit and mind of each of the many individuals that care to respond, thereby up-rooting evil instead of trying to control its growth. &lt;br /&gt;In these differing principles the deep split between the Islamic and Christian message becomes apparent. We find that religious demands, fear and even force in Islam stands in contrast to the message of willingness in love in Christianity. &lt;br /&gt;We must be realistic enough to admit that the keeping of the Sunnah, the practice of the five pillars of faith and the tremendous social pressure on anyone turning from Islam represents demand, fear and pressure. &lt;br /&gt;The group of those individuals that respond to such love forms the Church. It is not organized on a grand scale, but is present, though often as a small minority, all over the world. In and from it we ought to find this principle of love directed on the horizontal level from person to person. The process will never be complete, for the self-willed, through fear of losing something they may get or enjoy, will always exclude themselves from the Kingdom of God. This is the sad side of man's God-given freedom. Without this freedom, however, man can be no more than an automat. &lt;br /&gt;Perhaps you would like to ask why there are so many drunkards among Christians, why there is such a lot of immodesty and immorality and exploitation. The answer is very obvious. "Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord' shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven." (Matthew 7:21). These are words of Jesus. Not every bottle which is labelled 'Coca Cola' is filled with it. There are empty bottles, and there are those that are alienated in use, may be filled with turpentine - or even brandy. A true Christian can only be a person who has received with a penitent and grateful heart the gift of forgiveness as described above, and who then lives in vital communion with his Lord in total surrender. &lt;br /&gt;All this is strange to and is rejected by lslam. However, there can then be no means of reconciling righteousness with mercy without atonement, and this is precisely what Islam contradicts. &lt;br /&gt;In contrast to the "former revealed Books" the 'heart' of Allah is not involved. In Islamic theology, Al-Barkhawi comments: &lt;br /&gt;If all infidels became believers, He (Allah) would gain no advantage. If all believers became infidels, He would suffer no loss. &lt;br /&gt;Al-Ghazali confirms this: &lt;br /&gt;"Love is to sense a need of the beloved and since Allah cannot be said to have a need or an experience of a need, it is therefore impossible that Allah should love." &lt;br /&gt;We compare this with what Jesus said, speaking of Himself: &lt;br /&gt;"I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd. Therefore doth my Fatner love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father." (John 10:14-18). &lt;br /&gt;Jahveh (God) in the Bible will judge man according to His fixed laws. But in Jesus, He provided the sacrifice that can take away the sins of all men, as long as man does not refuse God's pardon in Christ. Here is a clear relationship between cause and effect. The believer is told in no uncertain terms what the will and purpose of God is. "We know" is the ever repeated statement that we see throughout the New Testament. In reality no Muslim has any guarantee of, or basis for, an assurance of salvation. Allah directs all things, thereby determining all ends. Thus no man has any influence on his destiny, hard though he may try. Surely this cannot be true! &lt;br /&gt;the Muslim, on the other hand, may hope for the best, but his problem remains that however much he tries to be justified by doing good works or through reliance on the Quran, if Allah alone is active and if he leads astray, man no longer has a basis for knowing that his sin is forgiven and his peace with God has been effected. The Quran gives no answer to this dilemma. In one passage, however, the Quran does speak of cause and effect: &lt;br /&gt;"The unbelievers say, 'Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?' Say: 'Truly, Allah leads astray whom he will, but he guides to himself those who turn to him in penitence.' "(Sura 13:27). &lt;br /&gt;This verse is no explanation of previously quoted verses, but is a clear contradiction of them. &lt;br /&gt;Apart from Allah's arbitrary action, we also find a different concept altogether, namely that portrayed in Sura 3:29 (and many others). &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: How can any man prefer to live a life of uncertainty and fear to a life of peace with God in love? &lt;br /&gt;Allah directs believers. &lt;br /&gt;"If you love Allah, follow me, (i.e. Mohammed), Allah will love you and forgive your sins. Allah is forgiving, merciful..." (Sura 3:31) &lt;br /&gt;"Allah directs the hearts of those that believe him...". &lt;br /&gt;"....ask pardon for thy sin....". (Sura 47:19) &lt;br /&gt;"The balance will be true" (Sura 7:8-9). (i.e. The good or bad of one's life will determine one's destiny - but destiny is foreordained! G.N.). &lt;br /&gt;"Not a soul will be dealt with unjustly." (Sura 21:47). &lt;br /&gt;Again we cannot regard these statements as complementary to the earlier quotations, for they are in obvious contrast thereto rather than an explanation thereof. &lt;br /&gt;Looking at this evidence we can conclude only that Islam must mean submission to the inevitable. &lt;br /&gt;We must mention here, that the concept of 'predestination' is not foreign to the Bible either. There, however, we see predestination not as something arbitrarily decreed or pre-ordered, but rather as something resulting from God's foreknowledge: &lt;br /&gt;"For those whom He foreknew He also predestined..." (Romans 8:29). &lt;br /&gt;In the Bible we are commanded to choose whom we will serve (Joshua 24:15 etc.). This demands a decision after intelligent and comprehensive consideration. To choose God means also to choose His Way and His Word as a basis for information and trust. Taking God at His Word means trusting His promises and executing His Will. This trust with its resultant action is called faith. &lt;br /&gt;The Bible clearly teaches that it was the faith of Abraham, Moses and all the other men of renown that made them acceptable to God. And it was and it is this faith alone that was and is reckoned to them and us as righteousness (Hebrews 11, Romans 4:18-25, Genesis 15:6). &lt;br /&gt;So the righteousness needed to enter the presence of God is not the result of an effort by man to repair somehow the damage done, by offering to God good works as payment. There is no merit in doing what is our duty! &lt;br /&gt;Nobody is a Christian because he does good works, but a Christian does good works because he is a Christian. Gratitude and love are the motivating power. &lt;br /&gt;Christian faith accepts God's way of reconciliation alone. He has decreed that no person can be saved from the judgement to come except by accepting His offer: Pardon through Jesus, Who offered Himself in our stead to suffer the just punishment for the sins that you and I have committed: &lt;br /&gt;Jesus said of Himself: &lt;br /&gt;"The Son of Man (for meaning see Daniel 7:13) came ... to give his life as a ransom (price to buy free a slave) for many". (Matth. 20:28). &lt;br /&gt;He also said: &lt;br /&gt;"...this is my blood of the (new) covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins." (Luke 22:20). &lt;br /&gt;Speaking of Jesus the Apostle Peter said: &lt;br /&gt;"There is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved." This explains the name Jesus (Hebrew - Yeshuah=Salvation). (Acts 4:12). &lt;br /&gt;Jesus made this very same claim: &lt;br /&gt;"I am the way, the truth and the life, no one comes to the Father except by me!" (John 14:6). &lt;br /&gt;That these statements were not vain talk is clear, for the very life of Jesus was foretold in every detail in the Old Testament by the prophets hundreds of years before (see "Christians answer Muslims") and thousands of eyewitnesses would have protested against the writings in the New Testament, had these been false. &lt;br /&gt;We deem it unacceptable to reason: "Why did God do it this way and not that?" or. "How can God die for unworthy sinners?", etc. God has spoken! And so it stands. And His Word is supported with enough evidence to be proved divine. &lt;br /&gt;That leaves you, dear reader, with a decision that no-one can make for you and which you cannot escape: Whether or not you will investigate in an honest and reasonably unbiased way the statements made in this book. &lt;br /&gt;You should consider both points of view, of course. Consider all the facts and supporting evidence, and read the New Testament alongside the Quran, earnestly praying for clarity on the Truth of God. &lt;br /&gt;This is your holy responsibility before God, Whose will it is that all men should come to a knowledge of the truth and true repentance. (I Timothy 2:4, II Peter 3:9). &lt;br /&gt;It is primitive and foolish to reason that one's way of thinking and believing is correct, without having tested it in a valid way. It is bordering on insanity to depend on hear-say when it comes to whether or not eternity will be spent in the presence of Almighty God or in hell. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Are you prepared to risk such research and will you dare to act according to the outcome, however the consequences? &lt;br /&gt;FIVE REASONS WHY THE QURAN &lt;br /&gt;CLAIMS TO BE OF DIVINE ORIGIN &lt;br /&gt;There are no contradictions in the Quran &lt;br /&gt;1. &lt;br /&gt;"Do they not attentively consider the Quran? If it had been from any besides Allah, they would certainly have found therein many contradictions." (Sura 4:82, translation by George Sale). &lt;br /&gt;The Quran confirms and explains the Bible &lt;br /&gt;2. &lt;br /&gt;"This Quran could not have been composed by any except Allah; but it is a confirmation of that which was revealed before it, and an explanation of the scripture; there is no doubt thereof; sent down from the Lord of all creatures." (Sura 10:37). &lt;br /&gt;The unsurpassed literary quality &lt;br /&gt;3. &lt;br /&gt;"Will they say, 'Muhammed hath forged it'? Answer: 'Bring therefore a chapter like unto it, and call whom ye may to your assistance, besides Allah, if ye speak truth.'" (Sura 10:38). &lt;br /&gt;This is amplified and underlined by the commentator of the Mishkat: &lt;br /&gt;"The Quran is the greatest wonder among the wonders of the world. It repeatedly challenged the people of the world to bring a chapter like it, but they failed and the challenge remains unanswered up to this day. ... This book is second to none in the world according to the unanimous decision of the learned men in points of diction, style, rhetoric, thoughts and soundness of laws and regulations to shape the destinies of mankind." (Mishkat III, page 664). (An answer to this challenge is given on pp. 72 ff.). &lt;br /&gt;The Quran says: "If men and jinn (spirit) should combine together to bring the like of this Quran, they cannot bring the like of this Quran, they cannot bring the like of it, though some of them help others. ... (Sura 17:88), (see also Sura 2:23). &lt;br /&gt;Literary quality was one of the earliest arguments for the divine character of the Quran, and that is why Mohammed repeatedly challenged his contemporaries "This Qur'an is not such as can be produced by other than Allah; on the contrary it is a confirmation of (revelations) that went before it and a fuller explanation of the Book wherein there is no doubt from the Lord of the Worlds. Or do they say "He forged it"? Say: "Bring then a Surah like unto it and call (to your aid) anyone you can besides Allah if it be ye speak the truth!" (Sura 10:37-38) (see also Suras 11:13 and 52:33-34). &lt;br /&gt;In Sura 43:3 it is said that the Quran is in the "Mother of Books", referring to the eternal heavenly tablets on which it is preserved. Because of this it is also called glorious. (Sura 85:22). &lt;br /&gt;In many Islamic writings, we are told that Islam and the Quran are superior to the Bible and Christianity. This argument is substantiated by pointing to "Christian society" or the "Christian world" of today, where materialism, immorality and faithlessness are rampent. We disregard this, because there is in reality no "Christian society", or a "Christian world" to which one can point. In reply, we would ask Muslims some questions: WHAT EXACTLY AND PRECISELY IN THE QURAN IS SUPERIOR TO THE BIBLE? IS THERE ANYTHING IN THE QURAN THAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE BIBLE? IN WHICH RESPECTS IS ISLAMIC MORALITY OR ITS ETHICS SUPERIOR TO THE BIBLE'S?&lt;br /&gt;4. &lt;br /&gt;There are people alive who are able to quote the Quran from memory. (Hafiz). &lt;br /&gt;5. &lt;br /&gt;Unlike the Bible the Quran has never been changed since it was given to Mohammed. &lt;br /&gt;The Christian answer to the above:&lt;br /&gt;A. The attestation by one witness of a revelation without objective divine proof such as prophecy of divine signs, is unacceptable. (Isaiah 41:21-23, Deuteronomy 18:21-22, Exodus 10:1-2, etc.). &lt;br /&gt;Mohammed's coming was not accompanied by these (Suras 17:59, 88:93; 13:7,30; 6:37,109,124; 7:203; 2:87,99,118-119,151, 252; 3:183). &lt;br /&gt;The Bible demands them as signs (Deuteronomy 18:22; Isaiah 41:21-24). &lt;br /&gt;The contemporary Jews demanded such credentials for Mohammed's prophethood - but he was unable to comply, as his reply to them shows: &lt;br /&gt;Sura 3:183: &lt;br /&gt;"They said: 'Allah took our promise not to believe in an Apostle, unless he showed us a sacrifice consumed by fire (from heaven)'. Say: 'There came to you Apostle before me with clear signs and even with what you asked for. Why then, did you slay them if they speak the truth? Then if they reject thee, so were rejected Apostles before thee, who came with clear signs, books of dark prophecies, and the Book of Enlightenment." &lt;br /&gt;B. If the message is the revelation from God (=nazil), it must contain neither error, nor contradiction in the original text. Muslims claim that the Quran has remained unchanged from its inception but it does in fact contain both error and contradiction as we have seen. &lt;br /&gt;It contains contradictions between it and the Bible, which in many of the cases mentioned earlier are from Genesis and Exodus - books that were written 2 000 years earlier than the Quran. This means that the Biblical source is contemporary to the events or at least very considerably closer to them, and consequently more trustworthy than the Quran. In addition, the Quran contradicts itself as we have observed. &lt;br /&gt;One would, for example, turn to Caesar's "Gallic War" to discover the history of that era rather than to a much later writer whose account did not quote other sources and that differed widely from the "Gallic War". &lt;br /&gt;C. Where two "Books" i.e. the Bible and the Quran, both claim to be final, sole, full and universal in their message, yet display strongly contrasting standpoints, only internal and external evidence will reveal which of the two is divine. &lt;br /&gt;D. The diacritical marks and vowel signs of the Arabic language were introduced only after the Quran became widely known. Those marks can change the meaning of words, and indeed, when introduced, there were arguments about many a word. (See chapter "Collection of the Quran", pp. 44, 47-48, 57). &lt;br /&gt;E. The claim that the Quran is entire and complete is not acceptable. (See chapter "Collection of the Quran"). &lt;br /&gt;F. The Quran, according to most scholars, cannot be interpreted (Tafsir) without consulting the tradition (Hadis) of the Prophet Mohammed. Muslims consider the life of Mohammed to have been an explanation and an interpretation of the Quran. The Hadis, as we shall later see, by no means provides an accurate or conclusive picture of Mohammed, since these traditions were collected and recorded about two and a half centuries later, and the selection thereof (only 1 % of all the collected traditions were selected by al-Bukhari) was again entirely dependent on the judgement of one person. &lt;br /&gt;G. The emphasis on the total absence of variation in manuscripts (in contrast with the Biblical manuscripts, which do vary, not in message, but in some detail) can be adequately understood only if one remembers that the third Khalif, Uthman, ordered the destruction of all manuscripts after having compiled one version. (See chapter "Collection of the Quran"). &lt;br /&gt;H. Concerning the fine literary quality of the Quran (measured obviously against other human pieces of literature): it is as irrelevant as the statement that a Rolls Royce, being the best motor car ever produced, is for that reason divine. In every written language there must be a "best piece" of literature. &lt;br /&gt;Regarding the content of the message we should like to ask whether the Quran contains any information or has any qualities that were not accessible or available in some form during the life of Mohammed. &lt;br /&gt;I. If the Quran is an eternally preexisting, divine revelation, Muslims will have to explain the very apparent marks of man in it. Large portions of the Quran are preoccupied with the personal and political affairs of one man and his companions at one particular stage in history. Most of these statements have no value to any other generation in history. (See chapter "Sources of Islam"). &lt;br /&gt;J. There is what is called a photographic memory. This can easily account for the memorization of the Quran. We are, however, also aware of such faculty originating from spiritist sources. &lt;br /&gt;K. The last point is frequently met with strong emotional rejection by Muslims. We must, therefore, apologize in advance for touching on a matter that is most contentious. If we offend any religious feelings here or elsewhere, it is not done from a sneering or superior attitude. The reader will have to accept that we do not want to hurt him in any way - except with a view to uncovering facts that might help him to find the Truth of God and eternal life. &lt;br /&gt;Christians and Muslims believe in good and bad, light and darkness, God and the Devil. There is constant spiritual warfare between these forces. Each man or woman; boy or girl living on earth is the prize in this battle. God gives His rewards to His followers - and so does the Devil. One of the main tasks of the Devil is betrayed by his biblical name. He is called "diabolos" or "one who mixes up things." From time immemorial we know first of primitive, but later developing, forms of witchcraft and spiritism. This incorporates direct contact with spirits and intelligent communication between a medium and a spirit and vice versa. Fortune telling, which one may call the "prophecy" of the devil, is one of the features that is inclined to bring man into bondage. &lt;br /&gt;Spiritism of any form is rejected by and forbidden in the Bible in no uncertain terms (Deuteronomy 18:10:14, Leviticus 20:6 etc.). &lt;br /&gt;"Whoever does these things is an abomination (disgust) to the Lord....the Lord your God has not allowed you so to do." &lt;br /&gt;This passage is immediately followed by the words: &lt;br /&gt;"The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet from among you.... I will put my words in his mouth, and he (in contrast to spirits) shall speak to them all that I command Him." &lt;br /&gt;It has been established ("Christians Answer Muslims", pp. 111ff.) that this refers to Jesus. So we must not go to any other source but Him. To ensure us of His trustworthiness and reliability, the prophets of old foretold His coming and work in much detail. (ibid. pp. 48 ff.). &lt;br /&gt;It lies in the nature of the diabolos, Satan, to confuse this. His first words recorded in the Bible are "Should God have said....?" - sowing doubt and distrust. Consequently, in the battle for mankind, Satan has provided his revelations also. They are subtle, no doubt, or else no-one would be tripped up thereby. So we Christians are extremely careful not to accept anything as coming from God, which is actualy from another source. &lt;br /&gt;With this in mind we ask the question: Is the Jahveh Elohim (Lord God) of the Bible really the same as al'illah of the Quran? Contrary to the view of the Quran, the objective student must agree that - although we may use the English term "God" for both - they are not likely to be the same. Who is Allah then? He was not, of course, an invention of Mohammed's. Al'illah was not unknown before the coming of Mohammed. Allah is a form of "al'illah", which means "the God". We note the article, "the". He was generally known before Mohammed's time as can be seen in the name of Mohammed's father, for instance, which was Abd-ullah (slave of Allah). His uncle's name was Obeidallah. &lt;br /&gt;"The Quran itself bears out the fact that the old polytheism had no real hold as a religion, and that Allah was in a sense recognized as a supreme deity by the polytheists themselves....In all the opposition to Muhammad we scarcely meet a defence of the old religion which can be called an argument in its favour. The Quran is quite frank in recording the objections raised by opponents; but there is no reference to any defence of polytheism which could be said to rest on a conviction of its truth....It is inherently probable that the heathen themselves had some such idea of the relation of their special gods to a supreme deity....They will admit that Allah is the creator of the worlds....It seems clear that the Arabs had the idea of a supreme God, in a sense superior to their local deities, but only turned to in their times of stress." ("The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment" by Richard Bell, pp. 55-57). &lt;br /&gt;We also know of poets who used the name Allah before Mohammed.The seven "Moallaqat" by Imra'ul Cays and the "Dewan" by Labid refer to Allah. (For further information on pre-Islamic knowledge we refer to the chapter "Sources of Islam" pp. 96 ff.)." &lt;br /&gt;We are aware of the explanation by our Muslim friends, that over the period of some 2 500 years since Abraham and Ishmael began worshipping God to the time of Mohammed, Allah had gradually been degraded in status to be placed, eventually, among the heathen deities of idolatrous Arabia. This maybe so, but does not really convince us. Also, we see no support for this view in the faith that the Hanifites had in the God of Abraham. They must have been in contact with the Jews and Christians in the Arabian Peninsula, who had knowledge of the story of Abraham in the Bible. What confirms this is that of the six contemporaries of Mohammed that are titled Hanif, half became Christians and one confessed not to know the right way. &lt;br /&gt;The following account is from the Sirat: &lt;br /&gt;"The Coreish were once gathered together during their Eid beside one of their idols, slaying sacrifices, praying and making circuits around it, as they used to do at this festival every year. Just then four friends stood apart, and spoke secretly to one another in righteous terms. These were Waraca, Obeidallah grandson of Abdul Mutalib. Othman and Zeid ibn Amr. They said: - 'By the Lord! Our people have nothing left of the faith of Abraham. What is this stone that we should encircle it? It can neither hear nor speak, neither hurt nor help. O our people! Look out for your souls, for by the Lord you are altogether wanting.' Then they separated, and departed into various lands to find out the true faith of Abraham. Waraca embraced the Christian religion, and studying the books of its people, became fixed in their faith. Obeidallah remained in his doubts, but at last embraced Islam; then with a party of the Moslems he emigrated to Abyssinia along with his wife Omm Habibah, daughter of Abu Sofian and also a believer. There, however, he afterwards became a Christian, and perished. When he was converted to Christianity, he said to his companions: - We see, but you are only blinking' - this is, cannot see plainly, like a whelp trying to open its eyes. The Prophet himself married his widow....Now as to Othman, he repaired to the court of the Emperor of Byzantium, where he obtained a high rank and embraced the Christian faith....Last of all we come to Zeid, who stood fast, joining neither the Jewish nor the Christian religion. He broke off from his people's faith, and gave up idols, the eating of carrion, blood, the slaughter of animals for the gods, and the putting of daughters to death. He said: - I worship the God of Abraham; but he blamed the people for having chosen evil ways....Zeid, then very aged, leaning with his back on the Ka'aba....prayed: - O, Lord! If I know what way was most pleasing unto thee, I would worship thee in that manner, but I know it not.' " (Siratu'l Rasool vs. 144 p. 99). &lt;br /&gt;All these points on which we are to elaborate in this study show justifiable reasons why Christians are so sceptical about Islam. We find that the common belief of Muslims is not really based on historical Islam and on the original theology of the Quran, the Hadis and the theologians who understood Islam and its message in its original context. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: If you compare the evidences for the inspiration of the Quran with those of the Bible, must you not honestly admit that the Biblical evidences ("Christians Answer Muslims" pp. 43ff., 105, 135) are incomparable? &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;HOW THE QURAN WAS REVEALED &lt;br /&gt;We are disturbed about an important aspect of the childhood of Mohammed. In the "Siratu'l Rasul" (vss. 105-106) of Ibn Hisham, we are told that the husband of Mohammed's nurse, Halimah, fancying that something very serious was coming upon young Mohammed, said to her: &lt;br /&gt;"Halimah, I fear that this lad has become afflicted, therefore unite him with his people ere that become manifest in him.' When Halimah gave him back to his mother, Aminah, the latter was surprised and said: 'Dost thou then fear that Satan has come upon him? His nurse admitted that she did. " ("Mizanu'l Haqq", page 347). &lt;br /&gt;"....Ali Halabi, in his Turkish work entitled 'Insanu'l Uyun', informs us that many people declared that Aminah, Mohammed's mother, used a spell in order to recover him from the influence of the evil eye....(ibid.). &lt;br /&gt;Of his childhood we know only a few facts, but one of them is that, when he was quite a young boy, living in the desert with his foster parents, a peculiar incident occured. The story is told differently by various authorities, but Muslim's account is based on a Tradition handed down from Anas (ibn Malik): &lt;br /&gt;"As for the Apostle of Allah, Gabriel came to him while he was playing with the (other) lads. He took him and threw him on the ground and split his heart. Then he took out of it a drop of clotted blood, and said, 'This is Satan's portion of thee'.... And the lads came running to his mother (foster mother) and said: 'Verily Mohammed has been killed.' They went to meet him, and he had changed colour." (Muslim) (Mishkat IV, page 367). &lt;br /&gt;We realize that both reports describe the same incident. We cannot doubt that supernatural powers guided Mohammed. When we observe the evidence of Mohammed's behaviour and the circumstances under which he received the messages, supernatural guidance can hardly be denied. &lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, it is beyond doubt that Mohammed was deeply troubled by his first revelations (Siratu'l Rasool vs. 156). One Hadis goes so far as to state that he even contemplated suicide. He also doubted his calling during a period of silence (Fatra). &lt;br /&gt;Before the revelations came to Mohammed. "he saw prophetic dreams and heard unseen voices and calls" (Mishkat IV. page 354). &lt;br /&gt;The experience of his first revelation is equally impressive: &lt;br /&gt;"....he used to seclude himself to the cave of Hira and engaged therein in deep devotion (we would ask to what or whom? Allah had not yet revealed himself! G.N.) for many nights (!) before he went to his house and provided himself with food....until the truth came to him while he was in the cave of Hira." &lt;br /&gt;We know how this continued, but it is nevertheless striking to hear the words of the Hadis: &lt;br /&gt;"Then he (Gabriel) took me and pressed me a third time till there appeared a great exhaustion on me." &lt;br /&gt;On his coming home he said to Khadijah: &lt;br /&gt;"Wrap me up, wrap me up! Then they wrapped him until the dread went away from him." (Mishkat IV, pages 356-357). &lt;br /&gt;Reading the oldest historical account about the first revelation in Hira (Siratu'l Rasool vs. 152), we feel uneasy, for the entire experience is removed from reality, being a dream. Gabriel, the angel who transmitted the revelations, "came to me, said the apostle of God while I was asleep....". After reporting the conclusion of the revelation, we read on (vs. 153) that he awoke from his sleep. This is identical to the experience of the night journey from Mecca to the Masjid al-Aqsa (which was not in existence at that time!) on Buraq. Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufyan said that this was a vision and Aisha used to say "The Apostle's body remained where it was, but God removed his spirit by night." (ibid. vss. 265-266) (See also vs. 151). &lt;br /&gt;Strangest of all to us is the test which Khadija, the first wife of Mohammed, applied to identify the source of the first revelation. She asked Mohammed to notify her whenever the messenger should appear again. This time it obviously did not happen in a dream. Upon his notification that Gabriel had come, she said: "Get up, O son of my uncle and sit by my left thigh'. The apostle did so, and she said: 'Can you see him?' 'Yes,' he said." This was repeated on her right thigh with like result. After that she asked him to sit in her lap with the same result. Now "she disclosed her form and cast aside her veil while the apostle was sitting in her lap (according to 'Abdullah ibn Hasan' she made the apostle of God 'come inside her shift') whereupon Gabriel departed." (ibid. vs.154). The report ends with Khadija being satisfied that it must have been an angel and not Satan. We have to ask the question: What did Khadija know about Satan and angels, at least at that stage, and what did she know about Allah? &lt;br /&gt;It is surprising that even straight after the first revelation Khadija said: &lt;br /&gt;"By Allah, never will Allah humiliate you." (ibid). &lt;br /&gt;"Ibn Ishaq says that, before the Revelation first began to descend upon him, Mohammed's friends feared that he was suffering from the evil eye: and that, when it came upon him, almost the same illness attacked him again. In tradition it is stated that he (Mohammed) said: 'I fear lest I should become a magician, lest one should proclaim me a follower of the Jinn (spirit)', and again: 'I fear lest there should be madness' (or demonic possession) 'in me.' After an accession of shivering and shutting his eyes, there used to come over him what resembled a swoon, his face would foam and he would roar like a young camel." (Mizanu'l Haqq, page 345). &lt;br /&gt;"The Apostle of Allah said (to Ayshah) 'Sometimes it comes to me like the ringing of a bell and that is the most troublesome to me....sometimes the angel assumes the form of a man for me and talks with me and I retain in memory what he says! Ayshah reported 'And indeed I saw him while the revelation descended upon him on an intensely cold day; then it left him while his brow steamed with sweat.' "(Mishkat IV, page 360). &lt;br /&gt;Other Hadis mention that when inspiration was sent down to him, Mohammed's countenance changed and he was troubled at the happening. He also became very heavy, so that his camel, if he was sitting on it, went down. Zaid-ibn-Thabith reported that: &lt;br /&gt;"Once his leg fell upon mine, and, by Allah, there is no such heavy leg as was that of the Apostle of Allah....As often as the Prophet received inspiration, it seemed as if his soul was being taken from him, for he had always a kind of swoon and looked like one intoxicated." (Insanu'l Uyun as quoted in Mizanu'l Haqq, page 346). &lt;br /&gt;If we look at all these by no means scanty Hadis, a picture begins to form. Anyone acquainted with spiritist phenomena sees certain happenings that can be expected at any "good" seance or with a "good" medium. Occult phenomena in childhood; day dreams; the hearing of voices and calls; nightly devotions; extreme persperation during trances and the subsequent exhaustion and swoonlike condition - even the ringing of bells, is not uncommon. Most interesting is the materialization or "forming" of the man who talked with Mohammed and also the condition that looked like intoxication. Anyone being in a real and reasonably deep trance has that look. (On many occasions the writer has witnessed this himself.) All this will also explain the aversion of Mohammed to the crucifixion of Jesus, the symbol of the cross and the God-provided atonement. &lt;br /&gt;Speaking of the returning Jesus (Mahdi): he will destroy the "myth of the cross", "destroy the cross", or "break the cross". (Mishkat IV, page 80 ff.). &lt;br /&gt;It is related by Waqidi that &lt;br /&gt;"Mohammed had such a repugnance to the form of the cross, that he broke everything brought into his house with that figure upon it." ("Dictionary of Islam" page 63). &lt;br /&gt;All this speaks of a very deep rift between the Biblical revelation and the Quranic one. &lt;br /&gt;Revelation in the sense we understand it, is the making known of something that was hidden before. It concerns truth and wisdom from God, which man needs to be directed in life. Animals are equipped with an instinct that guides them. They are not equipped to make moral decisions. Consequently, man turns to God - and God reveals all we need to know about Himself and His purpose and plan with His creation. To us it is plain mockery, when we read in a certain instance of revelation that: &lt;br /&gt;"Sauda (one of Mohammed's wives. G.N.) went out (in the fields) in order to answer the call of nature....She had been a bulky lady, significant in height amongst the women, and she could not conceal herself from him who had known her. Umar B. Khattab saw her and said: 'Sauda, by Allah, you cannot conceal from us'....She turned back. Allah's Messenger was at that time in my (Ayshah's) house having his evening meal and there was a bone in his hand. She (Sauda) came and said: 'Allah's Messenger, I went out and Umar said to me so and so. She (Ayshah) reported: 'There came the revelation to him and then it was over, the bone was then in his hand and he had not thrown it and he said: 'Permission has been granted to you that you may go out for your needs.' " (Sahih Muslim III, page 1186). &lt;br /&gt;If the Quran is nazil, no trace of human hand (character of writer; objectives; culture, traceable similarity to existing cults; emotion, etc.) should be noticeable, but in fact the character, objectives, aims and personal affairs of Mohammed and the context of his time are very clearly detectable. &lt;br /&gt;Mohammed was also criticized by his contemporaries for copying: &lt;br /&gt;Rouzat al Ahbab (Hadis): &lt;br /&gt;"It was Mohammed's practice to converse in their own language with people of every nation who visited him. and hence the introduction of some Persian words into the Arabic language." &lt;br /&gt;According to the Siratu'l Rasool ("Life of the Prophet") Mohammed had among his companions, a Persian called Salman. It is said that some of the Prophet's opponents spoke of this Persian as having assisted him in the composition of the Quran. The answer to this accusation is recorded in Sura 16:105: &lt;br /&gt;"...We know that they say, 'Truly a certain man teaches him,' But the tongue of him unto whom they incline, is a foreign one, (but) this (Quran) is the tongue of perspicuous Arabic." &lt;br /&gt;"This Quran could not have been forged apart from God....The say, 'Why has he forged it?' Say: 'then produce a Sura like it'...." (Sura 1O:39). &lt;br /&gt;It was the custom for poets to hang their compositions upon the Ka'aba. The seven "Moallaqat" were so exposed by Imra'ul Cays. We are told that Fatima, the Prophet's daughter, was repeating as she went along, the verse: &lt;br /&gt;"The hour is come and shattered is the moon" (Sura 54:1). &lt;br /&gt;Just then, she met the daughter of Imra'ul Cays, who cried out: &lt;br /&gt;"Oh that is what your father has taken from my father's poems and calls it something that has come down to him from heaven!" &lt;br /&gt;Imra'ul Cays' poetry is so apparently similar in style and diction to the Quran, that many Muslim scholars held it to be poetry existing within the heavenly tablet from all eternity. ("Sources of Islam", page 9). &lt;br /&gt;Ibn-Hisham further relates: &lt;br /&gt;"Mohammed sat in the assembly, prayed and read the Quran to them, After he had left one day, Nadr, son of al-Harith, came in and told them stories of the great Rustem and Isfandeyar and the kings of Persia. He then said, 'I swear by the Lord, that the stories of Mohammed are not better than my own. They are nothing but tales from the past, which he has written out, just as I have written out mine." Again the Quran answers: &lt;br /&gt;"The unbelievers say, 'This is naught, but a calumny he has forged and other folk have helped him to it.' So they have committed wrong and falsehood. They say 'Fairy tales of the ancients, that he has written down, so that they are recited to him at the dawn and in the evening.' Say: 'He sent it down, who knows the secret in heavens and earth; he is all forgiving, all compassionate.' " (Sura 25:6,7). &lt;br /&gt;The sad fate of Nadr (or Nadir) which resulted from his frankness in voicing his opinion about Mohammed is recorded on page 119. &lt;br /&gt;In addition, we refer to the chapter: "The Sources of Islam" regarding this subject. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: How can one be sure that a revelation comes from God - and not from another source? Are there any objective evidences showing the divine origin of the Quran? &lt;br /&gt;THE COLLECTION OF THE QURAN &lt;br /&gt;It is the general opinion and testimony of Muslims that (unlike the Bible as they assert) the Quran is clear and uniform. There are no differing versions and documents. There is but one Quran and all Muslims everywhere use the identical text, given word for word by Gabriel to Mohammed who, in turn, recited it to his scribes and companions for recording or memorization. These pieces were collected under the Khalifships of Abu Bakr and Umar by Zaid-ibn-Thabith. When a little later contentions arose between believers because of differing recitations (in prayer), Uthman ordered the text to be edited according to the dialect of the Quraish, and this text is the one before us today. &lt;br /&gt;As we shall see, this is not correct - or it is, to say the least, a very romantic concept. &lt;br /&gt;We must say here, however, that by "different versions" of the Bible is generally meant various translations, which do indeed have differences in phrasing as any one translation of a certain text has when compared to another translation of the same text - translations of the Quran not excepted. &lt;br /&gt;Muslims interpret the honesty Christians display about some variant readings of the Bible MSS as weakness and claim that the Quran never had more than one version. Any differences, they say, concerned variant dialects only and never affected the meaning of the text. This is definitely incorrect as the following paragraphs will prove. &lt;br /&gt;Omitted passages. &lt;br /&gt;After the sudden death of Mohammed, Zaid-ibn-Thabith was ordered to compile and write down the Quran (Mishkat'ul Masabih). It is attested that at least three revelations were left out. One of these, according to Mohammed's wife, Aysha, with whom he resided at this death, was kept under their bed at the time of Mohammed's death, but was eaten by a domestic animal (related by ibn-Mayah in "Kitabu'l Sunan" with Sahih Muslim, page 740.) &lt;br /&gt;According to the biographer and Hadis compiler Muslim (page 501): &lt;br /&gt;"Abu Musa al Ashari said to 300 reciters of the Quran in Basra: 'We used to recite a Sura resembling in length and severity (Sura) Bara-at (Sura 9). I have, however, forgotten it with the exception of this, which I remember out of it: 'If there were two valleys of riches, for the son of Adam, he would long for a third valley and nothing would fill the stomach of the son of Adam but dust.' And we used to recite a Sura which resembled one of the Suras of Musabbihat, and I have forgotten it, but remember out of it: 'O people who believe, why do you say that which you do not practise' and 'that is recorded in your necks as a witness (against you) and you would be asked about it on the Day of Resurrection.' " &lt;br /&gt;The latter quotations may be from Suras 61:2 and 17:13, but the first, the same length as Sura 9(129 verses) is missing in the Quran! In this case the possible explanation, namely that of abrogation, is unacceptable, for it would render God very human indeed. We conclude that the statement about the completeness of the Quran cannot be maintained - and with that the argument of "nazil" i.e. that it came from heaven and complete as it is. &lt;br /&gt;Another tradition states (Sahih Muslim, page 912, Mishkat II, page 534 and others): &lt;br /&gt;"Umar said: 'Verily Allah sent Mohammed with truth and revealed the Book to him. Out of the verses, the Almighty Allah revealed. there was the verse of stoning to death. The Messenger of Allah stoned to death (Sahih Muslim, page 920) and after him we also stoned to death: And in the BOOK OF GOD stoning to death is a truth against one, who commits adultery. The verse was thus: 'The old man and the old woman, if they have committed adultery, they stoned them both assuredly.' " &lt;br /&gt;This passage too, is not in the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;"There is a tradition from 'A'isha, the prophet's wife, that a certain chapter which now consists of 73 verses once contained no less than 200; and that when Uthman compiled the Quran, the missing verses could not be found. One of them was called the verse of Stoning, and is said to have contained the order to stone a man or woman who had committed adultery....This verse is said to have been part of the original Quran. Many early authorities say so, and what is very significant is that the first Caliphs punished adulterers by stoning; this is still the penalty prescribed in Muslim law-books, whereas the Quran (24:2) prescribed a hundred stripes." ("Islam" by A. Guillaume, p. 191). &lt;br /&gt;At a later date when Uthman was Khalif, he sent for the existing manuscripts in Hafsah's possession and others, had them revised to one text, and copied several times by Zaid-ibn-Thabith and three men of the Quraish tribe. &lt;br /&gt;"When you differ in anything of the Quran, write it in the dialect of the Quraish, because it was revealed in their dialect " &lt;br /&gt;Uthman sent out one copy of this newly established original to every country and issued orders that every differing compilation or script of the Quran should be burnt. (Mishkat vol.III p.708). &lt;br /&gt;Hafsah's copy of the Quran was burnt by Marrah. Why? Muslims as a rule explain this Hadis (Tradition) as meaning a revision to conform to the language (Quraish) of the original. But we hold that "the difference in the Quran reading" does not only refer to this. Why then burn other codices? Others will reason that the burnt scripts were really corrupt texts. Who was the judge? They were also in writing! Zaid-ibn-Thabith could just as well have used these in his collection. &lt;br /&gt;Much of this chapter is really no more than a compilation of quotations from eminent scholars, linked only by some of my own sentences. Where not mentioned otherwise (and apart from the connecting sentences), the quotations are from "the book The Collection of the Quran" by Dr. J. Burton (University of Cambridge) &lt;br /&gt;"In Sura 53:19 we read 'Have you considered al Lat and al- Uzza and Manat the third other?' This was once followed by the words 'Verily they are the exalted maidens (gharaniq, also translated 'cranes') and their intercession is to be hoped for' ('is approved' in another version). The earliest authority on the life of Mohammed (i.e. Ibn Hisham) asserts that these words were uttered by Mohammed at the instigation of Satan." ("Islam", page 189 and "New Light in the Life ot Muhammad". page 38 by A. Guillaume). &lt;br /&gt;"The Quran has made a slight alteration and a significant omission to the first text: instead of saying By 'al Lat,' etc., it reads,&lt;br /&gt;'Have you considered al-Lat', etc. and the sentence about the exalted maidens is dropped altogether. Subsequently Gabriel came to the prophet and denied that he had revealed the word to him. ('Sirat'ul Rasool' as revised by Ibn Hisham, (vs. 239), Tabari pp. 1 192 ff, al Suhayli, p. 229, Guillaume). The polytheists of Mecca were delighted about this, for these words were those of the chant of the Quraish as they processed around the Ka'aba, but some companions doubted and left Mohammed. Who were the three maidens? The three principle idols in the Ka'aba of pre-Islamic Mecca." (ibid.). &lt;br /&gt;Strange as it may sound, Muslim theologians converted this rather embarrassing account of interpolation or abrogation (however one looks at it) into a story of the victory of light over darkness. A summary of other contentions about the reliability of the Quranic texts will give us more clarity on the subject. &lt;br /&gt;"A curious story is told about "Abd-Allah ibn-Abi-Sarh. While Mohammed was dictating to him the passage beginning (with Sura) 23:12, he was carried away by wonder at this description of the creation of man; and, when Mohammed paused after the words 'another creature', exclaimed 'blessed be God, the best of creators'. Mohammed accepted this as the continuation of the revelation, and told him to write it down. This aroused doubt, however, in ibn-Abi-Sarh, and later he gave up Islam and returned to Mecca; at the conquest of Mecca he was one of those proscribed, but was pardoned on the intercession of Uthman." ("Introduction to the Quran", page 37, by Richard Bell quoting from al-Baidawi's and Zamakshari's commentries). &lt;br /&gt;"The canonical traditionists report that Sura 4:95 was dictated by the prophet to his amanuensis Zayd thus: 'Those believers who sit at home are not equal to those who fight in the way of God with their goods and their persons.' A blind man was present and heard the words. He immediately interjected that were he as other men he would certainly fight; whereupon the prophet interposed the words 'except those who suffer from a grave impediment' which stand in the text today." ("Islam" by A. Guillaume, p.191). &lt;br /&gt;We can see from this that even before the collection of the Quran, the assumed scrutiny and exactness of the revelations was violated. &lt;br /&gt;"Abu Bakr collected the Quran into volumes on the deaths of those killed at Yemama. 'Uthman later derived from these volumes a single text." &lt;br /&gt;"Abu Bakr collected the Quran between two covers" differs from " 'Uthman formed but a single text": 'Uthman alladi jama'a al masahif 'ala mushaf wahid'. &lt;br /&gt;" 'Uthman united the Muslims on a single text": "Jama'a 'Uthman al nas 'ala hada al mushaf", is not what Abu Bakr did when he jama'a al- Quran'." ("Katibal Mugni" by ibn Sa'id Dani). &lt;br /&gt;There were differing texts &lt;br /&gt;It has been clearly documented that at the time of the collection of the Quran there were a number of differing texts. Four main versions became apparent, which co-existed for a considerable time, though they were not always tolerated. &lt;br /&gt;Alfred Guillaume, perhaps the best-known and accepted Western scholar on Islam from the non-Islamic world, sketched this situation in his book "Islam", thus: &lt;br /&gt;"Before an authorized version was established under the Caliph Uthman there were four rival editions in use. These have long since disappeared, but we are told that they differed from the authorized version, some containing more and some less than the latter. When men who had learned one version came into conflict with those who possessed a rival version it was feared that scriptural exegesis would pursue the course it had taken among Jews and Christians who at that time accused the one another of corrupting and falsifying the sacred text. Uthman then entrusted a commission, in which Zayd took a prominent place, with the task of preparing a text which everyone must accept. Only the men of Kufa refused the new edition, and their version was certainly extant as late as A.D. 1000. Uthman's edition to this day remains the authoritative word of God to Muslims. Nevertheless, even now variant readings, involving not only different reading of the vowels but also occasionally a different consonantal text, are recognized as of equal authority one with another. The old Kufic script in which the Quran was originally written contained no indication of vowels, and so the consonants of verbs could be read as actives or passives, and, worse still, many of the consonants themselves could not be distinguished without the diacritical dots which were afterwards added, when and by whom we do not know....Originally considerable freedom prevailed, until a later generation insisted on uniformity but never entirely achieved it...&lt;br /&gt;The arrangement of the text is arbitrary and haphazard....The Muslim world has not yet come to grips with the problem which Christian Europe faced after the Renaissance, but signs are not wanting that thoughtful Muslims are seeking a way out of the logical impasse....Until all the rival readings scattered in manuscripts and books not readily to be consulted have been collected on a scale comparable with the critical apparatus of the Bible, and until a trustworthy lexicon of the Quran has been compiled, details--many of great importance - will remain obscure." (A. Guillaume pp. 57-60). &lt;br /&gt;"Without diacritical marks a word could be read active or passive and many consonants could not be distinguished without the diacritical dots which were added afterwards, when and by whom we do not know." ("Collection of the Quran" by John Burton). &lt;br /&gt;It is clear from these statements that Islam has taken up a strange position: It is totally reluctant, not to say opposed, to subject the Quran, the Hadis and other related manuscripts to a critical scrutiny and evaluation; but at the same time uses the materials collected by Western researchers to declare the Bible corrupt. The relatively superficial critical research on Islam by Western scholars is largely unknown to Muslims and frowned upon, but research, particularly critical research, is bound to be document and fact-orientated, and not romantic. &lt;br /&gt;"The Uthman collection tradition poses a difficult question: which Quran tradition is the more authentic, 1. the Hijazi tradition represented in the universally acknowledged text; 2. the Kufan tradition claiming descent from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud; 3. the Basran stemming from Abu Musa; or 4. the Syrian from Ubayy ibn Ka'b one of the scribes of Mohammed (or from Miqdad/? Mu'ad)?" &lt;br /&gt;"Relative to the Companion texts, Uthman's is the text without interpolations. Relative to the revealed Quran, Uthman is incomplete." &lt;br /&gt;"Uthman quite ignores the most significant feature of reported variants, namely, the attempt to document differing local approaches to certain legal questions." &lt;br /&gt;That the differences in the texts caused much concern, even antagonism, can be clearly seen in the fact that: &lt;br /&gt;"ibn Mas'ud ordered his followers to lay their Qurans in hiding and withhold them from the government agents charged with their destruction." &lt;br /&gt;How did the differences occur? &lt;br /&gt;"The origin of the reported difference was simply that Umar had memorized the Sura at an early date. Hisam became a Muslim only at the time of the conquest of Mecca. Umar was unaware of the later additions to the Sura." ("Fath al Bai by ibn Hajar"). &lt;br /&gt;The variant readings were not copied from one another in a faulty manner: &lt;br /&gt;"The relation between texts is clearly not one in which the author of the ibn Mas'ud variants had the Uthmanic texts before him, and recognizing the ambiguity of his 'Vorlage' (i.e. model or pattern), prepared to select a positive reading. Rather, for him, the meaning of the verse was still alive and this is what he sought to express in the clearest manner. He differs from the author of the Uthmanic texts in that he makes even greater efforts to achieve a clear expression insofar as the deficiencies of the script will permit this. Finally, it is necessary to posit the existence of a parallel tradition independent of the Uthmanic text to account for those innumerable variants which are too trivial and insignificant to be regarded as deliberate alterations ("Die Geschichte des Korantexts" by Th. Nöldeke). &lt;br /&gt;"For the (theological) schools, the Uthmanic and the non Uthmanic Quran traditions were regarded as parallel and equally sovereign." &lt;br /&gt;"That the variant readings appealed to continue to be (sic) associated with individuals among the Companions suggests that they had always been recognized as varying from the generally accepted Quran texts." &lt;br /&gt;There are signs of liberty in arranging the order of the text, at least to some degree: &lt;br /&gt;"ibn Abbas asked Uthman what possessed him to place Surat al Anfal, one of the mathani, with Bara'a, one of the mi'in, join them with no bismillah between them; and place them among the seven lengthy Suras. Uthman replied that often the Prophet received quite long revelations. He would call for one of the scribes and say, 'Put these verses in the Sura in which so-and-so occurs.' Anfal was among the first of the Medina revelations and Bara'a among the last. Since its contents resembled those of Anfal, Uthman took it to belong with it, for the Prophet had died without explaining that it was part of it". ("al Itqan" by Jalal al Din). &lt;br /&gt;"Malik had a shorter explanation for the absence of this bismillah. The beginning of Bara'a fell out and its bismillah fell out with it". ("al Itqan" by Jalal al Din) &lt;br /&gt;Variant readings were generally accepted and explained. &lt;br /&gt;"The Muslims were fully alive to the import of variant readings: 'The differences in the readings indicate the differences in the legal rulings.' (Jalal al Din: "al Itqan")." &lt;br /&gt;"Two opposing doctrines - the invalidation of the ritual purity (wudu') and the contrary doctrine - could both be referred to the Quran, according as the contending fuqaha' read: &lt;br /&gt;Lamastum/Lâmastum; or the permissibility of sexual intercourse with the menstruating woman at the expiry of her period but before she has cleaned herself, and the contrary doctrine, according as they read either yathurna or yattahirna." &lt;br /&gt;"There is an interesting discussion on verses yielding two-fold readings. Abu al Laith reported two views: 1. God had uttered them both; 2. God had uttered only one, but permitted the verse to be read in two possible ways. Samarqanti's own view was that if each of the two readings was susceptible of a distinct interpretation and legal application, God had uttered both. In such instances, the two readings were the equivalent of two distinct revelations. If the two readings yielded a single meaning. God had uttered only one reading, but permitted the other, owing to the differences between the dialects of the peninsular Arabs." &lt;br /&gt;"In Sura 5:7 the verse imposing the wudu yielded a two-fold reading, the distinction this time residing in the vowelling. 'The verse was revealed to sanction two distinct legal doctrines: &lt;br /&gt;arjulakum - enjoined the washing of the feet&lt;br /&gt;arjulikum - permitted the wiping of the feet' ("al Itqan" by Jalal al Din)." &lt;br /&gt;"...the differences over the Fiqh of this question had called forth the differences in reading." &lt;br /&gt;"Local variation was possible solely within the range demonstrated by readings based on the consonantal framework of the universally agreed text. &lt;br /&gt;The scholars were in consequence driven to seek the liberties they craved in varying the vocalic data (arjulakum/arjulikum), or the diacritical pointing (yathurna/yattahirna), or by questioning the punctuation of the individual verses. &lt;br /&gt;"The reading variants that were indentified had been rationalized by attribution to the several Companions." &lt;br /&gt;But it was not only variant readings based on differing interpretation of vowelling and diacritical marks that caused differences. In certain instances we find words interpolated (or forgotten - depending on the standpoint from which one looks at it): &lt;br /&gt;"It was of the highest significance for the history of the development of Islamic Law and to the attendant school polemic whether one read fa mâ stamta'tum bihi minhunna (Q 4.24) with or without the attempted interpolation ilâ ajalin musamman. ("Kitab al Masahif" by ibn abi Da'ud). The sole purpose of the attempt was to provide a Quranic basis (asl) for the doctrine of temporary marriage, mut'a, whose rejection by other scholars was currently based upon evidence circulating in the Sunna. It is of the highest significance whether one read Q 5.89 or Q 4.24 with or without Abdullah's or Ubayy's reported interpolations. Only with the Ubayy interpolation does Q 4.24 sanction the doctrine of mut'a, or temporary marriage, rejection of which was elsewhere being propounded on the basis of information from a third Companion of the Prophet as a part of the Sunna. Evidently the Quran, in the form of the Ubayy reading, is playing the role of a counter-sunna, rather, a counter-exegesis, the function of the Ubayy interpolation being to gloss and bring out the full meaning of the root of stamta'tum, m t'." &lt;br /&gt;The above statements are acknowledged by the teaching of the Ayatollah Khomeini, who in his work "Towzihol-Masael" accepts temporary 'marriage': &lt;br /&gt;"Girls and boys who attend coeducational classes in grammar schools, high schools, universities, or other teaching establishments, and who, in order to legalize such a situation, wish to contract a temporary marriage may do so without the permission of their fathers. The same applies if the boy or girl are in love but hesitate to ask for such permission." &lt;br /&gt;"If a woman authorizes someone to marry her to a man for a period of ten days, for example, without specifying the exact date, the man may contract the marriage at his pleasure, but if the woman has specified a precise day and hour, the formula must be spoken at that specified time." &lt;br /&gt;"Young boys or girls in full sexual effervescence are kept from getting married before they reach the legal age of majority. This is against the intention of divine laws. Why should the marriage of pubescent girls and boys be forbidden because they are still minors, when they are allowed to listen to the radio and to sexually arousing music?" (from "The Little Green Book" or "Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini", Bantam Books). &lt;br /&gt;If the Ayatollah knows no reasons, we do! But that is besides the point here. In another instances the meaning of Sura 5:92 has been altered by the insertion (or omission) of a word. Ghazali relates: &lt;br /&gt;"The fast in expiation for a breach of one's oath need not be consecutive, even if Abdullah did read, 'three (consecutive) days'. This reading is not universally acknowledged to be the Quran text. Perhaps Abdullah adduced this reading in order to elucidate what he took to be a justifiable exegesis." &lt;br /&gt;Sarakhsi (A.H. 490) a Hanafi, argued, &lt;br /&gt;"The fast in expiation of a breach of oath is consecutive on the basis of Abdullah's reading which was in circulation as late as the time of Abu Hanifa, but did not turn out to be mutawatir, the sole criterion for inclusion in the mushaf. No one can question Abdullah's veracity, nor his memory. We can but conclude that the word 'consecutive' was part of the original wording of the Quran and has been preserved in Abdullah's reading. The word was apparently withdrawn in the lifetime of the Prophet. The Muslims were caused to forget it, with the exception of Abdullah who was honoured with its preservation, in order to preserve the ruling. The isolate sunna-hadith may establish a practice: the isolate Quran-hadith can do no less". ("Usul" by al Sarakhsi). &lt;br /&gt;Variant readings were common during the life-time of Mohammed. &lt;br /&gt;"Variant readings, although transmitted from Companions, claim to derive from the Prophet himself." &lt;br /&gt;"A man recited in the presence of Umar who corrected him. The man, incensed, claimed to have recited for the Prophet and he had not corrected him. They carried their dispute to Muhammad. When the Prophet endorsed the man's claim that Muhammad had personally instructed him, doubts sprang up in Umar's mind. Reading Umar's expression, the Prophet struck him on the chest, exclaiming, 'Out devil!' Muhammad then explained 'All the modes of reciting are correct so long as you don't turn a statement on mercy into one on wrath and vice-versa.' "(Tafsir of Tabari). &lt;br /&gt;"It is claimed that the Quran cannot be imitated. So that which is verbally inimitable can scarcely have passed through a phase of multiple wordings when the individual Companions had the Prophet's permission to substitute whichever word chanced to correspond with the meaning revealed by God." &lt;br /&gt;"It may be argued that there may be different readings (texts). The wording of the Quran is not its most relevant feature. The meaning matters above all. Differing readings were known to the Prophet and he lacked the pedantry to object." &lt;br /&gt;"Ubayy entered the mosque and, hearing a man recite, asked him who had instructed him. The man replied that he had been taught by the Prophet. Ubayy went in search of the Prophet. When the man recited. Muhammad said, 'That is correct.' Ubayy protested, 'But you taught me to recite so-and-so,' The Prophet said that Ubayy was right too. 'Right? right?' burst out Ubayy in perplexity. The Prophet struck him on the chest and prayed, 'O God! cause doubt to depart.' Ubayy broke into a sweat as his heart filled with terror. Muhammad disclosed that two angels had come to him. One said, 'Recite the Quran in one form.' The other advised Muhammad to ask for more than this. That was repeated several times until finally the first angel said. 'Very well. Recite it in seven forms.' The Prophet said, 'Each of the forms is grace-giving, protecting, so long as you don't terminate a punishment verse with an expression of mercy, or vice-versa - as you might for example say, Let's go; or, let's be off.' " (Tafsir of Tabari.). &lt;br /&gt;"The different readings have the Prophet's (and Heaven's) approval. Differences in utterance are not material. The meaning is paramount. The differing readings are all equally valid, having been revealed in parallel. The difference appears to consist simply in the use of this as opposed to the synonym. That ought to occasion neither wonder nor alarm, neither squabbling nor scandal. All readings are correct. All readings come down from the days of the Prophet. All readings carry the seal of his approbation. &lt;br /&gt;"...Differences reported from the Companions on Quran matters, which divided them already in the days of the Prophet, concerned more than merely verbal matters &lt;br /&gt;"Abdullah reports, 'We differed about a Sura, as to whether it consisted of thirty-five or thirty-six verses, so we went to the Prophet who was engaged in conversation with Ali. When we told him we disagee over the reading, his face reddened as he replied, "Those before you perished through their disagreements." He whispered something to Ali who said, "The Prophet commands you to recite as you were taught.' "(Tafsir of Tabari). &lt;br /&gt;"A man complained to the Prophet, Abdullah taught me to recite a Sura of the Quran. Zaid taught me the same Sura and so too did Ubayy. The readings of all three differ. Whose reading ought I to adopt?' The Prophet remained silent. Ali who was at his side replied, 'Every man should recite as he was taught. Each of the readings is acceptable, valid.' " (Tafsir of Tabari). &lt;br /&gt;"Umar said, I heard Hisam b. Hukaim reciting Surat al Furqan and listened to his recital. On observing that he was reading many forms which the Prophet had not taught me, I all but rushed upon him as he prayed. But I waited patiently as he continued, and, collaring him when he had finished, I asked him, 'Who taught you to recite this Sura?' He claimed that the Prophet had taught him. I said, 'By God! you're lying!' I dragged him to the Prophet telling him that I had heard Hisam recite many forms he had not taught me. The Prophet said, 'Let him go. Recite, Hisam.' He recited the reading I had already heard from him. The Prophet said, 'That is how it was revealed.' He then said, 'Recite, Umar', and I recited what he had taught me. He said, 'That's right. That is how it was revealed. This Quran was revealed in seven forms, so recite what is easiest.' "(Tafsir of Tabari). (See also Mishkat vol.III pp. 702-705). Also, Al Baizawi (in his commentary on Suras 3:100, 6:91, 19:35, 28:48, 33:6, 34:18, 38:22, etc.) suggests variations extant in his time. (Mizanu'l Haqq, page 261). &lt;br /&gt;"The scholars were to disapprove of the use by the Muslims of the post-Apostolic ages of isolate Quran readings at prayer. That is not, however, the point of the report. The earliest rationalization of reading variants was that, as all had been revealed, all were equally legitimate. Abu Huraira reports the Prophet as saying, 'The Quran was revealed in seven forms and contention about the Quran is disbelief.' " (Tafsir of Tabari). &lt;br /&gt;We would be eager to know what is meant by 'form'. The whole context of this subject seems to leave no doubt, however, that it is not just a matter of dialect or pronounciation, though partly so. &lt;br /&gt;"Ibrahim reports that ibn Abbas heard some man reter to 'the former Quran text'. He asked him what he meant. The man explained, 'Umar sent Abdullah to Kufa as instructor and the people there adopted his reading. Uthman altered the text, and so they refer to Abdullah's reading as "the former text".' ibn Abbas rejected this. 'Abdullah's is the later, based on the final review.' ibn Abbas also reports that Abdullah attended the final review and learned what had been withdrawn and what had been abrogated." (al Qurtubi). &lt;br /&gt;Tradition speaks of a "final review" of all the given revelation by Gabriel. This does not agree with many of the previous quotations, however. &lt;br /&gt;"Zaid is also said to have attended the final review and to have learned what was withdrawn and what remained." ("al ltqan" by Jalal al Din). &lt;br /&gt;"al-Bagawi in Sarh al Sunna, concluded, 'The mushaf which has been traditionally accepted represents the final review text. Uthman ordered it to be copied into the mushafs he despatched throughout the empire, simultaneously making away with all the other Quran materials with the aim of preventing differences. Whatever is at variance with the written text is now to be regarded in the same light as that which has been abrogated and withdrawn. It is no longer competent for any man to go beyond the text'. "("Fath al Bari" by ibn Hajan). &lt;br /&gt;"Tabari taught that the Companions agreed to write out that which they were certain represented the text as checked on the occasion of the final review. They were unanimous that all other Quran materials must be abandoned." &lt;br /&gt;"The Qadi Abu Bakr holds 'that the entirety of the Quran, as God revealed it, and as He commanded that it be recorded, such as He did not abrogate, nor withdraw in respect of the wording alone, is represented in the mushaf of Uthman.' " &lt;br /&gt;"In Baqillani's view, therefore, the Uthman mushaf, as collected by Zaid, equals the Quran minus two classes of verses; nask a hukm we al tilawa and naskh al tilawa duna al hukm." &lt;br /&gt;"ibn Zibyan reports that ibn Abbas asked him which of the two texts he recited. He replied the former reading, that of ibn Umm 'Abd (i.e. Abdullah's). 'But.' said ibn Abbas, 'it is the later of two.' "("Fath al Bari" by ibn Hajar). &lt;br /&gt;"Abdullah is himself reported as declaring, 'Did I know of anyone whom camels could reach who had later information on the final review than I have, I should go to him.' " &lt;br /&gt;"Despite the statement attributed to Abdullah that he who denies a single verse of the Quran denies the entire revelation, Abdullah is depicted in the literature as having denied three whole chapters of the Quran!" &lt;br /&gt;"The codex ascribed to Abdullah is said to lack three of the Suras present in our (the Uthmanic) text. The codices ascribed to ibn Abbas, Ubayy and Abu Musa are said to contain two Suras which the Uthmanic text lacks." ("al Itqan" by Jalal al Din). &lt;br /&gt;"The Mutazili scholar al Nazzam is reported to have impugned Abdullah's memory on the ground that he had denied two Suras (sic) which are part of the Book of God. This is a reference, says ibn Qutaiba, to Q 113 and Q 114, and for his attitude Abdullah had justification. Men may opine and opine wrongly. This is possible for prophets and for ordinary mortals more possible still. What induced Abdullah to refrain from recording the two Suras in his mushaf was that he observed that the Prophet used the chapters as charms to invoke the divine protection upon his grandsons, al Hasan and al Husain." &lt;br /&gt;"A similar cause led Ubayy, on the contrary, to copy into his mushaf the two qunut prayers which he noted the Prophet reciting at the ritual service. Abdullah, taking two chapters to be prayers, thought them to be no part of the Quran, while Ubayy, taking two prayers to be Suras, thought that they were part of the Quran." &lt;br /&gt;"Of the two reports, it was that concerning Abdullah's supposed omission of Q 113 and Q 114, but more especially his refusal to record the first Sura, the Fatiha." &lt;br /&gt;"ibn Mas'ud, the eponym of the Quran of the Kufans, is reported to have said, 'I recited from the very mouth of the Prophet some seventy Suras while Zaid still had his ringlets and was playing with his companions.' In a second version, 'The Prophet taught me to recite seventy Suras which I had mastered before Zaid had even become a Muslim.' Or, again, 'Am I to be debarred from copying the mushafs and the job given to a man who was an infidel in his father's reins when I first became a Muslim?' Abdullah is supposed to have enjoined his followers, 'Lay up your Qurans! How can you order me to recite the reading of Zaid, when I recited from the very mouth of the Prophet some seventy Suras?' " &lt;br /&gt;" 'Am I,' asks Abdullah, 'to abandon what I acquired from the very lips of the Prophet?'" &lt;br /&gt;"I went to Abu Musa's house and saw there Abdullah and Hudaifa. I sat with them. They had a mushaf that Uthman had sent ordering them to make their Qurans conform with it. Abu Musa declared that anything in his mushaf and lacking in Uthman's was not to be omitted. Anything in Uthman's and lacking in his own was to be added. Hudaifa asked, 'What is the point of all our work? Nobody in this region will give up the reading of this saikh, meaning Abdullah, and nobody of Yemeni origin will give up the reading of Abu Musa.' " ("Kitab al Masahif" by ibn abi Da'ud). &lt;br /&gt;A very interesting development can be observed. At first the authenticity of a statement would be measured by the seniority of the man in question. This is apparent from the above texts. There came a shift to giving preference to the younger - the one who was aware of the abrogations and the withdrawn texts. &lt;br /&gt;"In the legal sciences, where hadith reports clash, a brilliant and elegantly simple technique was developed to resolve the problem. This involved employment of isnad theory in terms of ta'akhkhur, the later abrogates the earlier if they differ." ("Kitab al Umm" by al Risalah). &lt;br /&gt;"This resulted, however, in earliness of conversion being driven out in favour of lateness of conversion." &lt;br /&gt;This is the obvious reason why Zaid ibn Thabith was considered more trustworthy to edit Uthman's version than any of the older companions of the Prophet, like ibn Mas'ud, Ubayy or Abu Musa. And that was also the reason for the intended destruction of their versions. &lt;br /&gt;"Uthman prohibited the variant readings since he feared dissension. It is said that when Uthman received the completed mushaf, he noticed certain linguistic irregularities." ("Masahif"). &lt;br /&gt;"Yazid b. Mu'awiya was in the mosque in the time of al Walid b. Uqba, sitting in a group among whom was Hudaifa. An official called out, 'Those who follow the reading of Abu Musa, go to the corner nearest the Kinda door. Those who follow Abdullah's reading, go to the corner nearest Abdullah's house. 'Their reading of Q 2:196 did not agree. One group read, 'Perform the pilgrimage to God. 'The others read it, 'Perform the pilgrimage to the Ka'aba' Hudaifa became very angry, his eyes reddened and he rose, parting his qamis at the waist, although in the mosque. This was during the reign of Uthman. Hudaifa exclaimed, 'Will someone go to the Commander of the Faithful, or shall I go myself? This is what happened in the previous dispensations.' " ("Kitab al Masahif" by ibn abi Da'ud). &lt;br /&gt;"Hudaifa said to Uthman, 'Whatever you would do if you heard someone talking of the reading of so-and-so, and the reading of another, as the non-Muslims do , then do it now.'"(" Kitab al Muqni" by b. Sa'id al Dani). &lt;br /&gt;"Hudaifa said, "The Kufans say, "the text of Abdullah"; the Basrans say, "the text of Abu Musa". &lt;br /&gt;By God! if I reach the Commander of the Faithful, I will recommend that he drown these readings.' (Masahif). Abdullah said, 'Do and God will drown you, but not in water!' " (ibid). "Abdullah, Hudaifa and Abu Musa were on the roof of Abu Musa's house. Abdullah said, 'I hear you say such and such.' Hudaifa said,' Yes, I deplore folk talking about this one's reading and that one's reading. They are differing like non Muslims.' Hudaifa continued, 'Abdullah b. Qais, you were sent to the Basrans as governor and teacher. They have adopted your adab, your dialect and your text.' &lt;br /&gt;To b. Mas'ud he said, 'You were sent to the Kufans as their teacher and they have adopted your adab, your dialect and your reading.' " &lt;br /&gt;'In that case,' retorted b Mas'ud, I have not misled them. There is no verse in the Book of God but that I know where and in what connection it was revealed. Did I know of anyone more learned than myself on the subject I should go to him.' (Masahif.). &lt;br /&gt;And yet he differs in content from the Uthmanic version. &lt;br /&gt;"The conclusion which such reports invite us to draw is that there was genuine fear that Islam. like the religions before it, would be fragmented into warring sects as a result of the differences arising in the reading of the sacred texts. Uthman's purpose and his achievement was to unite the Muslims on the basis of a single agreed Quran reading." ("Fath al Bari" by ibn Hajar). &lt;br /&gt;"During the reign of Uthman, teachers were teaching this or that reading to their students. When the students met and disagreed about the reading, they reported the differences to their teachers. They would defend their readings, condemning the others as heretical. News of this came to Uthman's ears and he addressed the people, 'You who are here around me are disputing as to the Quran, and pronouncing it differently. It follows that those who are distant in the various regional centres of Islam are even more widely divided. Companions of Muhammad! act in unison; come together and write out an imam (iman?) for the Muslims.' "("Kitab al Masahif" by ibn abi Da'ud). &lt;br /&gt;"The reading disputes were apparently not restricted to the provinces. They appear to have prevailed also at Medina. We are unfortunately given no information on the nature of these differences, nor any explanation as to how they might have arisen. We are told, however, that when the completed mushaf was delivered, Uthman observed certain irregular uses." (ibid.). &lt;br /&gt;"Unanimity is often claimed by appeal to the authority of Ali who is projected as averring that what Uthman had done in respect of the mushaf, and especially in respect of the most sensitive issue of all, the alleged destruction of all Quranic records other than the textus receptus achieved as the result of his initiative, he had done only after the fullest consultation with the Companions. Far from protesting at this highhandedness, they had applauded and blessed his decisiveness." &lt;br /&gt;"By God! he did not act on the mushaf except in the fullest consultation with us, for he said, 'What is your view in this matter of reading? I have heard that some even say, "My reading is superior to yours." This is tantamount to heresy.' We asked him, 'What are you thinking to do?' He replied, 'My view is that we should unite the Muslims on the basis of a single mushaf. That way, there will be no disagreement, no segmentation.' We replied, 'An excellent idea!' Someone then asked, 'Whose is the purest Arabic? and whose the greatest acquaintance with the recitation (alt. Quran)? 'They said that the purest Arabic was that of Sa'id b. al As and that the one most acquainted with the recitation (Quran) was Zaid b. Thabith. Uthman said, 'Let the one write and the other dictate.' The two then set to work and in this way Uthman united the Muslims on the basis of a single text." &lt;br /&gt;"Ali concludes his report with the declaration, 'Had I been in power, I should have done just what Uthman did." (ibid.). &lt;br /&gt;(The above quotations are taken from the book "Collection of the Quran" by Dr. John Burton). &lt;br /&gt;"It is not without interest, that records show that the Quranic text was finally fixed by the two visirs ibn Muqlah and ibn-'Tsa in A.D. 933 (A.H. 311) with the help of the learned ibn Mujahid. Ibn Majahid admitted seven readings, which had developed because of lack of vowel and diacritical marks, as canonical." ("History of the Arabs" by Philip K. Hitti, page 123 as quoted from "Materials for the History of the Text of the Koran" by Arthur Jeffery and "New Researches into the Composition and Exegesis of the Koran" by Hartwig Hirschfeld). &lt;br /&gt;All this proves beyond any doubt that the very accusation levelled by Muslims against the Bible, can be reversed and applied far more effectively against the Quran. When a Muslim refers to the Quran as "nazil" he is flying in the teeth of the facts recorded above. Therefore, considering the absence of external and internal evidence that should effectively verify the revelatory character of the Quran, we find it very hard, if not impossible, to accept the Quran as a Message sent by God. This is particularly so, because the Quran contradicts earlier revelation, the evidence for the origin of which is given above. (See pp.3 ff.). &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Why do Muslims continually discredit the Bible on grounds that the Quran, though 600 years younger, shows in a very much exaggerated way? Why is the unity of the Quran so strongly taught, when historical records prove the contrary? Were you, dear reader, made aware of the basic facts outlined above? &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;PROOFS OF THE PROPHETHOOD OF MOHAMMED &lt;br /&gt;Miracles performed by Mohammed as a proof &lt;br /&gt;Despite the fact that Mohammed repeatedly claimed in the Quran to be a warner to Arabia, one who did not pertorm miracles and signs, tradition records a number of occasions on which miracles are alleged to have been performed. Let us first look at what the Quran has to say: &lt;br /&gt;"They (the Jews) say: 'We shall not believe in thee, until thou cause a spring to gush forth from the earth (as Moses in Exodus 17:6) or thou have a house adorned with gold (Solomon in I Kings 6:21 ff.), or thou mount a ladder right into the skies (Jacob in Genesis 28:12)'...Say: 'Glory to my Lord! Am I aught but a man, - an Apostle?' "(Sura 17:90-93). &lt;br /&gt;So were Moses, Solomon and Jacob! &lt;br /&gt;"We refrain from sending the signs, only because the men of former generations treated them as false." (Sura 17:59). &lt;br /&gt;"The unbelievers say: 'Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord? But thou art truly a warner and to every people a guide (Sura 13:7). &lt;br /&gt;"When there comes to them a sign (from Allah) (i.e. the Quran Sura 2:99, 151, 252) they say: 'We shall not believe until We receive one like those received by Allah's Apostle! Allah knows best where (and how) to carry out His mission." (Sura 6:124). &lt;br /&gt;"They say: 'Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?' Say: 'Allah hath certainly power to send down a sign. 'But most of them understand not!" (Sura 6:37). &lt;br /&gt;"Say those without knowledge: 'Why speaketh not Allah unto us? Or why cometh not unto us a sign?' So said the people before them words of similar import. Their hearts are alike. We have indeed made clear the signs...We have sent thee in truth as a bearer of good tidings and a warner." (Sura 2:118-119). &lt;br /&gt;All this is plainly contradicted by the Hadis that tell us stories of signs. May just a couple be representative of the rest: &lt;br /&gt;We read in the "Sahih Muslim" (IV, page 1 467): &lt;br /&gt;"We were along with Allah's Messenger at Minâ that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain (the mountain covered one of its parts according to another writer) and the other one was on this side of the mountain." "The people of Mecca demanded from Allah's Messenger, that he should show them (some) signs (miracles) and he showed them the splitting of the moon." &lt;br /&gt;We find this rather a strange argument. How did the witness know that the other part was behind the mountain? &lt;br /&gt;A number of Hadis tell about miracles: Mohammed, being thirsty, asks permission to milk an almost "dry" goat. After obtaining it he invoked blessing on it and it supplied milk profusely, enough for the owner, his companions and himself ("Mishkat" IV, page 450). Asked for credentials of his prophethood, he &lt;br /&gt;"called a tree while it was by the side of a valley, and so it came, tearing the ground till it stood in his presence. He wanted it to recite three attestations (Kalimas). So it attested thrice as he had said and then it returned to its root." &lt;br /&gt;On another occasion Mohammed called date trees, which came at his command, fell down near him, and returned (ibid. page 436). &lt;br /&gt;"Ibn Mas'ud reported from the Messenger of Allah who said: 'Verily you will be given help and gain (booties), and there will be victory for you.' "(ibid. page 437). &lt;br /&gt;This is considered fulfilled prophecy, i.e. a miracle. We would ask that this prophecy be compared with those in the Bible ("Christians Answer Muslims" pp. 43ff.). &lt;br /&gt;The feeding of a battalion of his soldiers to the full with some scrap foods that multiplied miraculously, reminds one a little of the feeding of the 4 000 (5 000) in the Bible. (Mishkat IV p 429). &lt;br /&gt;Likewise the provision of water "springing forth from amidst the fingers of the Apostle of Allah", is a well-known Hadis (ibid. pages 407 and 427). &lt;br /&gt;Water in the desert is the most important commodity. Hence a number of stories of its miraculous provision are in circulation. On another occasion, the well of Hudaibiyyah was exhausted on the day of the battle of the same name. Mohammed, having heard about it, called for a pot of water. &lt;br /&gt;"He made ablution and then gurgled and invoked. Thereafter he poured it therein (the well) and then said: 'Leave it for an hour.' Then they allowed satisfaction to themselves and their riding animals by water till they departed." (ibid. page 408). &lt;br /&gt;We are, of course, aware that wells do fill up again after having been depleted! &lt;br /&gt;To the Christian reader many of these reports sound very much like the legendary stories of the New Testament Apocrypha. These are well-meaning "reports" often very fanciful in character. They lack just one thing: authenticity. The Apocrypha dates mainly from the Second Century A.D. i.e. 70-l70 years after the death of jesus. The Hadis was compiled approximately 250-300 years after the Hegira. This being the case, we have to take both the Apocrypha and the Hadis with a pinch of salt." &lt;br /&gt;"A man wrote to the Prophet that he turned an apostate from Islam and joined the infidels (the man was according to the foot note, first a Christian, then turned Muslim and reverted again to the Christian faith). The Prophet said: 'Verily the earth will not accept him.' Abu Talhah informed me that he had come to the land wherein he died. He found him thrown outside. He said: 'What is the matter with him?' They said: 'They buried him several times, but the earth did not accept him.'" (ibid page 419). &lt;br /&gt;One is tempted to compare the attitude of Mohammed with that of the early Christians. Tradition has it that when the Apostle john returned to Ephesus after having been banned to the Isle of Patmos for a period of time, he found a young man of the Christian fellowship there missing. On enquiring, he found out that he had back-slidden and joined the robbers in the hinterland mountains. "You did not love him enough," exclaimed the very old John and asked to be taken into the mountain to the robbers. He recognized the man and saw that he returned to Christian fellowship. &lt;br /&gt;Another alleged miracle of Mohammed's took place at the battle of Hunain: &lt;br /&gt;"The companions of the Apostle of Allah took (to their) heels. When they (apparently the enemies. G.N.) surrounded the Apostle of Allah, he got down from the mule (Mohammed always rode a white mule. G. N.) and then caught a handful of dust from the earth, threw it toward their faces and said: 'May thy faces be disfigured!' Allah did not create a man out of them, but filled up his eyes with dust (sic) as a result of that handful and so they turned back. Thus Allah routed them, and the Apostle of Allah divided their booties among the Muslims." (ibid. page 413). &lt;br /&gt;Another account of the same event reports &lt;br /&gt;"The Prophet was looking while riding upon his mule like one eagerly longing to kill them. He said: 'This was when the blood boiled in veins.' Thereafter he took some pebbles and threw them at the faces of the infidels and then said: 'Be routed by the Lord of Mohammed.' By Allah defeat was not due but to his throwing stones at them." (ibid. page 411). &lt;br /&gt;Is there any need for proof that a prophet is indeed from God? Yes, undoubtedly--otherwise anyone could claim to be a messenger of God. (Many have actually done so and misled millions of ignorant and uncritical and well-meaning people.). Prophecies fulfilled and signs prove the authenticity of a messenger of God and his message. Christians seek in vain for prophecies and signs in Mohammed's life. The above-mentioned ones are in disagreement either with what Mohammed himself had said or what the Quran reports. &lt;br /&gt;Prophecies attributed to Mohammed &lt;br /&gt;Applying Biblical standards, we find it difficult to reach the conclusion that Mohammed was a prophet of God: &lt;br /&gt;"HOW MAY WE KNOW THE WORD WHICH THE LORD HAS NOT SPOKEN?" &lt;br /&gt;"When a prophet speaks in the Name of the Lord, if the word does not come to pass or come true, that is a word which the Lord has not spoken, the prophet has spoken it presumptuously, you need not be afraid of him." (Deuteronomy 18:21-22). &lt;br /&gt;"Set forth your case, says the Lord; bring your proofs, says the King of Jacob. Let them bring them and tell us what is to happen. Tell us the former things, what they are, that we may consider them, that we may know their outcome, or declare us the things to come. Tell us what is to come hereafter, that we may know that you are gods." (Isaiah 41:21-23). &lt;br /&gt;In addition we refer to a statement in the Mishkat Volume IV, page 396 where it says: &lt;br /&gt;"The greatest thing in miracles is a prophecy i.e. a forecast of future events. This us not a political forecast but a forecast of future secrets derived from Divine Knowledge. Prophecy is greatest for the following reasons. It can be historicalIy proved but a miracle cannot. Prophecy manifests God's fore-knowledge, while a miracle God's power. As knowledge is greater than power, prophecy is greater than a miracle." &lt;br /&gt;When we consider Mohammed in the light of this, we find that he spoke about past events, but as has already been pointed out, his knowledge was scanty and displays historical misconceptions. Did Mohammed then foretell future events? We shall investigate the matter: &lt;br /&gt;Books have been written about this subject (I refer especially to one by Q. I. Hingora), but generally there are said to be twenty-two PREDICTIONS IN THE QURAN. These are recorded in the following passages: &lt;br /&gt;Sura &lt;br /&gt;2:23 and 24, 88 and 89 &lt;br /&gt;3:10,106,107,144 &lt;br /&gt;5:70 &lt;br /&gt;8:7 &lt;br /&gt;9:14 &lt;br /&gt;15:9,96 &lt;br /&gt;24:55 &lt;br /&gt;28:85 &lt;br /&gt;30:1-4 &lt;br /&gt;41:42&lt;br /&gt;48:16-21,27,28 &lt;br /&gt;54:44-45 &lt;br /&gt;56:1-56 &lt;br /&gt;110:1,2 &lt;br /&gt;They may be divided into three categories: &lt;br /&gt;1. Those that refer to Mohammed's victories; &lt;br /&gt;2. Those relating to the Quran itself; &lt;br /&gt;3. A prophecy regarding the victory of the Byzantines of Syria, i.e. a political forecast. &lt;br /&gt;With regard to the victories, it is impossible to prove these to be valid predictions, since the time between prediction and fulfilment was almost nil. We also realize that Mohammed obviously expected victory, otherwise he would not have been fighting. Besides that, he also needed to encourage his warriors. In every war that has been fought, both parties have expected and predicted victory. One of the two parties has always been right; therefore we cannot regard these predictions as prophecies. &lt;br /&gt;The prophecies regarding the Quran are predictions about the preservation of the Quran in a state of completeness and without injury (Sura 15:9). If we consider the destruction of all original manuscripts by Uthman, after he had revised and reduced these to one uniform copy, as well as the loss of Suras as recorded in the Traditions (See page 49), we must conclude that this prophecy was not fulfilled. &lt;br /&gt;The remaining prophecy is in Sura 30:1-4 and reads: &lt;br /&gt;"The Romans have been defeated in the nearest part of the land and they shall conquer in a small number of years after their defeat." &lt;br /&gt;This passage refers to the defeat of the Byzantines in Syria by the Persians under Khusran Parvis. (A.D. 615 - 6 years before the Hegira). However, the defeat of the Persians should take place soon--"in a small number of years". In the light of this prediction, Abu-Bakr undertook a bet with Ubai-ibn-Khalaf that this prediction would be fulfilled within three years, but he was corrected by Mohammed who stated that the "small number" is between three and nine years (Al-Baizawi). Muslims tell us that the Byzantines overcame their enemies within seven years. The fact, however, is that the Byzantines defeated Persia in A.D. 628 (Al-Baizawi commentary). That was twelve years after the prediction of Mohammed. Consequently this passage does not qualify as a prophecy, particularly as the time between prophecy and fulfilment was far too short, and in addition the event was easily predictable. &lt;br /&gt;Perhaps we ought to realize, that some "prophecies" uttered by Mohammed in the Quran, have not been fulfilled, e.g. Sura 4:159: &lt;br /&gt;"There is none of the People of the Book (Jews) but must believe in him (Jesus) before his death." &lt;br /&gt;There are two possible interpretations to this text. This depends on whose death the writer refers to. If it refers to the "People of the Book", is has already been proved incorrect; if to the death of Jesus Christ, this is to occur, according to the Hadis, after his return to earth at the end of time. This is equally unacceptable as a prophecy. (Above information i.a. from Mizanu'l Haqq, page 277). &lt;br /&gt;The prophetic argument thus breaks down. We may conclude that we do not find Quranic prophecy conforming to the Biblical standard as set out in ("Christians Answer Muslims", pp. 44ff.). &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: We saw earlier that the Quran does accept the Bible as revelation. In this revelation God warns of false prophets and provides a pattern for testing fulfilled prophecies. According to this pattern we, as the contemporary Jewish and Christian believers, find it not possible to accept Mohammed as one of God's prophets. Can we be expected to go against God's standards? Will God abandon His standands for others (Muslims)? Do we have to assume inconsistency on the part of God? &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;"PRODUCE A SURA LIKE IT!" &lt;br /&gt;"The Quran is the greatest wonder among the wonders of the world. It repeatedly challenged the people of the world to bring a chapter like it, but they failed and the challenge remained unanswered up to this day. The Quran declares: 'And if you are in doubt as to which We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a chapter like it, and call on your helper, besides Allah, if you are truthful.' (Sura 2:23)." &lt;br /&gt;"Say: "If men and Jinn should combine together to bring the like of this Quran, they cannot bring the like of it, though some of them help others. And certainly We have made distinct for men every kind of description but majority of men do not consent but denying (sic)". (Sura 17:88). &lt;br /&gt;"As the Quran was revealed, no credit is given therefore to the Prophet, but the fact remains that this book is second to none in the world according to the unanimous decision of the learned men in points of diction, style, rhetoric, thoughts and soundness of laws and regulations to shape the destinies of mankind." (Mishkat-ul-Masabih, Volume III, pp.664-665). &lt;br /&gt;We can add another challenge as found in Sura 10:37-38: &lt;br /&gt;"This Quran is not such as can be produced by other than Allah; on the contrary it is a confirmation of (revelations) that went before it and a fuller explanation of the Book - wherein there is no doubt-from the Lord of the Worlds. Or do they say, 'He forged it'? Say: 'Bring a Sura like unto it, and call (to your aid) anyone you can, besides Allah, if it be ye speak the truth!'" &lt;br /&gt;As Christians we do not want to comment on statements such as the Quran being "the greatest wonder among the wonders of the world, that it is second to none in the world according to the unanimous decision of the learned men in thoughts, soundness of laws and regulations to shape the destinies of mankind". We have sound reasons for differing and have expressed them in these studies. We should like to ask, however, why anyone would be interested in writing a Sura? &lt;br /&gt;Obviously only two motives could prompt a man to do so: &lt;br /&gt;1. A man is called upon by God to do so, and is given a message to convey - or a person has imagined this to have happened to him; or &lt;br /&gt;2. A person pretends to have been called by God to give a message to mankind and is a deceiver and liar. &lt;br /&gt;3. Someone receives a message and believes it to be divinely inspired, but it is, in fact, from another source. &lt;br /&gt;But there may yet be another consideration. A man writes a book. Anyone taking up his pen to write down thoughts (other than those pertaining to business, either domestic, commercial or public), wants to convey a certain message. This may be purely informative news; it may be the deep thoughts of his heart - a philosophy, or a spiritual conviction - but also the overflow of a filthy mind. By this means the man who wants to convey this message to readers becomes a messenger. He may be a messenger of himself, of some political or philosophical cause; or he may be used by the devil or be used by God. In the latter case he is, to some extent at least, a messenger of God. This must not be confused with the revealed Word of God, however. But, if we accept the Quranic challenge: "Produce a Sura like it!" It will not be out of place to compare (like it!) some Suras (or parts thereof complete in themselves) of the Quran with the written thoughts of certain men of various eras and places in history. &lt;br /&gt;Because the tastes of people vary, one may argue about features like diction, style and particularly rhetoric, so we should like you to compare the soundness, beauty and spirituality of thought of each extract rather than the form. &lt;br /&gt;For reasons that to us are unaccountable, most Quran translators have an inclination to clothe their works in a style that is rather outdated and studded with words that an average person must look up in a dictionary. This is not because the translations were made hundreds of years ago, but it has been done to give them an appearance of dignity and age which inspires trustworthiness. We take as an example Yusuf Ali whose Quran translation was first published in 1938, at a time when all translators of the Bible were making an effort to present the original text in the most intelligible and comprehensive way. &lt;br /&gt;Take the case of the reader who does not understand Arabic and who is thus dependent on a translation. He is quite unlikely to gain the impression - and for that he must be forgiven - that the Quran is second to none in the world in points of diction, style and rhetoric. He is obliged to use other translations, perhaps by a non-Muslim translator, to get the actual message or meaning, which may be very clear and simple in the original. Is it perhaps from motives of expediency that an English that makes the message of the Quran obscure has so often been used? &lt;br /&gt;A final remark before we turn to the extracts to be compared. The phrase "second to none" surely does not exclude "previous revelations". Therefore we feel obliged to use some Biblical passages also. We were somewhat tempted to use them exclusively. To our knowledge, the Quran itself does not disqualify the Bible as revelation. &lt;br /&gt;There are no references given with the texts. The reason is that you, the reader, may in a reasonably unbiased fashion select the best texts. Then you may find out the source of your choice from the index given - and reach your own conclusion. &lt;br /&gt;1. "To know God is the beginning of joy, &lt;br /&gt;To serve God is the continuation of joy, &lt;br /&gt;To see God is the consummation of joy." &lt;br /&gt;"God weighs more the love &lt;br /&gt;with which a man works &lt;br /&gt;than the work he does." &lt;br /&gt;2. "Grant me, Almighty God, &lt;br /&gt;that I may circumspectly explore your will for my life, &lt;br /&gt;that I may truly know it and completely fulfil it. &lt;br /&gt;Arrange my life that it may bring honour to you &lt;br /&gt;and salvation to me. &lt;br /&gt;Add to this, 0 Lord, a free heart, a strong heart, &lt;br /&gt;a vigilant heart, an unchangeable heart. &lt;br /&gt;Make me modest without presumption, &lt;br /&gt;serious without sadness &lt;br /&gt;truthful without deceit &lt;br /&gt;brave without fear &lt;br /&gt;active without being thoughtless. &lt;br /&gt;Let my way reach its purpose safely. &lt;br /&gt;Let me set my hope on you forever, &lt;br /&gt;you the loving God of my life." &lt;br /&gt;3. "It is not important what people think and say to us, &lt;br /&gt;but what we are before God. &lt;br /&gt;It is not important what we do, but how and why we do it. &lt;br /&gt;It is not important that we escape suffering, but that &lt;br /&gt;suffering fulfils its purpose. &lt;br /&gt;It is not important when we die, &lt;br /&gt;but that we are ready to meet God!" &lt;br /&gt;4. "For the covenants (of security and safeguard enjoyed) &lt;br /&gt;by the Quraish, their covenants (covering) journeys &lt;br /&gt;by winter and summer, let them adore the Lord of this House, &lt;br /&gt;who provides them with food against hunger, &lt;br /&gt;and with security against fear (of danger)." &lt;br /&gt;5. "The Lord sees not as man sees; &lt;br /&gt;man looks at the outward appearance, &lt;br /&gt;but the Lord looks on the heart." &lt;br /&gt;6. "Is he, then, to whom the evil of his conduct is made alluring, &lt;br /&gt;so that he looks upon it as good (equal to one who is rightly guided)? &lt;br /&gt;For God leads astray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills. &lt;br /&gt;So let not thy soul go out in (vanity) sighing after them." &lt;br /&gt;7. "The Lord is ... not willing that any should perish, &lt;br /&gt;but that all should reach repentance." &lt;br /&gt;"God desires all men to be saved &lt;br /&gt;and to come to the knowledge of the truth." &lt;br /&gt;"What man of you, having a hundred sheep, if he has lost one of them, &lt;br /&gt;does not leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness, &lt;br /&gt;and go after the one which is lost, until he finds it?" &lt;br /&gt;"I am the good shepherd ... I lay down my life for my sheep. &lt;br /&gt;No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord." &lt;br /&gt;8. "This is an admonition: whosoever will, &lt;br /&gt;let him take a path to his Lord. But you will not, &lt;br /&gt;except as God wills ... He will admit to his mercy whom He wills. &lt;br /&gt;But the wrongdoers, for them has he prepared a grievous penalty." &lt;br /&gt;"If God had willed he would have made you one nation. &lt;br /&gt;But He leads astray whom He will and guides whom He will. &lt;br /&gt;But you shall certainly be called to account for all your actions." &lt;br /&gt;9. "My sheep hear my voice and I know them and they follow me, &lt;br /&gt;and I give them eternal life and they shall never perish." &lt;br /&gt;10. "Perish the hands of the `Father of Flame' (nickname of a person G.N) &lt;br /&gt;Perish he! No profit to him from all his wealth and all his gains! &lt;br /&gt;Burnt soon will he be in a fire of blazing flames! &lt;br /&gt;His wife shall carry the (crackling) wood as fuel! &lt;br /&gt;A twisted rope of palm leaf fibre round her (own) neck!" &lt;br /&gt;11. "Lord, make me an instrument of your peace: &lt;br /&gt;that I practice love where I am hated, &lt;br /&gt;that I forgive where I am offended, &lt;br /&gt;that I heal where there us strife, &lt;br /&gt;that I speak truth where there us error, &lt;br /&gt;that I bring faith where doubt oppresses, &lt;br /&gt;that I rouse hope where despair torments, &lt;br /&gt;that I kindle your light where darkness reigns, &lt;br /&gt;that I bring joy where sadness is dwelling. &lt;br /&gt;Lord, let me not seek to be comforted &lt;br /&gt;but that I may comfort others also; &lt;br /&gt;not seek to be understood but to understand others also; &lt;br /&gt;not seek to be loved but to love others also. &lt;br /&gt;For he that gives shall receive, &lt;br /&gt;he that forgets himself shall find, &lt;br /&gt;he that forgives shall be forgiven, &lt;br /&gt;he that dies shall awake to eternal life." &lt;br /&gt;12. "He is surely and truly invincible that clings to God &lt;br /&gt;and to whom God is the only good." &lt;br /&gt;13. "You can only live for what is worth dying for." &lt;br /&gt;"He does not love truth most that speaks about it &lt;br /&gt;but he that endures it." &lt;br /&gt;14. "I renounced for the love of Him everything that was not He, and I live as if there was none but He and I in the world. ... I found no small pain in the exercise and yet I continued it. ... As for what passes in me at present I cannot express it. I have no pain or difficulty about my state because I have no will but that of God which I endeavour to accomplish in all things and to which I am so resigned that I would not take up a straw from the ground against His order or from any other motive than purely that of Love of Him. ... God has infinite treasure to bestow, and we take up with little sensible devotion which passes in a moment. Blind as we are, we hinder God and stop the current of His grace. But when He finds a soul penetrated with a living faith, He pours into it His grace and favours plentifully. ... We often stop this torrent by the little value we set upon it. But let us stop it no more! ... Let us make way for grace, let us redeem the lost time for perhaps we have but little left. Death follows us close. Let us be well prepared for it. ... I have taken the liberty to impart to you these good sentiments that you may compare them with your own. I will serve to kindle and inflame them. ... I know that for the right practice of it the heart must be empty of all other things because God will possess the heart ALONE and as He cannot possess it alone without emptying it of all besides, so neither can He act there, and do in it what He pleases, unless it be left vacant to Him ... God knows best what is needful for us and all that He does is for our good. If we knew how much He loves us we should always be ready to receive equally and with indifference from His hand the sweet and the bitter. All would please that came from Him. That sorest afflictions never appear intolerable, except when we see them in the wrong light." &lt;br /&gt;15. "By the sun and his (glorious) splendour. &lt;br /&gt;By the moon as she follows him. &lt;br /&gt;By the day as it shows up (the sun's) glory. &lt;br /&gt;By the night as it conceals it. &lt;br /&gt;By the firmament and its wonderful structure. &lt;br /&gt;By the earth and its (wide) expanse. &lt;br /&gt;By the soul and that which shaped it. &lt;br /&gt;And inspired it to wickedness and piety, &lt;br /&gt;As to its wrong and its right. &lt;br /&gt;Truly he succeeds that purifies it &lt;br /&gt;And he fails that corrupts it." &lt;br /&gt;16. "The realisation of God without the realisation of our misery makes man proud. &lt;br /&gt;The realisation of our misery without the realisation of God leads to despair. &lt;br /&gt;The realisation of Christ mediates between the two, &lt;br /&gt;for in Him we find God and our misery." &lt;br /&gt;17. "Seest thou not how thy Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant? &lt;br /&gt;Did He not make their treacherous plan go astray? &lt;br /&gt;He sent against them flights of birds striking them &lt;br /&gt;with stones of baked clay. &lt;br /&gt;Then did He make them like an empty field of stalks and straw (of which the corn) has been eaten up." &lt;br /&gt;18. "Say: O ye that reject faith! &lt;br /&gt;I worship not that which ye worship, &lt;br /&gt;Nor will ye worship that which I worship. &lt;br /&gt;And I will not worship that which ye have been wont to worship, &lt;br /&gt;nor will ye worship that which I worship. &lt;br /&gt;To you be your way, and to me mine." &lt;br /&gt;19. "He is no fool that gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose." &lt;br /&gt;20. "The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want; &lt;br /&gt;he makes me lie down in green pastures. &lt;br /&gt;He leads me beside still waters; &lt;br /&gt;he restores my soul. &lt;br /&gt;He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. &lt;br /&gt;Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, &lt;br /&gt;I fear no evil; &lt;br /&gt;for thou art with me; &lt;br /&gt;thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. &lt;br /&gt;Thou preparest a table before me &lt;br /&gt;in the presence of my enemies; &lt;br /&gt;thou anointest my head with oil, &lt;br /&gt;my cup overflows. &lt;br /&gt;Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me &lt;br /&gt;all the days of my life; &lt;br /&gt;and I shall dwell in the house of the Lord for ever." &lt;br /&gt;21. "Lord, when I have surrendered my life, spirit, soul and body, to you; when you have all of me - and I have you; then your love for me is not wasted: I will be spiritual and faithful in all I think or speak or do. More: my love for you and for the unloved and unlovable around me will be motivated and constrained by the love which you have lavished on me. I will have courage to speak the truth, exercise self-control in my moods and actions and will be disciplined in spending my time - in your presence, always!" &lt;br /&gt;22. "The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication, - flog each of them with a hundred stripes; let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by God if ye believe in God and the Last Day: and let a party of believers witness their punishment." &lt;br /&gt;23. "And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst, they said unto him, 'Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?' &lt;br /&gt;This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not. &lt;br /&gt;So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, 'He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.' &lt;br /&gt;And again he stooped down, and wrote on the ground. And when they heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, 'Woman, where are those thine accusers? Hath no man condemned thee?' &lt;br /&gt;She said, 'No man, Lord.' and Jesus said unto her, 'Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more. &lt;br /&gt;Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, 'I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall- not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life." &lt;br /&gt;24. "If you believe Him for forgiveness, you must believe Him for deliverance. He Who saves us from the guilt of sin can deliver us from the power of sin ... He can cut the chains that bind him to his former master ... He purchases us that He might possess us ... If we want deliverance from the power of indwelling sin, we must rely in simplicity upon His Word, accepting without question what God says to us about it. We must still move in faith ... The aim of the Lord involves two things: the praise of God and the perfecting of the believer, that is to say His glory and our glorification. ... He is prepared, for His glory and our good, to go all lengths with us. In occupying our vision with Christ, He seeks to show us what He desires our likeness to become. In this way, the more we behold Him the more we are prepared to endure that we might be conformed to His beauty ... God puts the believer to the test, but in effect it is Himself He puts on trial. When He proves us, He expects us to prove Him. When a person who believes God is put through harrowing experiences, God waits, as it were, to see whether that person will consider Him worthy of his trust to the bitter end. His glory in that circumstance is linked up with that man's faith. When faith triumphs in the sufficiency of God's grace, then God is glorified in the world ... &lt;br /&gt;The entrustment (by God) of trial and discipline is one therefore of highest honour (to us). He dares to expose Himself, to see whether in the darkest hour we will really respond to Him who is invisible, more than all the visible terror about us; to see whether we will love Him more than life and count His joy more to be grasped at than the moment's excitement of an apparent security." &lt;br /&gt;25. "When my soul was embittered, when I was pricked in heart, &lt;br /&gt;I was stupid and ignorant, I was like a beast toward thee. &lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless I am continually with thee; thou dost hold my right hand. &lt;br /&gt;Thou dost guide me with thy counsel, and afterward thou wilt receive me to glory. &lt;br /&gt;Whom have I in heaven but thee? &lt;br /&gt;And there is nothing upon earth that I desire besides thee. &lt;br /&gt;My flesh and my heart may fail, &lt;br /&gt;but God is the strength of my heart and my portion for ever. &lt;br /&gt;For lo, those who are far from thee shall perish; &lt;br /&gt;thou dost put an end to those who are false to thee. &lt;br /&gt;But for me it is good to be near God; &lt;br /&gt;I have made the Lord God my refuge,&lt;br /&gt;that I may tell of all thy works." &lt;br /&gt;26. "To the Thamud people (We sent) Salih one of their own brethren: He said: "O my people! Worship God , ye have no other god but Him. Now hath come unto you a clear (sign) from your Lord! This she-camel of God is a sign unto you so leave her to graze in God's earth and let her come to no harm or ye shall be seized with a grievous punishment. And remember how He made you inheritors after 'Ad people and gave you inhabitations in the Land: ye build for yourselves palaces and castles in (open) plains and carve (sic) out homes in the mountains so bring to remembrance the benefits (ye have received) from God and refrain from evil and mischief on the earth." &lt;br /&gt;27. "They say: `Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?' Say: `God hath certainly power to send down a sign but most of them understand not ... those who reject our signs are deaf and dumb in the midst of darkness profound: whom God willeth, He leaves to wander, whom He willeth, He placeth on the Way that is straight.' ... Say: `For me I have an obvious sign from my Lord but ye rejected it' ... They swear their strongest oaths by Allah that if a (special) sign came to them, by it they would believe. Say: `Certainly all signs are in the power of God but what He wisheth you to understand is that (even) if a (special) sign comes, they will not believe." &lt;br /&gt;28. "What makes a man great, the wonder of creation pleasing in the eye of God? What makes a man strong, stronger than the world? What makes him weak, weaker than a child? What makes a man hard, harder than a rock and what makes him as soft as wax? It is love. &lt;br /&gt;What is older than everything else? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What shall survive everything else? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What cannot be taken away yet gives it all? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What has permanence when all else staggers? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What comforts when all other comfort fails? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What endures when all else changes? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What remains when everything temporal fades away? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What witnesses when prophecies cease? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What does not pass away when revelations cease? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What illuminates when sinister thoughts overwhelm. Love. &lt;br /&gt;What blesses the abundance of gifts? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What gives utterance of right emphasis? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What turns the "Widow's mite" into abundance? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What makes wise the speech of the simple? Love. &lt;br /&gt;What never changes when all else changes? Love. &lt;br /&gt;Only that is love, that never changes!" &lt;br /&gt;29. "Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; &lt;br /&gt;it is not arrogant or rude. Love does not insist on its own way; &lt;br /&gt;it is not irritable or resentful, it does not rejoice at wrong, &lt;br /&gt;but rejoices in the right. Love bears all things, &lt;br /&gt;believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. &lt;br /&gt;Love never ends!" &lt;br /&gt;30. "We have indeed revealed this (message) in the Night of Power: &lt;br /&gt;and what will explain to thee what the Nigh of Power is? &lt;br /&gt;The Night of Power is better than a thousand months. Therein come down the angels and the spirit by God's permission on every errand; Peace! This until the rise of morn!" &lt;br /&gt;31. "Fight those who believe not in God nor the Last Day nor hold that forbidden which bath been forbidden by God and His Apostle nor acknowledge the Religion of Truth (even if they are) of the People of the Book until they pay the poll-tax with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued." &lt;br /&gt;32. "Blessed are the poor in spirit (i.e. those who stand empty-handed or humble before God), for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the sons of God. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven. &lt;br /&gt;Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on My account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven." &lt;br /&gt;33. "O ye who believe! Enter not the prophet's houses, until leave is given you, for a meal, (and then) not (so early as) to wait for its preparation. but when ye are invited, enter; and when you have taken your meal, disperse, without seeking familiar talk. Such (behaviour) annoys the Prophet: he is ashamed to dismiss you, but God is not ashamed (to tell you) the truth ... God and His Angels send blessings on the Prophet: O ye that believe! Send ye blessings on him and salute him with all respect. Those who annoy God and His Apostle - God has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment." &lt;br /&gt;34. "Humility and a deep consciousness of our own unworthiness are the true marks of holiness. The nearer we live to Him of Whom the angels chant 'Holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty, the more we will confess our own sinfulness and rejoice in His Holiness." &lt;br /&gt;35. "You know that the rulers of the Gentiles Lord over them and their great men exercise authority over them. It shall not be so among you, but whosoever would be great among you must be your servant and whoever would be first among you must be your slave even as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve and to give his life a ransom for many." &lt;br /&gt;36. "By the Break of Day by the Nights twice five by the Even and Odd (contrasted) and by the Night when it passeth away; - &lt;br /&gt;Is there (not) in these an adjuration (or evidence) for those who understand? &lt;br /&gt;Seest thou not how the Lord dealt with the Ad (people) of the (city of) Iram with lofty pillars the like of which were not produced in (all) the land? &lt;br /&gt;And with the Thamud (people) who cut out (huge) rocks in the valley? And with Pharaoh Lord of stakes? All these transgressed beyond bounds in the lands and heaped therein mischief (on mischief). Therefore did thy Lord pour on them a scourge of diverse chastisement for thy Lord is (as a guardian) on a watch-tower." &lt;br /&gt;37. "Love may cause pain to its object but only on the supposition that that object needs alteration to become fully loveable. ... Christianity now has to preach the diagnosis - in itself very bad news - before it can win a hearing for the cure. ... A recovery of the old sense of sin is essential to Christianity. Christ takes it for granted that men are bad. Until we really feel this assumption of His to be true, though we are part of the world He came to save we are not part of the audience to whom His words are addressed." &lt;br /&gt;38. "God has not abandoned His first purpose. Still He plans that a great host of mankind should come to love and honour Him. His ultimate objective is to bring them to a state in which they please Him entirely and praise Him adequately a state in which He is all in all to them, and He and they rejoice continually in the knowledge of each other's love - men rejoicing in the saving love of God, set upon them from all eternity, and God rejoicing in the responsive love of men, drawn out of them by grace through the Gospel. ... &lt;br /&gt;His immediate objectives are to draw individual men and women into a relationship of faith hope and love toward Himself, delivering them from sin and showing forth in their lives the power of His grace; to defend His people against the forces of evil; and to spread throughout the world the Gospel by means of which He saves." &lt;br /&gt;39. "Have we not expanded thy breast? And removed from thee thy burden the which did gall thy back? And raised high the esteem (in which) thou (art held)? So verily with every difficulty there is relief: Verily, with every difficulty there is relief. Therefore when thou art free (from thine immediate task) still labour hard and to thy Lord turn (all) thy attention." &lt;br /&gt;40. "So I lift up my hands to my Redeemer. Who after His coming had been predicted for four thousand years has come to this earth to suffer and die for me at the time and in the manner as it had been prophesied. Through His grace I can await my death in peace resting on the hope of being united with Him forever. &lt;br /&gt;Until that time I live content and in gladness of heart, be it with the provisions that He has been pleased to give me or in sufferings which He has sent to promote His salvation and which He has taught me by His example to endure." &lt;br /&gt;No doubt the style and content of the above quotations have betrayed the origin of some. Before looking at the sources, try to give an impartial evaluation. Mark the squares at the end of a quotation. If it is, in your honest opinion, a very spiritual message, mark it 1. If it is very poor in its message fill in a 5 or fill in, according to your own discretion and honest opinion of the quality, any number between 1-5. In the second square give your opinion of the diction, style, rhetoric and beauty of the text. Mark them with any letter from A-E. Then look up the source and decide whether some of the given texts are as good as - or superior to - the Quranic texts. If that is so, you will have agreed with us that the argument (that the Quran is "the greatest wonder among the wonders of the world" and that is is "second to none in the world") is without foundation. &lt;br /&gt;With that the only Quranic "sign" or evidence that the Quran is the ultimate and final revelation of God replacing the Bible as the Word of God and source of salvation has been disqualified. &lt;br /&gt;We need to stress again, however, that your judgement must be impartial, and, as far as possible, unbiased and sober. &lt;br /&gt;You may hold it against the extracts that the selection of the portions from the Quran has been unfavourable in contrast to the other quotations. To a certain extent this is true. But does it not say "produce a chapter like it"? A chapter would mean any chapter, no doubt. It is not unfair to select the very best of the pen of a spiritual man to "produce a chapter like it." This was obviously not possible. We have utilised only extracts from books at hand in our home and have indeed picked both the book and their extracts without doing very much selection. We also did not systematically go through the Quran to pick those Suras or parts thereof which from our point of view were best to quote. So we deem this test to be fair. &lt;br /&gt;We are aware also that this test could be reversed. Biblical texts could be taken and opposed in similar fashion. This has been done but unfortunately the opposition has never taken into consideration that many statements and events described in the Bible are historical records, including quotations uttered by opponents of God, and which do not necessarily reflect the consent, thought and will of God. &lt;br /&gt;Taken out of context such tests may be abused to support just about anything. One must always bear in mind that the Islamic concept of "nazil" is not the Biblical concept of revelation, a fact that must be respected. In the above quotations we were careful not to quote a portion out of its context. That is why we chose several short, but complete Suras. &lt;br /&gt;Most quotations have been translated from one language into another, often twice (for example from Latin to German to English, or even English to German to English again etc.). This obviously must have a negative effect on the expression and beauty thereof, which the reader will no doubt confirm. &lt;br /&gt;Sources: &lt;br /&gt;1. Thomas a Kempis(1380-1471 A.D.) (German) &lt;br /&gt;2. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) (Italian) &lt;br /&gt;3. Eva von Thiele-Winkler (German) &lt;br /&gt;4. Sura 106 &lt;br /&gt;5. O.T. (Old Testament or Torah) I Samuel 16:7 &lt;br /&gt;6. Sura 35:8 &lt;br /&gt;7. N.T. (New Testament or Gospel) I Timothy 2:4, Luke 15:3-4, John 10:14,18 &lt;br /&gt;8. Sura 76:29-30 and Sura 16:93 &lt;br /&gt;9. N.T. John 10:27-28 &lt;br /&gt;10. Sura 111 &lt;br /&gt;11. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226 A.D ) (Italian) &lt;br /&gt;12. St. Augustin (354-430 A.D.) (North Africa) &lt;br /&gt;13. A. de Saint-Excupery (reported missing in 1944 at a reconnaissance flight over the Sahara Desert (French) &lt;br /&gt;14. Brother Lawrence around 1666 (quote from "The Practice of the Presence of God" (French) &lt;br /&gt;15. Sura 91 &lt;br /&gt;16. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) (French mathematician) &lt;br /&gt;17. Sura 105 &lt;br /&gt;18. Surah 109 &lt;br /&gt;19. Jim Elliot (martyr for the Gospel in Amazon Jungle 1956) (American) &lt;br /&gt;20. O.T. Psalm 23 &lt;br /&gt;21. Unknown &lt;br /&gt;22. Sura 24:2 &lt;br /&gt;23. N.T. John 8:3-12 &lt;br /&gt;24. Geoffrey Bull (from "God holds the Key", thoughts during his time of imprisonment in a Chinese Communist Camp) (English) &lt;br /&gt;25. O.T Psalm 73:21-28 &lt;br /&gt;26. Sura 7:73-74 &lt;br /&gt;27. Sura 6:37,39,57,109 &lt;br /&gt;28. Soren Kirkegaard (1815-1855) (Danish), see also Mark 12:42 (Bible) &lt;br /&gt;29. N.T. I Corinthians 13:4-7 &lt;br /&gt;30. Sura 97 &lt;br /&gt;31. Sura 9:29 &lt;br /&gt;32. N.T. Matthew 5:3-12 &lt;br /&gt;33. Sura 33:53,56-57 &lt;br /&gt;34. Jim Elliot (American) &lt;br /&gt;35. N.T. Matthew 20:25-28 &lt;br /&gt;36. Sura 89:1-14 &lt;br /&gt;37. C.S. Lewis (from "The Problem of Pain") (English) &lt;br /&gt;38. J.I. Packer (from "Knowing God") (English) &lt;br /&gt;39. Sura 94 &lt;br /&gt;40. Blaise Pascal (French) &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Does one need a longer list of writings to show that the claim of uniqueness in beauty and content of the Quran is not justified? &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;MOHAMMED - WARNER TO ARABIA &lt;br /&gt;It is clearly evident in the Quran that Mohammed understood himself as being the warner to the people of Arabia - a people who did not have a prophet of their own to relate to them the universal message about the unity of God and His claims as it had been revealed to other nations previously. Now God had sent him to speak to them in their own tongue: &lt;br /&gt;"By the book that makes things clear, - We have made it a Quran in Arabic, that ye may be able to understand."&lt;br /&gt;(Sura 43:3). &lt;br /&gt;"Before this was the Book of Moses as a guide and a mercy; And this book confirms (it) in the Arabic tongue."&lt;br /&gt;(Sura 46:12). &lt;br /&gt;"Thus have We sent by inspiration to thee an Arabic Quran: That thou mayest warn the mother of cities (i.e. Mecca) and all around her." (Sura 42:7). &lt;br /&gt;"Verily this is a Revelation from the Lord of the Worlds: With it came down the Spirit of Faith and Truth to thy heart and mind that thou mayest admonish (warn) in the perspicuous Arabic tongue. Without doubt it is (announced) in the mystic Books of former peoples." (Sura 26:192-196). &lt;br /&gt;"An Arabic Quran have We sent down that you may understand it." (Sura 12:2). &lt;br /&gt;Read also: Suras 16:103; 41:3-4, 43-44; 39:28; 20:113. &lt;br /&gt;Universality for Islam and the Quran, as claimed by Muslims today, is contradicted by the Quran wherein Mohammed is seen as a warner to the Arabic speaking people, particularly Mecca. The term "Arabic Quran" obviously presupposes at least one other Quran (=reading or recitation) and not doubt refers to the Hebrew "Quran" and, if you wish, the Greek "Quran" (being the Old and New Testaments). These "Qurans" are not invalidated by an Arabic Quran, but rather confirmed. There is only one problem: an Arabic Quran was not announced in the "mystic Books of former peoples". To say the least, there is no such book available today, neither was it known at the time of Mohammed. &lt;br /&gt;Another very interesting aspect is that in the pages of both the Quran and the Bible Jesus enjoys a uniqueness that elevates Him above all other prophets. We very much recommend the booklet "The Uniqueness of Jesus in the Quran and the Bible" by John Gilchrist. (See Bibliography). In it the attributes of Jesus are investigated in depth, all of which are absent in all the other prophets: &lt;br /&gt;1. He was born of a virgin (Suras 19:16-34, 21:91); &lt;br /&gt;2. He was sinless (faultless) (Sura 19:19) in contrast to:&lt;br /&gt;Adam Suras 2:36, 7:22-23&lt;br /&gt;Abraham Sura 26:82&lt;br /&gt;Moses Sura 28:15-16&lt;br /&gt;Jonah Sura 37:142&lt;br /&gt;David Sura 38:24-25&lt;br /&gt;Mohammed Suras 40:55, 47:19, 48:1-2, 33:36-38;&lt;br /&gt;and all other men;&lt;br /&gt;3. He ascended to heaven (Suras 4:158, 3:55):&lt;br /&gt;4. He will return to this earth to judge mankind, (Sura 43:61); and, we may add: &lt;br /&gt;5. That He came with signs to prove His identity (heal the blind and lepers; raise the dead). (Sura 5:113). &lt;br /&gt;Indeed, Jesus over and above His uniqueness is universal, even according to the Quran: &lt;br /&gt;"We made her (Mary) and her son (Jesus) a sign for all people." (Sura 21:91). &lt;br /&gt;Surely that should give all people food for thought, particularly those who believe in the message of the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;None of the above can be invalidated by the statement: &lt;br /&gt;"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Apostle of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets." (Sura 33:40). &lt;br /&gt;Yusuf Ali's Commentary on this verse explains it as follows: &lt;br /&gt;"When a document is sealed it is complete and there can be no further addition. The holy Prophet Mohammed closed the long line of Apostles." &lt;br /&gt;This is in keeping with the Islamic concept that the Quran had to replace former scriptures, because of their incompleteness and corruption and that Mohammed, being the last of the prophets, is the greatest of them all. &lt;br /&gt;This interpretation is, however, contradicted by other verses: &lt;br /&gt;"Say ye: 'We believe in Allah, and the revelation given to us, and to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, and that given to Moses, and Jesus, and that given to all prophets from their Lord: &lt;br /&gt;WE MAKE NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONE AND ANOTHER OF THEM." (Sura 2:136). &lt;br /&gt;"Say: 'We believe in Allah, and in what has been revealed to us and what is revealed to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, and the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between one and another among them ..." (Sura 3:84). &lt;br /&gt;It is only later in his career that Mohammed extends his call and apostleship universally (Sura 34:28). &lt;br /&gt;We consequently conclude: Islamic theology that juggles Jesus into second place, or creates an image of Jesus that does not coincide with the teaching of the Gospel, or even with that of the Quran, is the result of embarrassment over the obviously different position that Jesus had in relation to the other prophets, for Jesus was not a prophet within the normally accepted meaning of the word, but the only Salvation that God ever offered to mankind. This is decidedly expressed in His very name Jesus (=salvation). &lt;br /&gt;The Bible claims universality for Jesus as the only liberator from sin, if sin is properly understood (John 14:6, Acts 4:12 and many other passages). The uniqueness of the life of Jesus and the evidences in support of the divine source of the Bible provide sufficient proof for this claim. Why should any man seek help elsewhere? &lt;br /&gt;________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;THE HADIS AND SUNNAH &lt;br /&gt;Some of us met to exchange hadith reports. One fellow said, 'Enough of this! Refer to the Book of God.' Imran b. Husain said, 'You're a fool! Do you find in the Book of God the prayers explained in detail? Or the Fast? The Quran refers to them in general terms only. It is the Sunna which supplies the detailed explanation.' ("L'tibar" by al Hamdani). &lt;br /&gt;The Hadis (or Hadith) is the collection of biographic reports about the sayings, customs and doings of Mohammed and his companions; they also reflect on what Mohammed enjoined and tolerated in his presence or forbade. &lt;br /&gt;In the introduction to the Mishkat, a collection of Hadis, we read: &lt;br /&gt;"Indeed the Quran without the Hadis remains unintelligible in many cases in the work-a-day life of a man. It is the very injunction of the Quran to follow the Prophet in all his deeds and sayings. Therefore if the Quran is believed, there is no other alternative but to believe in the Hadis of the Prophet. 'It behoves not a believing man and a believing woman that they should have any choice (in their matter) when Allah and His Apostle have decided a matter; whoso disobeys Allah and His Apostle, he surely strays off a manifest straying.' "(Sura 33:36). &lt;br /&gt;"I have left you two things and you will not stray as long as you hold them fast. The one is the Book of God and the other the Law (Sunnah) of his Prophet." (Mishkat 1:120, Volume I, page 173). &lt;br /&gt;"Whoso obeys me (i.e. Mohammed) shall enter Paradise and whoso disobeys me, has indeed rejected truth." (Mishkat 1:97, page 159). &lt;br /&gt;"He who seeks the Quran will seek 'sunnah', because it is the commentary of the Quran and its explanation. Gabriel (the angel) revealed 'sunnah' to the Prophet as he revealed the Quran to him." (ibid. Introduction, page 5). &lt;br /&gt;"From the above verses, traditions and sayings of theologians it is now beyond question that all Muslims to whatever ages and climes they belong, must necessarily follow the Hadis of the Holy Prophet." (ibid). &lt;br /&gt;"That which the Prophet of God has made unlawful is like that which God himself has made so." &lt;br /&gt;"Verily, the best word is the word of Allah, and the best rule of life is that delivered by Mohammed."(Hadis as recorded in "Dictionary of Islam", page 639). &lt;br /&gt;Sunnah (or Sunnat) and Hadis are technically synonymous terms, but sunnah &lt;br /&gt;"implies the doings and practices of Muhammad." (Sahih Muslim Introduction, page IX of Volume I). 'It is thus a concrete implementation, a tangible form and the actual embodiment of the Will of Allah...."(ibid.). Literally it means a "path", "way", "a manner of life". &lt;br /&gt;If Mohammed is reputed to have done something it is "sunnah" to his followers. This obviously applies also in the negative sense: if Mohammed rejected or condemned something, it is forbidden to all Muslims. &lt;br /&gt;In the Hadis the Muslim seeks guidance for his actions in every aspect of daily life. To copy the sayings and doings of Mohammed, is (to the Muslim) the safest way to live a life pleasing to Allah. Therefore salvation is sought by copying as closely as possible the life of the Prophet, who is considered to be the greatest of all human beings. Most Muslims believe that Mohammed's life and everyday talk were as inspired as the Quran itself. Sober scrutiny will cast doubt on the reliability of the Hadis, however. To give an example: Abu Da'ud, one of the collectors of Hadis, accepted only 4 800 traditions out of 500 000 and even in his careful selection, he states that he had written down only "those which seem to be authentic and those which are nearly so." (Ibn-Khallikan Volume I, page 590). &lt;br /&gt;Of 40 000 persons who had been instrumental in handing down Traditions, al-Bukhari acknowledges only 2 000 as reliable authorities. From 600 000 Hadis he selected 7 200 of which about half are duplicates of others. The selection thereof was done according to the judgement of one individual collector. &lt;br /&gt;He selected 1,2% of the available traditions well over 200 years after the recorded events took place. (Today we would have to think in terms of happenings that had been verbally transmitted from the time of the composer Frederick Händel or Frederick the Great of Prussia). &lt;br /&gt;We must conclude that these traditions cannot reflect a true and reliable picture of Mohammed, although a methology for the determination of reliability has been developed. ("Dictionary of Islam", page 640). &lt;br /&gt;The fact that many Muslims insist that a Hadis is only acceptable if it does not contradict the Quran, underlines our problem. &lt;br /&gt;There is the Hadisu's-sahi, a "genuine Tradition", handed down by truly pious persons, distinguished for their integrity. Then there is the Hadisu'z-Za'if, which is a "weak Tradition". Another school divides them into "exhorted Traditions", "restricted Traditions" and "intersected Traditions". Yet another school divides the Hadis into "undoubted Tradition", "well-known Tradition", "rare Tradition" "poor Tradition" and a "single saying". All this after having been extensively sifted by the collectors! &lt;br /&gt;From the host of Tradition-collectors, Muslim scholars have singled out six of some 1 465 collections as being the "correct books" (Sihahu's-Sittah): &lt;br /&gt;1. al-Bukhari 256 A.H. (After the Hegira, i.e. A.D. 622) &lt;br /&gt;2. Muslim 261 A.H. &lt;br /&gt;3. at-Tirmize 279 A.H. &lt;br /&gt;4. Abu-Da'ud 275 A.H. &lt;br /&gt;5. Abu-Abdi'r-Rahman 303 A.H. &lt;br /&gt;6. Abu Abdi'llah Muhammad 273 A.H. &lt;br /&gt;In addition must be mentioned the Mishkat (or "Mishkat-ul-Masabih"). &lt;br /&gt;"being a collection of most authentic sayings and doings of the Prophet Muhammad selected from the most reliable collections of Hadis literature" by al-Baghawi. &lt;br /&gt;The theological and judical system of Islam and its practical application are thus based on these books. &lt;br /&gt;Since only few people are sure of the morality of their actions, it has always been considered a "good" way to do what most people do. To copy the one who was Allah's chosen Prophet, who must have been well-pleasing to Allah is surely to follow the best example. (J. Christensen). &lt;br /&gt;So every good Muslim follows, and in doing the right actions seeks the favour of Allah. As we saw earlier, Mohammed directly and indirectly agreed with and encouraged Sunnah. &lt;br /&gt;"Ye have indeed in the Apostle of Allah a beautiful pattern of (conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Final Day." &lt;br /&gt;A brief look at some traditions will illustrate what this involves: &lt;br /&gt;"Umar looked towards the black stone at Mecca and said, 'By Allah, I know that thou art only a stone, and canst grant no benefit, canst do no harm. If I had not known that the Prophet kissed thee, I would not have done so, but on account of that, I do it.' "(Muslim and al-Bukhari in Mishkat III, page 604). &lt;br /&gt;Abd-ullah ibn-Umar was seen riding his camel round and round a certain place. In answer to an enquiry as to his reason for so doing, he said: 'That I know not, only I have seen the Prophet do so here." Ahmad-ibn-Hambal would not eat watermelons, because although he knew the Prophet ate them, he did not know whether he ate them with or without the rind, or whether he broke, bit or cut them. Even so his action was not 'Sunnah', for Mohammed ate watermelons! &lt;br /&gt;Muslims proudly regard Islam as the "natural religion" in which every aspect of life is considered and regulated: from prayer to the cleaning of teeth; from the pilgrimage to marriage and the raising of children. The pattern for this is largely provided in the Hadis. Basically this leads to submission to a long set of rules for behaviour, rather than getting to the heart of the human condition. To put it Biblically: &lt;br /&gt;"Why do you submit to regulations: Do not handle, do not taste, do not touch, (referring to things which all perish as they are used), according to human precepts and doctrines? These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting rigour of devotion and self-abasement and severity to the body, but they are of no value in checking the indulgence of the flesh." (Colossians 2:20b-23). &lt;br /&gt;"Gifts and sacrifices are offered which cannot perfect the conscience of the worshipper, but deal only with food and drink and various ablutions, regulations for the body imposed until the time of reformation (i.e. during the time of the dispensation under the Law of the Old Testament. G.N.) (Hebrews 9:9-10). &lt;br /&gt;Jesus Himself taught us: "Do you not see that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the stomach, and so passes on? But what comes out the mouth proceeds from the heart, and this defiles a man. For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, fornication, theft, false witness, slander. These are what defile a man; but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a man." (Matthew 15:17-20). &lt;br /&gt;We should like to make ourselves clear: We do not criticize good habits! We do not want to discourage anyone from following a good example - on the contrary! &lt;br /&gt;But we must not expect spiritual results from this. The realization of sin; the hatred for sin; true repentance and deep love for God, does not result from keeping laws! &lt;br /&gt;Christians do not despise laws either. What would we do without law and order in this already corrupt and perverse world? Never mind how insufficient and poor these laws often are. &lt;br /&gt;In the New Testament we find that the Law of God is to love Him and to love one another. This love is kindled, like any other human love relationship, by an appreciation of the oblect of our love. This again springs from our occupation with the One we love - or wish to love. &lt;br /&gt;As within a human relationship, we have to probe, make contact, seek information, test and converse. In spiritual terms this means occupation with God's Word, besides our talking to Him in prayer. This means more than the recitation of the Rak'at seventeen times a day or more. No man can honestly claim that he can possibly have intimate contact with God after the first thousand times of recitation, as little as an experienced nurse is moved at the sight of blood. &lt;br /&gt;Adoration, worship, praise and prayer are the overflow of a loving and grateful heart towards God, Who, despite our sinfulness in thought and deed, did not cast us aside, but is willing to receive us back to Himself and to shower His love over us - all by grace, i.e. by presenting this to us as an undeserved gift. This we may accept. Now we in turn can present ourselves to Him. The Bible puts it this way in Romans 12:1-2: &lt;br /&gt;"I appeal to you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that you may prove what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect." &lt;br /&gt;We suggest that there are two ways of achieving submission to God. One is through fear. I fear the consequences of my actions against established rules and laws, and consequently I try to keep them. The relationship between God and man in this case is that between Master and slave. The other is based on love. Because I love God with all my heart, I hate nothing more than to disappoint Him, I hate sin. Anything He likes I endeavour to do, I burn to please Him, as He wants to please me. This is a Bridegroom - bride relationship. The former relationship is predominantly apparent in the Old Testament in God's dealings with a rebellious Israel; the latter relationship begins to appear in the Old Testament, but is unfolded fully only in the New Testament. We need power to overcome sin. Love is the most superior propellant of life, as we all know. Therefore love as a motive is superior to fear. Disregarding polemics. we must state that the following of rules degrades a man to being a mechanical servant. The law is a "schoolmaster" (N.T. Galatians 3:24): &lt;br /&gt;"but only until Christ came, That we might be justified by faith. But now That faith has come, we are no longer under a custodian." &lt;br /&gt;We obverve the shift from mechanical obedience to loving response and to responsible action. We are lifted to a higher plane - promoted to act as free men, bound only by love. This, however, is granted only to those who do indeed love God in a sincere manner, otherwise we have chaos - as is widely seen in this world that professes religion, but does not possess the sincerity to live it. &lt;br /&gt;If, with this in mind, we look at certain sunnah, we must seriously ask what kind of spiritual effect, even by implication, they may produce: &lt;br /&gt;"The Apostle of God's said: 'When a fly falls into a vessel belonging to anyone of you, then let him immerse the whole of it Afterwards let him throw it out, for verily (!) in one of its wings is healing, and in the other disease.' " (Al-Bukhari and Abu Da'ud in Mishkat II, page 152). &lt;br /&gt;"Jabir reported that Allah's Messenger commanded the licking of fingers and the dish saying: 'You do not know in what portion the blessing lies.' "(Sahih Muslim, page 1 120). &lt;br /&gt;"When anyone eats food, he should not wipe his hands until he had licked it (hands and dish) himself or has given it to someone else to lick it. (ibid., page 1 119). &lt;br /&gt;"Ibn-Umar reported Allah's Messenger as saying: 'A believer eats in one intestine, whereas a non-believer eats in seven intestines.' "(ibid., page 1 137). &lt;br /&gt;Mohammed said: "The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or pictures." (Hadis of Abu-Talhah). &lt;br /&gt;"Every maker of pictures is in the fire. Allah will appoint for him, for every picture which he has drawn, a person who will punish him in hell." (Hadis of ibn-Abbas). &lt;br /&gt;Yet even in Islamic countries pictures are painted, photos taken and films viewed - not to mention T.V. &lt;br /&gt;"If a man steals an egg or a length of rope, his hand should be cut off." (Sahih Muslim ch. DCLXXVIII vs. 4185, vol.III, p.908 and Mishkat Ch. XXV vs. 123, vol. II, p. 555 confirming Sura 5:38). &lt;br /&gt;Interpreters today, however, say Mohammed means this to be the extreme and final penalty for incorrigible thieves. However, those who ignore the Hadis and thereby ignore following "such tradition today, would violate the spirit of the Quran." &lt;br /&gt;The Messenger of Allah said: "Allah loves sneezing but hates yawnings. So when one of you sneezes and praises Allah, it becomes the duty of every Muslim who hears to say for him, 'May Allah be kind to thee.' As for yawning, it is surely from the devil. So when one of you yawns, let him return it if he can, because when one of you yawns, the devil laughs at him." (Mishkat I, page 590). &lt;br /&gt;The explanatory notes enlighten us: &lt;br /&gt;"Yawning is the result of sloth and sluggishness and has therefore been termed (as) coming from the devil, and sneezing is the result of a sound brain and sound health and is therefore termed to be of an angel." &lt;br /&gt;Allah's Messenger said: "When one of you yawns, he should keep his mouth shut with the help of his hand, for it is the devil that enters therein." (Sahih Muslim, page 1 540). &lt;br /&gt;All the above statements need neither comment nor explanation regarding their usefullness and acceptability in the light of anatomy, medicine, bacteriology and technology. &lt;br /&gt;Of course, we are aware that the above selection does not represent a balanced view of the Hadis. However, an unemotional reader of the Hadis, searching for peace with God and joy in His presence, as we Christians experience it, will find little but detailed rules on how exactly to prostrate in prayer, perform the Hajj, shave the hair of the body, perform ablutions, etc. etc. &lt;br /&gt;Of course, this can be noticed only by those who experience another kind of relationship with God. The man who draws saline water from a deep well in the Kalahari considers it terrific, until he moves to a house with running water, hot and cold. &lt;br /&gt;Without wishing to be superior, we note that anyone comparing life under the New Testament with the life under the Old Covenant must realize the tremendous change and freedom that came with Jesus. Islam leads its followers back under the Law. (Galatians 3 and 4). &lt;br /&gt;Christians, as mentioned earlier, certainly do not live lawlessly. We have been, as it were, promoted from the stage of observing strict ordinances that regulate every aspect of life by detailed commandments, which is basically the situation sought after by the immature. It is no doubt more beautiful to live under the Law of Love, for as Francis of Assisi put it once: "Love God - and then do what you like!" But love also dictates restraint! It is not something that I must force myself to do. I do it to please the One whom my soul loves. We must hasten to add, however, that this applies only to the genuine, practising Christian - not to just any Church member. Here perhaps more than in any other area can we see the difference that the Christian faith makes. &lt;br /&gt;There is no point in stating that Islam and its way aims at just that. It does not. It is a delusion and self-deception to assume that. &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Is it reasonable to build or support ones faith for eternity on traditions which are so vague in their rational substance and dependability? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE SOURCES OF ISLAM &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(This chapter leans heavily on the book of the same name by W. St. Clair-Tisdall). &lt;br /&gt;If Islam builds on the Quran as a revelation ("nazil", i.e. come down from heaven) as indeed it does, then it must provide evidence supporting its "nazil" character. &lt;br /&gt;If, however, some or much of the Quran, i.e. the text, can be shown to have been existing knowledge that was available to Mohammed, and if it was indeed incorporated into the Quran, the argument supporting "nazil" collapses. &lt;br /&gt;If the Quran reflects the Torah and the Injil (i.e. the previous revelations), this will strengthen the basis of nazil--unless, of course, such reflections can be shown to be historically and Biblically false. "Nazil" will also be disproved if what purport to be Biblical sources turn out in fact to be Talmudic, Apocryphal or heretical. &lt;br /&gt;It has been alleged that Islam: &lt;br /&gt;"...is simply Talmudic Judaism adapted to Arabia, the apostleship of Jesus and Mohammed...The sources (says Mr. Rodwel, a Quran translator) whence Mohammed derived the materials of his Koran, are, over and above the more poetical parts, which are his own creation, the legend of his time abd country, Jewish traditions based upon the Talmud, and the Christian traditions of Arabia and of Syria."("Dictionary of Islam", page 515). &lt;br /&gt;Since Mohammed was aware of Jewish and Christian criticism concerning this, he counter-attacked by claiming that the Christians and Jews had perverted their Books (see page ) We have already investigated these allegations in "Christians Answer Muslim" and need not repeated them. &lt;br /&gt;But we shall have to determine the degree to which: &lt;br /&gt;Quranic concepts were taken from the Arabian past&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ALLAH &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This name was well known before the time of Mohammed as can be proved by the names of relatives of Mohammed: his father's name was Abd-ullah (slave of Allah) and his uncle as well as one of the hanifs was named Obeid-allah. &lt;br /&gt;Besides this, Mohammed's reference to Allah was not criticized by the infidels of Mecca, as can be seen in the chapter 'The Collection of the Quran'. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE KA'ABA &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Also called the Holy Masjid) is described as a shrine of worship by Deodorus Sicolus in 60 B.C. &lt;br /&gt;HAJJ &lt;br /&gt;The pilgrimage to the Ka'aba was practicized before Mohammed's time, including visits to Safa and Marwa and also the throwing of stones against a stone pillar, symbolizing Iblis (the devil), in Wadi Mina. This is still practised today. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PRAYER&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The now extinct tribe of the Sabaeans who lived in the Arabian Peninsula observed seven daily prayers at appointed times. Mohammed appointed five of these. The Sabaeans also prayed for the dead, a custom that has been maintained.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RAMADAN &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Sabaeans fasted thirty days every year and celebrated the Eid. The fast was prolonged by one day, should the new moon not be clearly visible on Eid. Again this practise was incorporated in the new religion of Islam. In the Mishna Berkhoth (Jewish Talmud) it was said that fasting should begin and stop at the time when one could begin to distinquish between a white and black thread. This custom has also been incorporated in Islamic traditions. &lt;br /&gt;We cannot accept that these imitations are purely accidental. We hold that they were known to, and approved, by Mohammed and that he incorporated them in the Quran, while others were incorporated in the Hadis. &lt;br /&gt;Quranic concepts taken from the Talmud &lt;br /&gt;In the Arabian Peninsula there were many Jewish communities living in the diaspora after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. Many of these were guided by legends (Hagadda, etc.) and Talmudic writings, rather than the Torah. Many Jews at the time believed that the Talmud had been added to the "preserved tablets" (i.e. to the Ten Commandments, which were kept in the Ark of the Covenant and were believed to be replicas of the heavenly book). Mohammed added to this the Quran. There are several traditions from Judaism that were accepted by Mohammed and incorporated in Islam: &lt;br /&gt;QIBLA &lt;br /&gt;i.e. the direction in which one faces while praying. At first, the direction was towards jerusalem, as was Jewish practice. When the Jews fell into disfavour with Mohammed, however, this was changed to Mecca. (Sura 2:142).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ABRAHAM &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whatever Mohammed knew about Abraham is not from the Torah, but from Jewish legends, the source being the Midrash Rabbah (Suras 2:260; 6:74-84; 19:42-50; 21:52-72; 26:70-82; 29:16,17; 37:83-89; 43:26-30 and 60:4).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SATAN'S REFUSAL TO WORSHIP ADAM &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;as reported in Sura 2:34 can also be traced back to the Talmud ("Islam" by A. Guillaume p. 62). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CAIN AND ABEL &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The way the story of Cain and Abel is related in Sura 5:30-35 shows quite clearly that this is copied from the Targum of Jonathan-ben- Uzziah, the Targum of Jerusalem and Pirke Rabbi Eleazar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE VISIT OF THE QUEEN OF SHEBA &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;is related in Sura 27:17ff. We can also determine the source, which evidently is the II Targum of the Book of Esther (paraphrased translation), although Mohammed reports this as to be from the Bible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HARUT AND MARUT &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Are two angels mentioned in Sura 2:102. Harut and Marut were idols worshipped in Armenia. Their existence was inspired by Marut, the Hindu god of the wind. We find this story related in the Talmud (Midrash Yalzut, chapter 44). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SEVEN HEAVENS AND SEVEN HELLS &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;as reported of in Sura 15:44 and 17:44, find their source in the tradition called Hagigah and Zuhal. &lt;br /&gt;Quranic concepts from the Gospel and Apocrypha &lt;br /&gt;it was relatively easy for Mohammed to have access to these stories, simply because many a Christian sect had found refuge in the Arabian Peninsula from the Roman Church, which persecuted them. Because of their heretical teachings they did not gain the approval of the early Church. One of Mohammed's concubines, Mary the Copt, could have related these stories to him. Significant is the fact that the Apo- cryphal writings that had been rejected as non-apostolic and lacking in authenticity by the Church, were the main source of information to these sects. This is undeniably reflected in the Quran. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;JESUS &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His name in the Arabic Quran is Isa. In Sura 19:16-31 it is related that He was born under palm trees. This story can be traced back to the "History of Nativity". When Mary was accused by her family for having a child without being married. the new-born Jesus speaks out of the cradle in defence of His mother. The source for this is the "Gospel of Infancy".(Both sources are not Biblical, but are from the Apocrypha). &lt;br /&gt;In Sura 3:49 and 5:113 it is related that as a child Jesus made clay pigeons and by breathing on them made them come alive so that they could fly away. This was taken from the "Gospel of Thomas" (Apocry- pha). In Sura 4:156, as in the general context of the Quran and Hadis, it is related that Jesus was neither killed, nor crucified. The source for this is a Docetic or Gnostic heresy, promoted by Basilides, an erly Christian heretic of the second Century. The Hadis speaks of the return of Jesus in a way that is foreign to the Bible: He will return to earth, live forty years, marry and have children, then die and will be buried next to Mohammed in Medina. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE TRINITY&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Christians are surprised to discover in Suras 5:119, 4:171 and 5:75-76 that the Trinity comprises God, Mary and Jesus. This thought is foreign to every Christian and the Bible, but no doubt finds its origin in the veneration of Mary as "The Mother of God" by the Catholic Church. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE VIRGIN MARY &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Christians read with surprise in Sura 19:28-29 that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a sister of Aaron. Learned men of Islam, who are aware that between Miriam, the sister of Aaron, and Miriam or Mary, the mother of Jesus there is a gap of 1500 years, try to persuade us that Mary had a brother, who also happened to be an Aaron. We reject this possibility, because she is also described as the daughter of Imram (Sura 66:12), the Amram of Exodus 6:20. He was indeed the father of Aaron, Moses and Miriam. Besides that, Jelalood Deen has stated that Mary's mother was Hannah. The one who was mentioned in 1 Samuel, chapters 1-2, and who lived about a 1000 years before her "daughter". &lt;br /&gt;All this is a hopeless mix-up of historical events and no argument will convince one that in fact the Quran is right and the Christian have changed their Bibles, as in fact claimed by the Muslims. &lt;br /&gt;"The Gospel of James", another Apocryphal book, was the source of the report that as a girl, Mary lived in the Temple, receiving food from the Angels and that Joseph was chosen to be her husband by miraculous rods (Sura 3:35-36 and 42-47). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE HOLY SPIRIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jesus is called the Spirit of God in the Quran. This could be tolerable in the light of Christian doctrine, but in Sura 61:6 we read: &lt;br /&gt;"Jesus son of Mary said ...'I am indeed the messenger of God to you, conforming the Torah that is before me, and giving good tidings of a messenger who shall come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.'" &lt;br /&gt;This false concept has been refuted already in "Christians answer Muslims" p. 118.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE MIRAJ &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;is the reported ascent of Mohammed to the seventh Heaven after a miraculous night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem on a "horse" called Buraq. This story is related to us in Sura 17. More detail is furnished in the "Mishkat". We can trace this story back to a fictitious book called the "Testament of Abraham"(B.C. 200), which was written in Egypt and then translated into Greek and Arabic. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE CAVE OF SEVEN SLEEPERS &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;is a story related to us in Sura 18:9-26. It is not difficult to detect its striking resemblance to a book called the "Story of Martyrs" by Gregory of Tours. It is a legendary tale of Christians under persecution who fell asleep in a cave for 200 years. In the Quran, this period was prolonged to 309 years. &lt;br /&gt;Quranic concepts from Eastern sources &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PARADISE &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The description of Paradise in Suras 55:56 and 56:22, 35-36,which speak of "wide-eyed houris with eyes like unto pearls, a recompense for what they laboured", has interesting parallels in the Zoroastrian religion of Persia, where the name is not houris, but paaris. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BALANCES  &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;For some strange reasons throughout the Western World, the idea of a huge set of balances that God will operate at the Day of Judgement has been in the minds of people. In fact, this is in total contrast to the basic teaching of the Bible where justification is by faith and not by good deeds. &lt;br /&gt;Although the balances and judgement concept is found in the Quran, in Suras 101:5,6 and 42:17, we discover that the original source is the "Testament of Abraham". "The book of the Dead", also from Egypt, refers to judgement by Osiris, an Egyptian deity, and here the same concept of judgement by balances is apparent. &lt;br /&gt;SIRAT &lt;br /&gt;The bridge that leads over the deep gulf of hell to Paradise, is called Chinavad (the connecting link) in the Zoroastrian book "Dinkart". &lt;br /&gt;These likenesses may perhaps be claimed to be accidental and they may well be, although we are aware that there was much contact between Arabia and the culturally advanced Persians. We also recall Salman the Persian, who is mentioned directly in the Siratu'l Rasool and indirectly in the Quran (pp. ). However, the concepts taken from the Bible cannot be explained in any way, other than that Mohammed's knowledge of the Bible was scanty and poor and that he was misled into believing that the legendary tales he heard were actually Biblical. &lt;br /&gt;Quranic concept from the Hanifites &lt;br /&gt;There are known to have been six men who rejected the polytheistic worship prevalent in pre-Islamic Mecca. They believed in one God. the God of Abraham. &lt;br /&gt;One can assume that their knowledge about the one God of Abraham came from their contact with the Jews, who lived in their environment; or even that the story of Abraham has been handed down verbally from the time of Ishmael and that they had experienced a new awareness of their forefather (though this is not likely). &lt;br /&gt;Hanifite concepts, the Quran, and Hadis have very obvious similarities. All three reject idol-worship and the burying of infant girls; they accept the unity of God; Paradise and hell; and call Allah "Lord Most Merciful and Compassionate." Admittedly it may have been purely accidental, but the probability is that Mohammed, when he withdrew to the cave Hira, met Zaid-ibn-amr, one of the six who, for the statement:"I worship the God of Abraham", had been expelled from Mecca and lived on Mount Hira. In Islam the word Hanifite means "One that is inclined to God" or "Orthodox". In pre-Muslim Arabia Hanifite meant "unclean" or "apostate", because Hanifites had abandoned their religion. Mohammed, however, clothed this word with a positive meaning. Abraham was called a Hanifite by Mohammed. In Suras 4:125, 3:95 and 6:161 we are strongly admonished to: &lt;br /&gt;"Follow the faith of Abraham, the Hanif, he was not a pagan." &lt;br /&gt;It is sad to realize that today's Muslims do not follow the faith of Abraham. Had they turned to the Taurat for their knowledge about him, history would have taken another course. &lt;br /&gt;In the conclusion, it is revealing to consider what is known about the fate of the Hanifites. Obeidallah first lived in doubt, then turned to Islam, but was subsequently converted to Christianity. Uthman went to Byzantium and became a Christian. Waraca also became a Christian.(Siratu'l Rasool vss 143-144). &lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: When making a choice, why should a man select as basis for eternal life a book which shows such dependence on other sources and even misrepresents them? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;THE ETHICS OF ISLAM SEEN FROM A CHRISTIAN POINT OF VIEW &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like any other religion, Islam has a definite Code of ethics. These are based decidedly on Sunnah. What Mohammed did, is right and commendable. What he rejected, is wrong and to be condemned. here we find irreconcilable differences between Christian ethics and those of Islam. Without wishing to be polemical, we should like to mention the position of women within Islamic culture. &lt;br /&gt;We are told that the status of equality of women derived from Islam, whereas the "Christian" Westerner has exploited women and made them object of crude sexuality. We observe, however, that the Quran permits polygamy. Although we do not desire to give polygamy a positive or negative connotation, we wish to state that equality would mean that women should have the same rights as men. This is not so in a polygamous society, for a woman cannot be married to more than one man at the same time. Some quotations from the Hadis enlarge on privileges of men: &lt;br /&gt;"When a woman spends the night away from the bed of her husband, the angels curse her until morning," or" until she comes back." "Allah's messenger said: 'By Him in Whose Hand is my life, when a man calls his wife to his bed and she does not respond, the One who is in heaven is displeased with her until he (her husband) is pleased with her." or"When a man invites his wife to his bed and she does not come, and he (the husband) spends the night being angry(!) with her, the angels curse her until morning." ("Sahih Muslim" II, page 732). &lt;br /&gt;"The Messenger of Allah said: 'If I were to order anybody to make prostration to anybody, I would have ordered a woman to prostrate before her husband." ("Mishkat" I, page 210). &lt;br /&gt;"O Messenger of Allah! What right has the wife of one among us got over him? He said: 'It is that you shall give her food when you have taken food(!), that you shall clothe her when you have clothed yourself(!), that you shall not slap her on the face, nor revile (her), not leave (her) alone except within the house." ("Mishkat" I, page 212). &lt;br /&gt;Mohammed was asked who among women is the best. He replied: &lt;br /&gt;"She who gives pleasure to him when he loves, obeys him when he bids, and who does not oppose him regarding herself and her riches, fearing his displeasure." (ibid. p. 216). &lt;br /&gt;"Fear Allah about women, because you have taken them with the trust of Allah and made their private parts lawful with the words of Allah. You have got right over them that they shall not entertain anybody on your bed which you dislike. If they do that scourge them without being oppressive. And they have got right over you that you shall clothe them and feed them in a just manner." ("Mishkat" III, page 588). &lt;br /&gt;"Your wives are a tilth (=field) for you, so go into your tilth when you like (Sura 2:223). &lt;br /&gt;In Christian ethics, and this is reflected in the ethics of "Western World", this is a most degrading and unacceptable concept. In the Bible we are commanded: &lt;br /&gt;"Wives, be subject to your husbands, as to the Lord...Husbands, love your wives as Christ loved the Church and gave himself up for her." (Ephesian 5:22,25). &lt;br /&gt;This is strengthened sby the interpretation of love: &lt;br /&gt;"Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not love, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal... Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; it is not arrogant or rude. Love does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrong, but rejoices in the right. Love bears all things, believe all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends." (I Corinthians 13:1,4-8). &lt;br /&gt;Marriage in Islam is a contract that, in the days of Mohammed, was engaged rather lightly. All it required, was that a dower had to be paid, which was often of very little value, however. It could be a garment or even a few handfuls of dates: &lt;br /&gt;"A woman came to Allah's Messenger and said: 'Messenger of Allah, I have come to entrust myself to you.' Allah's Messenger saw her and cast a glance at her from head to feet. Allah's Messenger then lowered his head. When the woman saw that he had made no decision in regard to her, she sat down. There stood a person from amongst his companions and said: 'Messenger of Allah, marry her to me if you have no need of her.' He (the holy Prophet) said: 'Is there anything with you (which you can give as a dower)?' He said: 'No, Messenger of Allah, I have nothing.' Thereupon Allah's Messenger said: 'Go to your people and see if you can find something.' He returned and said: 'I have found nothing.' "Encouraged again to look for even an iron ring, which again he could not obtain, he declared that his only possession was a lower garment, which he was prepared to share. This being rejected by Mohammed, he was asked:" 'Do you know any of the Quran? He said: 'I know such and such Suras.' whereupon he said. 'Can you recite them from heart? He said, 'Yes', whereupon he (Allah's Messenger) said: 'Go, I have given her to you in marriage for the part of the Quran which you know.'" ("Sahih Muslim" II, pages 717-718). &lt;br /&gt;The value of the dower Mohammed gave for his wives amounted to approximately R50.00 (US$75.-). &lt;br /&gt;If marriage was easy, so was divorce. Three "pronouncements" by the husband (except during the time of menstruation) dissolved a marriage. (ibid. pages 769-770, 754, 759). &lt;br /&gt;"Recent years have brought some amelioration of the hard lot of women in Muslim countries in the matters of divorce. Under the Hanafi law--and this, be it remembered, obtains in the greater part of the Muslim world--a husband may divorce his wife for any reason or for no reason at all...The husband can divorce his wife by simply saying so three times. On the other hand, a woman can never divorce her husband on any ground whatever, unless she has his permission to do so. Nor can she get a judicial dissolution of marriage for neglect, ill-treatment, or positive cruelty...A feature of the Hanafi system is that a divorce uttered in jest (for fun) and not meant seriously is just as binding as a deliberate utterance. But this is not all. Even a divorce spoken when a man is drunk is valid if he was culpably drunk, and so, too, is a divorce uttered under compulsion." ("Islam" by Alfred Guillaume p. 172). &lt;br /&gt;Again Jesus shows us a different concept: &lt;br /&gt;"And Pharisees came up to Him and tested Him by asking, 'Is it lawful to divorce one's wife for any cause? 'He answered, 'Have you not read that He who made them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, 'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh'? So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man put asunder.' They said to Him, 'Why then did Moses command one to give a certificate of divorce, and to put her away?' He said to them, 'For your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so. And I say to you: whoever divorces his wife, except for unchastity, and marries another, commits adultery." (Matthew 19:3-9). &lt;br /&gt;At the turn of this century 99% of Muslims women were illiterate. There were no state schools for girls, because Islamic leaders opposed them. &lt;br /&gt;The Westerner who visits Islamic countries is at once aware of the absence of women in public life everywhere. Whether it be in the cafes, shops, restaurants or cinemas, one sees men only. Again this is not a criticism of cultural concept, but rather of the Islamic concept of equality. &lt;br /&gt;According to Sura 4:35 : &lt;br /&gt;"Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another, and for that they have expended of their property. Righteous women are therefore obedient, guarding the secret for God's guarding. And those you fear may be rebellious, admonish; banish th
